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The paper discusses the connection of the foundational economy approach, a contemporary concept in the public services discourse, with the notion of spatial justice. It argues that the economic relevance of the systems of the foundational economy are important for territorial development issues, too and that they are able to provide a substantial contribution to sustainable and just spatial development. First, the concept of spatial justice is introduced as a spatial planning policy interpretation of equal living conditions. Based on four sub-dimensions, it is shown that access to basic services for all people plays an elementary part in this. The concept shares this perspective with the foundational economy approach. The latter opens up a new perspective on public services and, in addition to the service provision, also emphasises the high significance of foundational economic systems for labour markets. Against this background, a descriptive-statistical evaluation of labour market data on the spatial distribution of the foundational economy at the district level in Bavaria is carried out. Overall, the paper addresses the uneven spatial distribution of the foundational economies and advocates better funding for municipalities in order to achieve spatial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farm work is one of the nation's most hazardous occupations, and migrant and seasonal farmworkers face significant health inequities. Awareness and understanding of the needs of this population are crucial in assuring they receive appropriate support. Documentary programs can raise awareness of community member views to better inform services and advocacy efforts. Visions for the future of farm work were collected from farmworkers and persons supporting them through a community‐based, participatory documentary project led by Student Action with Farmworkers (SAF) from 2021 to 2022. Seventy‐nine submissions from participants in North and South Carolina, including text responses and file uploads, were collected and thematically analyzed. Five themes were identified: (1) employment benefits and conditions, (2) living conditions, (3) health access and quality, (4) dignity and visibility of farm work, and (5) policy change for a better future. The visions for the future of farm work expressed by these agricultural workers, advocates, and students raise important implications for agricultural communities, public health practitioners, researchers, funders, and policymakers. Application of these findings in the development and delivery of public health services for farmworkers has the potential to positively impact the morbidity and mortality rates of this at‐risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepal is a poor, nonaligned, landlocked country surrounded by India and China that has had good relations with both Israel and the Arab states due in large part to a foreign policy conducted on the basis of Panchasheel, composed of five principles: (1) mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, (2) noninterference in each other's internal affairs, (3) respect for mutual equality, (4) nonaggression and peaceful settlements of disputes, and (5) cooperation for mutual benefit. This outlook has also motivated Nepal's participation in many United Nations peacekeeping operations. Originally the object of a rivalry between Egypt and Israel, Nepal has attracted the attention of a number of other Middle Eastern states, particularly those in the Arab Gulf region, as witnessed by increasing diplomatic interactions and transportation connections with Nepal and/or its officials especially in recent years, while Nepalis provide much-needed labor for many of those same countries. Despite numbers of cases of worker abuse in the Middle East, Nepali laborers there provide remittances essential for families dealing with difficult living conditions in Nepal as well as a source of foreign revenue for that country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unplanned urban expansion and extreme population pressure have caused several bottlenecks for city dwellers, which have been reflected in the form of inter-urban spatial inequality in living conditions at the household level. The present study integrates GIS with a composite synthetic index to measure the spatial variation of urban household conditions across 146 urban centers in Eastern India (West Bengal). The study critically scrutinizes the influence of urban housing conditions, amenities level, and asset possession on the well-being of urban households. Based on these three inter-connected dimensions, a composite index for urban household living condition index was computed based on the optimum combinational composite index model (OCCIM). Besides, the study provides insight into the geographic distribution of urban household living conditions considering their spatial patterns, hot spots, and clusters identification. The spatial heterogeneity of the selected dimensions is shown on the maps produced using the GIS. The spatial variation was measured using Moran's I at the global level and Getis-Ord Gi * to identify influential locations through clusters and hot spots detection of urban housing condition, amenities level, assets possession, and composite living condition scenario. Additionally, the constructed UHdCLI model's consistency is assessed using the r-squared value of regression analysis (R2 = 0.815). The latest findings provide a realistic view of the spatial inter-urban variations that exist at the level of particular households concerning several aspects of their standard of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Estonia joined the European Union in 2004, there has been a steady growth in transnational mobility for work or study among Estonian young adults, a phenomenon further boosted by the economic recession of 2008–09. This article analyses the factors that have influenced or would potentially influence their return to Estonia, following an online survey of over 2,000 participants from Estonia aged 20–35 years with a recent experience of living abroad. By deploying an analysis of logistic regression, we developed two models concerning the 'actual return factors' (comparing the stayers with those who have returned) and the 'aspirational return factors' (how the migrants imagine their future location). Some of the highlights of our results demonstrate that the likelihood of return migration is significantly lower for those whose prime reasons for leaving Estonia were related to living conditions and salary abroad. The extent of people's ties and connections to Estonia does not play a significant role in actually returning to Estonia. However, these connections do play a role, albeit limited, in envisioning one's future in Estonia. The outcomes of our analysis suggest that diaspora policies cannot be implemented without addressing the sending country's internal sociopolitical situation, which influences the living conditions and economic opportunities of its citizens, scrutinized particularly carefully by those who have left the country before deciding whether or not to return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infant mortality is a health phenomenon directly related to the deleterious living conditions of both the infant’s home and adverse socioeconomic and sanitary factors. Objective: To characterize inequalities in infant mortality according to differential living conditions in two populations districts of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory ecological study was carried out in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba in 1995-1997. The units of analysis were constituted by the areas framed in two populations districts of the city. Results: Bothe population districts were stratified, according to their living conditions, in settlements with less unfavorable and more unfavorable living conditions. Higher infant mortality was estimated in the settlement with more unfavorable living conditions (8.7 deaths per 1000 live births), where asphyxia, anoxia and hypoxia predominated as clinical causes of death and clinical causes reducible for good care at birth. Conclusions: A differential profile of infant mortality, according to living conditions, was identified within the population settlements of the urban districts of Santiago de Cuba. The distinctive risks of infant death were at the expense of the neonatal component, mainly for clinical causes reducible by good care at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a study on sickle cell disease, a chronic illness that affects many Brazilians, that aims to understand and analyze how people address the adversities arising from the diagnosis and the biographical rupture. The description of people's experiences and strategies conjures a picture that expresses the respondents' habitus, built in a dialectical relationship with the vulnerability determined by the disease. We adopted a qualitative approach and focused interviews as proposed by Merton, combined with the snowball technique, applied to groups related to sickle cell disease on social networks. Seven participants were selected because they were privileged informants with the disease, were over eighteen, lived in the Federal District, and were non-exclusive users of the Unified Health System. The interview material was categorized from the focal groups employed. The results indicated the following categories: biographical rupture, experience and coping strategies, and healthcare. It is necessary to sensitize professionals and the population about the challenging living conditions of people with sickle cell disease and the consolidation of public policies and care networks to accommodate this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irregular maritime migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia presents serious risks for Bangladeshi laborers who seek work overseas to change their precarious living conditions. Survivors' voices are often unheard and their motivation and experiences are largely undocumented. This study details the accounts of 25 survivors of labor trafficking, all men, from three major trafficking hubs in Bangladesh. Interviews with selected stakeholders provide insights into this industry and its business model. The study seeks to understand how and why decisions to undertake the journey were made. It details the multi-faceted consequences for survivors, including loss of key assets (e.g., land, livestock, cash and future work opportunities). Most of the survivors never reached their planned destination and only two persons secured work for more than six months. As a direct result of migration, most moved from living marginally below the poverty line at pre-departure to extreme poverty. Migration, precarity and motivation theories help explain the perspectives and migration decisions of the research participants. These insights can inform policymakers to develop more holistic prevention, prosecution and reintegration measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurological condition that has physically and psychologically affected individuals afflicted with this condition. Their health situation has an impact on their families’ lives. In this case study, we aimed to examine the various experiences of the family members of the individuals with TS. Informed by the postulations of Ramanathan (2010) and Rivera-Navarro et al. (2014), we interviewed parents and siblings of individuals diagnosed with TS. Through these interviews, our study revealed that family members share the struggles of individuals with TS in dealing with and managing their conditions. They also shared some of their perceptions about having a life of normalcy despite living with family members with TS. Furthermore, dealing with the realities of living with them with this kind of condition has opened up a greater understanding of their physiological makeup. Finally, parents expressed the need for various agencies to extend their support to groups like them in achieving their full potential as individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of unemployment on health hazards in Turkey by using a set of income and living conditions panel datasets from 2013 to 2016. Firstly, we examine the effect of unemployment on health status using a generalised ordered logit model. Unlike most of the existing literature, this study finds that unemployed individuals are more likely to be healthier. We perform a robustness check using the accelerated failure time model. We also estimate the change in health status with health spell by controlling for gender, age, marital status, education level, household income, and number of earners in the household. We find that the coefficient estimate of the transition from better to worse health has longer survival duration for unemployed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining housing and environmental conditions and socioeconomic marginalisation have been common experiences of older social housing estates. These factors can lead to poor-quality living conditions for residents, estate management challenges for social landlords and poor life chances and reputational stigma for communities. One of the interventions proposed by central governments, local authorities and social housing landlords to address the problems experienced by such estates is estate regeneration. This paper presents a case study of a large social housing estate in the south of Ireland where a long-term estate regeneration masterplan has been implemented since 2013. The paper draws on the findings of multi-annual reviews of the implementation process based on quantitative and qualitative evaluations with multiple stakeholders including residents. The paper also comments on the effectiveness of regeneration strategies to address the impacts of austerity, market failure and structural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eight years of database building allowed us to combine settlement level conscriptions of plots and duties of pesant population and the landlords of the more than 8000 settlement of 18th century Hungary. Using the census data of Joseph II, the description of Vályi from 1997, the urbarial summary from 1786, and the so called Lexicon locorum with data on priests, schoolmasters, and spoken language (1773) we executed a quantitative analysis of historical data on services, taxes, duties, plot size and general living conditions on different estate types (private large lanholdings, state lanholdings, estates of the different churches, estates of petty nobility, aristocrats and bene possessionati) comparing the living conditions of serfs and cottars from many aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant carbon emissions, a key contributor to global climate warming, pose risks to ecosystems and human living conditions. It is crucial to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions at the county level to reach the goals of carbon peak and neutrality. This study examines carbon emissions and economic and social problems data from 89 counties in Zhejiang Province. It employs analytical techniques such as LISA time path, spatio-temporal transition, and standard deviational ellipse to investigate the trends of carbon emissions from 2002 to 2022. Furthermore, it utilizes the GTWR model to evaluate the factors that influence these emissions on a county scale. The findings reveal the following: (1) The LISA time path analysis indicates a pronounced local spatial structure in the distribution of carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2022, characterized by increasing stability, notable path dependency, and some degree of spatial integration, albeit with a diminishing trend in overall integration. (2) The LISA spatio-temporal transition analysis indicates significant path dependency or lock-in effects in the county-level spatial clustering of carbon emissions. (3) Over the period 2002–2022, the centroid of carbon emissions in Zhejiang's counties mainly oscillated between 120°55′15″ E and 120°57′01″ E and between 29°55′52″ N and 29°59′11″ N, with a general northeastward shift forming a "V" pattern. This shift resulted in a stable "northeast–southwest" spatial distribution. (4) Factors such as population size, urbanization rate, and economic development level predominantly accelerate carbon emissions, whereas industrial structure tends to curb them. It is crucial to customize carbon mitigation plans to suit the circumstances of each county. This study provides insight into the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions at the county level in Zhejiang Province. It offers crucial guidance for developing targeted and practical strategies to reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmer producer companies (FPCs) have widely transformed the livelihoods of the people and mainly squeezed the income and living standard conditions in the rural sectors, specifically a primary sector engaged majorly with village economies. This article diagnoses the collective cooperative concept and formation of FPCs in the country since their establishment in the year 2008–2021. We utilized secondary data from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) and the outcome of the study discusses the state and zone‐wise performance of FPCs in the country. The result found that only a few zones are performing in the FPCs businesses which makes it sustainable. The study further adds the sustainable measures for performance of the FPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies spouses' intrahousehold decision-making, using unique information from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions special module on Intrahousehold Sharing of Resources. We build an index to measure the bargaining power of the wife in household decision-making in European countries and analyze how that index correlates with household demographic characteristics. We find cross-country differences in the values of this index, although estimates show that, in general, older, relatively more educated and working spouses with higher wages, have more power in intrahousehold decision-making. Furthermore, country-level conditions correlate with spouses' bargaining power in household decision-making. The paper provides a direct empirical exploration of intrahousehold decision-making in a cross-country setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Although individually rare, collectively, rare conditions are common and affect a large number of people and are often chronic, life threatening and affect multiple body systems; the majority of them have no effective treatment. The literature has identified many specific challenges for those living with rare conditions, however, we do not know which of these in combination are most likely to impact how someone rates their overall experience of care. The aim of this study is to do further exploratory analysis of the Genetic Alliance UK 2020 Rare Experience survey data to identify which variables are most strongly associated with respondents' overall care experience. Results: There were strong associations between most of the selected survey variables and the overall rated experience of care variable. In the multiple linear regression only nine variables remained in the best fit model: 'Trust and confidence in hospital staff involved in ongoing care'; 'Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals—following diagnosis'; 'The professionals providing care work as a team'; 'Feel care is coordinated effectively'; 'The timing and frequency of appointments are convenient for the patient/carer/family'; 'Whether or not there is a specific healthcare professional to ask questions of about the rare/undiagnosed condition'; 'Experience of searching for a diagnosis'; 'Knowledge of whether there is a specialist centre for the condition'; and 'Number of different clinics attend for the condition'. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the challenges that play the largest part in explaining the varied experiences with rare disease healthcare in the UK for our survey respondents. These challenges should be further investigated with a broader sample of people affected by rare conditions, ideally through the implementation of a comprehensive national rare condition patient registry. Our findings highlight an important potential gap in the Framework, 'trust and confidence in healthcare professionals'; further research is required to fully understand the foundations of trust and confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Revealing factors and mechanisms in determining species coexistence are crucial to community ecology, but studies using gut microbiota data are still lacking. Methods: Using gut microbiota data of 556 Brandt's voles from 37 treatments in eight experiments, we examined the relationship of species co-occurrence of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) with genetic distance (or genetic relatedness), community diversity, and several environmental variables. Results: We found that the species co-occurrence index (a larger index indicates a higher co-occurrence probability) of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles was negatively associated with the genetic distance between paired ASVs and the number of cohabitating voles in the experimental space (a larger number represents more crowding social stress), but positively with Shannon diversity index, grass diets (representing natural foods), and non-physical contact within an experimental space (representing less stress). Discussion: Our study demonstrated that high diversity, close genetic relatedness, and favorable living conditions would benefit species cooccurrence of gut microbiota in hosts. Our results provide novel insights into factors and mechanisms that shape the community structure and function of gut microbiota and highlight the significance of preserving the biodiversity of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exertional heatstroke (EHS), a severe form of exertional heat illness (EHI), is the third leading cause of death in athletes; thus, early detection and prevention of EHI can help prevent EHS, which is a life-threatening condition. This study aimed to clarify the association between the cognizance of experiencing EHI and living conditions and specific EHI symptoms among collegiate athletes. This study was conducted in October 2022 by administering a questionnaire to 237 male collegiate athletes. Of the 215 (90.7%) respondents, 197 (91.6%) provided valid responses; among them, 88 (44.7%) responded they had experienced EHI, while 109 (55.3%) had not. A history of medical examinations due to EHI, having experienced headaches during summer activities, and having read the EHI manual were factors indicating cognizance of EHI. The number of times meals containing a staple food, main dish, and side dish were eaten in a day was a factor in preventing EHI. Early detection of EHI is important for its prevention, and it is important that athletes themselves have knowledge of symptoms and can correctly self-diagnose EHI. Emphasizing the potential of a well-balanced dietary intake has the potential to prevent EHI is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical stressors like noise can have a significant impact on both the environment and the health of people who are exposed to it. In particular, the excessive noise produced by road traffic is a highly topical issue. The study aimed to investigate the traffic noise values on a busy road in the town of Turzovka. In addition to comparing the measured results with the limit values, we conducted a questionnaire survey with fifty residents. The questionnaire surveyed the attitudes of fifty town residents towards traffic noise concerning their quality of life and health. Subsequently, we compared the questionnaire survey results with the measured noise values at a measured site on a busy road in Turzovka. The respondents' answers from the questionnaire survey confirmed that 68% of the respondents felt the impact of noise exposure on their health, which corresponded with the results of the accurate measurements. According to the measurements, the critical time zones were from 5:00 to 6:00 and from 16:00 to 17:00. The final part of the thesis consists of the proposed measures, whose implementation can decrease the potential high noise exposure and thus reduce the health risks associated with the noise issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the skull size of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) along the eastern macroslope of the Ural Range from the forest-tundra to the steppe are analyzed. The sizes varied from minimum in the north to maximum in pre-forest-steppe pine-birch forests. Further south, the size of the skull decreased again. The average fox population density changed similarly. Based on these data, it was concluded that the sizes change in accordance with the optimum rule, and not with Bergman's rule. Probably, microevolutionary adaptations to living conditions are influenced by general factors that influence both body size and the population density of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to elaborate on the factors contributing to indirect deaths due to earthquakes between 1995 and 2016 in Japan and to identify their prevalence by focusing on life and health changes. A content analysis was conducted to determine the factors using documents provided by the local government. From the 472 indirect death cases, 12 categories and 137 detailed factors were identified. From the 13 cases related to suicide, six categories and 15 detailed factors were extracted. Among the categories, intense disaster-related work was ranked highest, followed by damage to jobs and property and family changes. For the other 459 non-suicide related causes of death, 12 categories and 122 detailed factors were extracted. The most prevalent categories were related to delay or interruption of treatment due to hospital shutdowns, followed by changes in living conditions. In detailed factor of living conditions, cold or hot environments—which are due to being washed away by tsunamis, weather, drafty shelters, the number of evacuees, damaged infrastructure, and a lack of clothes—were found in 60 cases. In conclusion, maintenance of medical services, promotion of a safe environment, and identification and intervention of high-risk people based on these factors are imperative. Developing assessment tools based on these factors for future research is essential to estimate the size of high-risk populations, assist in the distribution of limited resources, and respond quickly to survivors in disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African mind is generally in search of holistic existence. This quest sometimes appears to be somewhat hampered by the realistic living conditions in most African contexts, thus making it hard for the searching mind to attain its ideals. Nonetheless, the African mind learns to establish poise through substantial understanding. Although tossed between the daily experiential oscillations of the swift shift (move) from cultural amiable values to enigmatic secular tendencies, the African mind becomes enriched with wisdom rediscovered in the wider cultural milieu. Hence, the knowledge from the broader perspective empowers it to introduce needed changes for a positive upsurge in both the individual and society. The thomistic primordial notions of the "Habits of the First Principles" provide a framework for this sagacious embrace and transformation in a world still mutilated by injustice, corruption, intolerance and violence. According to this proposal, the quintessence of truth and integral existence is recaptured by the very nature of these conceptions. In Thomas Aquinas' viewpoint, these habits constitute the "act of being" (actus essendi) human. Because they have two principal aspects, the speculative - in the form of principle of non-contradiction (PNC) - and the practical, namely, synderesis, they name what constitutes the essence of the human person. In other words, the thomistic habits are not only essentially rooted in human nature, they also form the core of human actions. Invariably they redirect individual persons to wise fundamental human option: "to do good and avoid evil," albeit the contextual cultural varieties. In this paper, I demonstrate that the African mind shares in the wisdom of the rich resources of primitive philosophical notions geared towards individual and societal integral development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable research regarding the benefits of natural living conditions on several aspects of the health and well-being of dairy cows, the effects of pasture access on their overall welfare are less studied. In this comparative study, the Welfare Quality® protocol was applied in 22 zero-grazing and 17 grazing access farms with an ulterior statistical exploration of the differences found. Moreover, correlations were calculated between pasture access and animal-based welfare measures. Aside from the multiple benefits of pasturing identified within the welfare measures, criteria, and principles, in the overall classification, the farms with permanent confinement ranked lower than the grazing farms. Although both systems used free-stall barns, allowing the cows' movement, the grazing animals showed improved overall welfare. Yet, the origin-related adaptation of the animals could play a role. The authors recommend research-based tailoring whenever these conditions are intended to be transposed in technology, especially in intensive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal welfare assessments have recently been suggested to be useful for free‐ranging animals. Nevertheless, few standardized welfare assessment frameworks have been built for wildlife, including cetaceans.Coastal cetaceans like Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis, IPHDs) that form resident populations impacted by a wide range of human activities are subject to reliable photo‐identification efforts and thus represent perfect candidates for welfare monitoring.Parameters that may inform us on some aspects of the welfare of free‐ranging IPHDs were selected through literature review. A panel survey including three consecutive rounds was then conducted to collect the opinion of selected experts on these parameters.The survey allowed the validation of a list containing 31 parameters that provide information on the welfare of IPHDs. The opinion of experts also allowed to set the modalities of the data collection required to measure/observe these parameters.After establishing a consistent scoring method and testing it on existing data, this standardized framework will allow for obtaining a wide picture of the living conditions of IPHDs. Variations across time periods, among dolphin populations and locations, or following major environmental changes (e.g., conservation measures or human disturbances) could then be analysed.Added to traditional conservation approaches, standardized welfare monitoring will greatly participate in the conservation of these animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the publication is to present changes in the Lubuskie labor market and their impact on the living conditions of the local community. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses statistical data and source materials. Findings: The article presents the most important issues related to the labor market and analyzes key indicators, GDP dynamics, employment rate, directions of social policy development in order to present the changes taking place in Lubuskie province. Originality/value: The article is aimed at people interested in analyzing the labor market, living conditions of the population, people also interested in regional policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: A survey was administered to the families of children hospitalized due to lower respiratory tract infections in winter. Risk factors that may cause non-recurrent LRTI and recurrent LRTI in hospitalized children were compared. METHODS: Survey questions were asked to the families of pediatric patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of LRTI in the training and research hospital during the winter period and did not have a known chronic disease. Patients were divided into two groups: children hospitalized due to recurrent LRTI and non-recurrent LRTI (first hospitalization). Factors that may cause LRTI were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 47 of 77 patients (61%) were male. There were 43 (55.8%) patients between 1 and 6 months. There were 25 (32.5%) patients living in crowded houses. The number of patients exposed to cigarette smoke was 61 (79.2%). 28 (36.4%) of the patients lived in a damp house. Five of the six patients with a history of premature birth had been recurrently hospitalized (p= 0.013). Among those with a family history of atopy, 80.6% had non-recurrent LRTI and 19.4% had recurrent LRTI (p=0.004). There was a positive relationship between household population and the number of smokers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Risk factors for LRTI include young age, male gender, atopic family history, low socioeconomic level, exposure to cigarette smoke and premature birth. History of premature birth, young age, and atopic family history are risk factors for recurrent LRTI.

Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is most common type and can enter the skin with a pre-existing wound. Herein we present a case of an 18-year-old girl known case of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with cutaneous myiasis affecting the knee managed surgically with full recovery. Such case has not reported previously in the literature, and detailed management plan is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examine the history of the establishment of the system of sanitary inspection and medical care for workers of the Caspian-Volga fisheries. There is considered the fishing legislation of the XIX - early XX century. It is stated that, despite the approved rules, fishery workers actually had no qualified medical care, the provision of which was entrusted to the owners of the fishing business. The authors come to the conclusion that the supervision of the sanitary condition of the fisheries was not effective due to a number of reasons: unresolved personnel problems, the large territorial expanses of sanitary areas with a lack of vehicles for sanitary doctors, the difficulties of bureaucratic interaction between the Department of Fisheries and Seal Fisheries, regional authorities and owners of the fishing business, etc. The shortcomings of the sanitary and medical services for fisheries, as well as the specific geographical location and natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan province contributed to the wide spread of various epidemic diseases. Due to the lack of the public free healthcare system and qualified medical personnel, there emerged infectious diseases, which led to high mortality among fishery workers.

Background: For the potential benefits of trials to reach all that they should, trials must be designed to ensure that those taking part reflect the population who will receive the intervention. However, adults with impaired capacity to consent are frequently excluded from trials — partly because researchers are unfamiliar with the legal and ethical frameworks and lack the necessary methodological expertise. Researchers identified a need for guidance on designing more inclusive trials. Building on the NIHR INCLUDE initiative, we developed the INCLUDE Impaired Capacity to Consent Framework to help researchers design inclusive trials. Methods: The framework was developed over five phases: (1) establishing the scope and content of the framework and adapting the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework for this population; (2) scoping the relevance of the framework to different populations and piloting in a range of trials; (3) consulting people living with impairing conditions and carers to explore their views about the framework and identify missing content areas; (4) refining the framework; and (5) the development of an implementation toolkit of resources to support researchers using the framework. Results: The framework has two parts: a set of four key questions to help researchers identify who should be included in their trial, and a series of worksheets covering intervention design, recruitment and consent processes, data collection and analysis, and public involvement and dissemination. It is supported by a summary of the ethical and legal frameworks and a website of resources on capacity and consent. Implementation resources include infographics and animations, a library of completed frameworks, and facilitated workshops for researchers. The framework and toolkit were launched at a webinar (November 2022), with polling demonstrating an increase in attendees' awareness about research involving adults lacking capacity. A post-webinar survey found that stakeholders viewed the framework and toolkit as valuable tools to facilitate greater inclusion of this under-served population in trials. The framework is available online: https://www.capacityconsentresearch.com/include-impaired-capacity-to-consent-framework.html. Conclusions: The INCLUDE Impaired Capacity to Consent Framework and implementation toolkit can support researchers to design more inclusive trials and other types of research studies. Further engagement, including with funders who are key to ensuring uptake, and evaluation is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN THE SITUATION WHERE THE DIVORCE IS PRONOUNCED DUE TO THE EXCLUSIVE FAULT OF THE DEFENDANT SPOUSE, THE PLAINTIFF SPOUSE CAN ACCESS A COMPENSATORY BENEFIT THAT COMPENSATES, AS FAR AS POSSIBLE, A SIGNIFICANT IMBALANCE THAT THE DIVORCE WOULD CAUSE IN THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE REQUESTING PARTY. THE COMPENSATORY BENEFIT CAN ONLY BE GRANTED IF THE MARRIAGE LASTED AT LEAST 20 YEARS [ART. 390 PARA. (1) AND (2) CIVIL CODE]. THE ARTICLE PRESENTS THE CONDITIONS OF THE COMPENSATORY BENEFIT, ITS ESTABLISHMENT, FORM, GUARANTEES FOR ITS EXECUTION, MODIFICATION AND TERMINATION. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents basic indicators for care management in Venezuela, based on the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI). These indicators focus on the demographic structure of households, the presence of children and elderly people, and the distribution of households according to different indicators. An increase in the demographic dependency ratio is observed, especially in old age, due to the migratory process and the decrease in the young population. There is also a decrease in the percentage of households receiving remittances and a decrease in the coverage of the School Feeding Program. [Extracted from the article]

The dismantling of the social function of national States, the global expansion of democracy and the broad levels of citizen discontent due to the conditions of poverty, inequality and violence, force us to rethink the contributions of the Social Sciences. Based on three working hypotheses, the same number of questions are addressed about the function of democracy with respect to the global economy; the origins and consequences of tension with capitalism; and the organization of contemporary societies to limit and/or modify the actions of the State. The methodological approach is built from a review of specialized literature, a qualitative analysis of perception studies and documentary analysis. The perspective of the study points towards the design of a research agenda where societies, in addition to improving their living conditions, demand the transformation of hierarchical relationships to horizontal links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing importance attributed to the environment and sustainability reflects a global development scenario considered "unsustainable". The ecofeminist theory presents itself as an instrument of contribution to sustainability, which aims at equality, the defense of the environment and the improvement of living conditions. However, the role of women in this context is underestimated. Thus, the research problem presented arises: can ecofeminism boost sustainable development? The hypothesis is that women are becoming protagonists in the environmental protection scenario, highlighting the relevance of the ecofeminist movement for environmental preservation and sustainable development, despite the gap in Brazilian legislation. It is concluded that ecofeminism is vital for sustainable development, but that Brazilian legislation does not adequately recognize ecofeminism nor include women in environmental debates. The deductive method and bibliographical research were used, with an emphasis on doctrine and legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the living and teaching work conditions of rural teachers during the time of the COVID19 pandemic in our country. Some results of a completed research project called "Rural education and education of youth and adults in the province of La Rioja" are included. A case study in the Chilecito Department" with a workplace in the Department of Education and Health Sciences, National University of Chilecito between 2019 and 2022. This research aimed to know the characteristics of educational practices in rural education and of young people and adults in the province of La Rioja, particularly in the Chilecito Department. We understand that in the configuration of these practices, the policies intended for these modalities of the educational system are woven in light of the institutional configurations and the trajectories of the subjects involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study is to establish a culture of change among small business entrepreneurs, specifically those assigned to the Mata a la Olla program of the Provincial Decentralized Autonomous Government of Cotopaxi. To achieve this, specific objectives are proposed such as identifying the causes of the lack of financial education, determining effective mechanisms to generate financial culture, and developing a personalized financial guide. The methodology used integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches. Surveys are carried out on all 92 entrepreneurs without using sampling, to collect quantifiable information. In addition, an exhaustive bibliographic review and field research are carried out to understand the reality of entrepreneurs. The research results offer a detailed view of entrepreneurs' perceptions, needs and preferences regarding financial education and business support. Quantitative data expressed in percentages are used to analyze the lack of financial education and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed financial model. The lack of financial education among entrepreneurs highlights the need to implement effective strategies. The results offer a detailed view of the financial dynamics of entrepreneurs, enabling the design of more effective strategies to strengthen their business skills and improve their living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of mandibular bone using CBCT images in archeological populations that inhabited Croatia from the medieval to the Early Modern Period. A total of 88 human skulls (45 male and 43 female) from three samples (pre-Ottoman (N = 27), Ottoman (N = 32), and Vlach (N = 29)) were analyzed by using CBCT. The mental index, gonion index, antegonion index, panoramic mandibular index, degree of resorption of the alveolar ridge, and cortical index of the mandible were evaluated using the OnDemand3DApp. The results showed an expected higher value of cortex thickness in males when compared to females. Females in the younger groups had higher values of cortical thickness than those in the older age group. The Ottoman sample had significantly lower values of mandibular indices than the other two samples. There were no age-related differences in bone thickness in males, suggesting that hormonal changes have a stronger influence in females. Lower values of mandibular indices in the Ottoman sample may be an indicator of specific factors that influenced this population. Our study of bone changes in archeological populations with different living conditions may contribute to a better understanding of impact of biocultural factors on physiological and pathological processes, which are extremely complex in bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population ageing will test social protection systems that must face complex aspects to sustain life quality of old persons. The objective of this article is to describe some research from academic institutions on life quality during the pandemic and post-pandemic (2020-21) in Argentina. The theoretical framework is based on different concepts of life quality with contributions from different disciplines to enrich its multidimensionality. Methodology: secondary and primary sources --documents, stadistics, virtual survey on quality of life. Conclusion: The scenario generated had a significant impact on daily life, health care and care, breaching the rights of old persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To learn from the viewpoint of rainfed bean producers in northern Mexico about their socioeconomic dynamics and to identify the factors that affect their vulnerability, taking the Llanos region in the State of Durango as a reference. Methodology: The research was approached from a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method, employing the in-depth interview technique, the informants were men and women dedicated to bean production. Results: From the analysis of the interviews, the following five categories related to peasant vulnerability in the Durango plains were generated: low profitability, socio-productive fragility, modifications in the social structure, lack of opportunities for better living conditions and government participation, of which socio-productive fragility emerged as the central phenomenological category. Limitations: Low participation of peasant women in contrast to the number of male informants. Conclusions: The socioeconomic dynamics followed by the peasantry of the Llanos de Durango throughout its history is a multifactorial phenomenon that has resulted in a series of conditions that pose a threat to the main livelihood of rural communities in the region, which could negatively influence in the long term the supply of staple foods such as beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence, with the aim of inserting the user in to virtual world so that they can experience the symptoms of a person with Schizophrenia. The project involves a series of tasks that the individual needs to perform under the effects of the disease, such as visual and auditory hallucinations. There Is An Interactive Narrative Linked To The interface, increasing immersion. The study was with nursing students at the University of Malta with the aim increasing empathy for people living with the condition, thus extending their understanding of the disc order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the following research was to identify the presence of resilience as a reaction mechanism to face forced displacement in three women, victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. For the analysis of the information, a qualitative methodology was used. The data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, to get to know the ways in which three women, victims of forced displacement, faced this situation. The obtained testimonies brought to light the abilities that some people in conditions of displacement gain and use to overcome their circumstances of arrival to a new place, starting with accepting family ruptures, facing previously unlived work situations, finding the ways to start over and develop new skills that empower them in their new social environment. That means dedicating themselves to start life projects that allow them to overcome their now precarious living conditions. It was identified that the projects that were developed by them, even though they were related to their survival, they also go beyond and allow a glimpse to both their will to overcome the situation and the confidence in their own abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims (1) to investigate whether immigrants in the Norwegian population and their descendants differ in their feelings of being socially excluded from society compared with others born in Norway ('natives'), and (2) to test empirically whether these differences reflect differences in human and economic capital (i.e., education, work, income, and material deprivation) and factors related to minority/majority issues, such as citizenship. The data were drawn from the Norwegian part of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey. The results show that immigrants—especially from Asia, Africa, Latin America, Oceania, non‐EU European countries, and descendants of immigrants—feel more socially excluded than natives. For immigrants from Africa, Asia, et al., and Europe other countries, human and economic capital are linked to these differences. Immigrants from Europe other countries did not differ from natives when adjusting for education and work. Differences between natives and immigrants from Africa, Asia, et al. and descendants of immigrants remained even after controlling for various factors. The study indicates that immigrants from outside the Nordic countries with secondary education feel socially excluded to a higher degree than other immigrants. One reason could be that they may have skills not recognised in the Norwegian labour market. The study also finds that immigrants with Norwegian citizenship feel less excluded from society than other immigrants. Length of stay and social recognition are possible explanations for these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work aims to understand the dynamics of pendulum displacement in border areas. To do so, it outlines a theoretical discussion about spatial movements and mobility. Then, seeks to understand the characteristics of displacements around three important motivators: work, education and health. It was found that the displacements arising from the search for work, education and health are related to their absence in the place of origin, in addition to exchange rates aspects, precariousness of services and the search for better living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]