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152. Observed and Modeled Urban Heat Island and Sea-Breeze Circulation Interactions: A Shanghai Case Study

Author

Hu, Yan, Tan, Jianguo, Grimmond, Sue, Ao, Xiangyu, Yan, Yafei, and Liu, Dongwei

Subjects
Atmospheric Science
Abstract

Urban heat island (UHI) and sea–land-breeze systems are well-known and important characteristics of the climate of coastal cities. To model these, the accurate estimation of the surface energy balance (SEB) is a key factor needed to improve local-scale simulations of thermodynamic and dynamic boundary circulations. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with a single-layer urban canopy model (WRF/SLUCM), with parameters derived from MODIS and local GIS information, is used to investigate the UHI and sea-breeze circulations (SBC) in the megacity of Shanghai. The WRF/SLUCM can reproduce observed urban radiation and SEB fluxes, near-surface meteorological variables, and the evolution of the UHI and SBC. Simulations for an August period show the maximum UHI tends to drift northwest in the afternoon, driven by the prevailing southeast wind. The sea breeze lasts for about 4 h and is strongest between 1200 and 1400 local time (UTC + 8 h). The interaction between UHI and SBC is evident with low-level convergence, upward motion, and moisture transport from the sea and urban breezes simulated. An urban circulation (horizontal/vertical/time scales: ∼20 km/∼1.5 km/∼3 h) with thermal vertical motions (∼1.5 m s−1) above the urban area and an SBC (horizontal/vertical/time scales: 6–7 km/∼1 km/2–3-h) above the northern coastal suburb occur. Combined the sea breeze and southerly winds form a low-level wind shear (convergence zone) ∼5 km from the coast that penetrates ∼20 km inland to the urban center. Using the WRF/SLUCM simulations we improve understanding of the complex spatial dynamics of summertime urban heating in coastal megacities, such as Shanghai.

Published
2022
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153. Additional file 1 of Integrated analysis of RNA methylation regulators crosstalk and immune infiltration for predictive and personalized therapy of diabetic nephropathy

Author

Li, Jia, Liu, Dongwei, Ren, Jingjing, Li, Guangpu, Zhao, Zihao, Zhao, Huanhuan, Yan, Qianqian, Duan, Jiayu, and Liu, Zhangsuo

Abstract

Additional file 1. Figure S1. Batch normalization of four datasets to remove batch effects. Figure S2. Immune microenvironment characteristics in diabetic nephropathy. Figure S3. Unsupervised clustering of 52 RNA methylation regulatory genes in the meta-GEO cohort. Figure S4. Immune characteristics between high- and low-risk groups.

Published
2023
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155. Microbial denitrification dominates nitrate losses from forest ecosystems

Author

Fang, Yunting, Koba, Keisuke, Makabe, Akiko, Takahashi, Chieko, Zhu, Weixing, Hayashi, Takahiro, Hokari, Azusa A., Urakawa, Rieko, Bai, Edith, Houlton, Benjamin Z., Xi, Dan, Zhang, Shasha, Matsushita, Kayo, Tu, Ying, Liu, Dongwei, Zhu, Feifei, Wang, Zhenyu, Zhou, Guoyi, Chen, Dexiang, Makita, Tomoko, Toda, Hiroto, Liu, Xueyan, Chen, Quansheng, Zhang, Deqiang, Li, Yide, and Yoh, Muneoki

Published
2015

171. Cryo-EM structure of the human IgM B cell receptor

Author

Su, Qiang, primary, Chen, Mengying, additional, Shi, Yan, additional, Zhang, Xiaofeng, additional, Huang, Gaoxingyu, additional, Huang, Bangdong, additional, Liu, Dongwei, additional, Liu, Zhangsuo, additional, and Shi, Yigong, additional

Published
2022
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172. A strong temperature dependence of soil nitric oxide emission from a temperate forest in Northeast China

Author

Huang, Kai, primary, Su, Chenxia, additional, Liu, Dongwei, additional, Duan, Yihang, additional, Kang, Ronghua, additional, Yu, Haoming, additional, Liu, Yuqi, additional, Li, Xue, additional, Gurmesa, Geshere Abdisa, additional, Quan, Zhi, additional, Christiansen, Jesper Riis, additional, Zhu, Weixing, additional, and Fang, Yunting, additional

Published
2022
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174. Design and performance of an ecosystem‐scale forest soil warming experiment with infrared heater arrays

Author

Duan, Yihang, primary, Liu, Dongwei, additional, Huang, Kai, additional, Shou, Wenkai, additional, Zhu, Feifei, additional, Liu, Yuqi, additional, Yu, Haoming, additional, Gundersen, Per, additional, Kang, Ronghua, additional, Wang, Ang, additional, Han, Shijie, additional, Wang, Zhiming, additional, Zhu, Jiaojun, additional, Zhu, Weixing, additional, and Fang, Yunting, additional

Published
2022
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175. Determining the influence of high glucose on exosomal lncRNAs, mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs derived from human renal tubular epithelial cells

Author

Sijie Zhou, Zhangsuo Liu, Xing Guolan, Liu Dongwei, Jiuyuan Fang, Mingyang Hu, and Pan Shaokang

Subjects
Aging, human renal tubular epithelial cells, Biology, Exosomes, Exosome, Cell Line, Diabetic nephropathy, lncRNA, microRNA, medicine, Humans, exosome, Diabetic Nephropathies, Gene Regulatory Networks, circRNA, KEGG, Gene, miRNA, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Microvesicles, Cell biology, Glucose, Kidney Tubules, RNA, Transcriptome, Function (biology), Research Paper, Kidney disease
Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a lethal disease that can lead to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Exosomes, which are nanosized extracellular vesicles, are closely involved in intercellular communication. Most importantly, exosomes play critical roles in disease occurrence and development. However, the function of exosomes in diabetic nephropathy progression has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we determined the expression profiles and differences of lncRNAs, mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs in exosomes derived from human renal tubular epithelial cells with or without high glucose (HG) treatment. A total of 169 lncRNAs, 885 mRNAs, 3 circRNAs and 152 miRNAs were differentially expressed in exosomes secreted by HG-challenged HK-2 cells (HG group) compared with controls (NC group). The functions of differentially expressed mRNAs, mRNAs colocalized or coexpressed with differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), potential target genes of miRNAs and source genes of circRNAs were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. According to these differentially expressed RNAs, we established an integrated circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. In conclusion, our study suggested that exosomal lncRNAs, mRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs participate in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and may be possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy.

Published
2021
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176. A strong temperature dependence of soil nitric oxide emission from a temperate forest in Northeast China

Author

Huang, Kai, Su, Chenxia, Liu, Dongwei, Duan, Yihang, Kang, Ronghua, Yu, Haoming, Liu, Yuqi, Li, Xue, Gurmesa, Geshere Abdisa, Quan, Zhi, Christiansen, Jesper Riis, Zhu, Weixing, Fang, Yunting, Huang, Kai, Su, Chenxia, Liu, Dongwei, Duan, Yihang, Kang, Ronghua, Yu, Haoming, Liu, Yuqi, Li, Xue, Gurmesa, Geshere Abdisa, Quan, Zhi, Christiansen, Jesper Riis, Zhu, Weixing, and Fang, Yunting

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive trace gas affecting atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Although forest soils have been recognized as an important source of atmospheric NO, there are large uncertainties in global forest soil NO emission inventories (ranged from 0.03 to 8.00 kg N ha(-1), averaged 1.34 +/- 0.28 kg N ha(-1)), partly due to the paucity of high-frequency monitoring from unmanaged forests. In this study, we used an automated sampling system to measure NO fluxes with a high temporal resolution over two years (daily measurements from January 2019 to December 2020) in a mixed forest in Northeast China. We found that the mean annual NO emission was 0.42 +/- 0.04 kg N ha(-1), being 31% of the global forest average. The contribution of NO emission during the growing season was 92% of the yearly NO flux. Soil temperature was the most important edaphic factor in regulating NO emission, explaining 90-92% of the seasonal variation. The apparent temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) of NO flux was 3.67. In the growing season, NO emission was also influenced by soil moisture, with optimum soil moisture of 37% WFPS. By providing a detailed measurement of diurnal, seasonal, and annual dynamics of NO emissions and their environmental controls from forest soils, our data are useful to develop more accurate biogeochemical models that will improve upscaled global NO budgets.

Published
2022

177. Design and performance of an ecosystem-scale forest soil warming experiment with infrared heater arrays

Author

Duan, Yihang, Liu, Dongwei, Huang, Kai, Shou, Wenkai, Zhu, Feifei, Liu, Yuqi, Yu, Haoming, Gundersen, Per, Kang, Ronghua, Wang, Ang, Han, Shijie, Wang, Zhiming, Zhu, Jiaojun, Zhu, Weixing, Fang, Yunting, Duan, Yihang, Liu, Dongwei, Huang, Kai, Shou, Wenkai, Zhu, Feifei, Liu, Yuqi, Yu, Haoming, Gundersen, Per, Kang, Ronghua, Wang, Ang, Han, Shijie, Wang, Zhiming, Zhu, Jiaojun, Zhu, Weixing, and Fang, Yunting

Abstract

How forest ecosystems respond to climate warming will determine forest trajectories over the next 100 years. However, the potential effects of elevated temperature on forests remain unclear, primarily because of the absence of long-term and large-size field warming experiments in forests, especially in Asia. Here, we present the design and performance of an ecosystem-scale warming experiment using infrared (IR) heater arrays in a 60-year-old temperate mixed forest at Qingyuan Forest CERN in northeastern China. In paired 108 m2 plots (n = 3), the surface soils were constantly elevated 2°C above control plots with a feedback control system over 4 years (2018–2021). Subsoils down to 60 cm depth were warmed 1.2–2°C. Soil warming did not significantly affect soil moisture either in surface soils or in subsoils. Turn-off time due to weather extremes (heavy rains, snow) and power outages only accounted for 2.5% of the total warming period. In conclusion, we provide a proof-of-principle setup that allows long-term analysis of forest response to warming temperatures in large-size field plots. Importantly, our warming experiment demonstrated the feasibility of IR heater arrays for soil warming in tall-statured forest ecosystems.

Published
2022

189. Universal temperature sensitivity of denitrification nitrogen losses in forest soils

Author

Yu, Haoming, Duan, Yihang, Mulder, Jan, Dörsch, Peter, Zhu, Weixing, Xu-Ri, Huang, Kai, Zheng, Zhoutao, Kang, Ronghua, Wang, Chao, Quan, Zhi, Zhu, Feifei, Liu, Dongwei, Peng, Shushi, Han, Shijie, Zhang, Yangjian, and Fang, Yunting

Abstract

Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions from denitrification are crucial to the nitrogen (N) cycle. However, the temperature sensitivities (Q10) of gaseous N losses in forest soils are poorly understood, with implications for prediction of N cycle responses to warming. Here, we quantify temperature sensitivities of denitrification-derived potential N2O and N2production. Using soils from 18 forest sites in China along a 4,000 km north–south transect we find that N2O and N2production rates increased with temperature, with large variations across soils. In contrast, the Q10values for N2O (2.1 ± 0.5) and N2(2.6 ± 0.6) were similar across soils. N2was more sensitive to temperature than N2O, suggesting that warming could promote complete denitrification. Moreover, the Q10for denitrification (2.3 ± 0.5) was comparable to Q10for aquatic sediments. This finding of universal temperature sensitivity of gaseous N losses from denitrification will facilitate modelling N losses in response to warming globally.

Published
2023
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195. N2O emission associated with shifts of bacterial communities in riparian wetland during the spring thawing periods.

Author

Cao, Xiaoai, Liu, Huamin, Liu, Yang, Jing, Jin, Wen, Lu, Xu, Zhichao, Liu, Xuhua, Liu, Dongwei, Zhuo, Yi, and Wang, Lixin

Subjects
WETLAND soils, SPRING, BACTERIAL communities, GREENHOUSE gases, THAWING, SOIL microbial ecology, SOIL moisture, BACTERIAL diversity
Abstract

Soil freeze–thaw processes lead to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and exacerbate the greenhouse effect. The wetlands of the Inner Mongolia Plateau are in the pronounced seasonal freeze–thaw zone, but the effect of spring thaw on N2O emissions and related microbial mechanisms is still unclear. We investigated the effects of different periods (freeze, freeze–thaw, and thaw) on soil bacterial community diversity and composition and greenhouse gas emissions during the spring freeze–thaw in the XiLin River riparian wetlands in China by amplicon sequencing and static dark box methods. The results showed that the freeze–thaw periods predominantly impact on the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities. The phyla composition of the soil bacteria communities of the three periods is similar in level, with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria dominating the microbial communities. The alpha‐diversity of bacterial communities in different periods varies that the freezing period is higher than that of the freeze–thaw period (p <.05). Soil total carbon, soil water content, and microbial biomass carbon were the primary factors regulating the abundance and compositions of the bacterial communities during spring thawing periods. Based on functional predictions, the relative abundance of nitrification and denitrification genes was higher in the freezing period than in the thawing period, while the abundance was lowest in the freeze–thawing period. The correlation results found that N2O emissions were significantly correlated with amoA and amoB in nitrification genes, indicating that nitrification may be the main process of N2O production during spring thaw. This study reveals potential microbial mechanisms of N2O emission during spring thaw and provides data support and theoretical basis for further insight into the mechanism of N2O emission during spring thaw. This study highlights the difference in soil bacterial communities and N cycle functional genes in different spring thawing periods, and the microbial mechanism of N2O during the spring thaw, which is helpful to better understand the microbial process of N2O emission under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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196. Effects of plant communities on the emission of soil greenhouse gases in riparian wetlands during spring thaw.

Author

Cao, Xiaoai, Tang, Shiming, Liu, Huamin, Wen, Lu, Kou, Xin, Yu, Xiaowen, Wang, Qi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Dongwei, Zhuo, Yi, and Wang, Lixin

Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases, PLANT communities, SPRING, SOIL moisture, CLIMATE change, RIPARIAN areas, WETLANDS
Abstract

Spring thawing can affect the soil carbon and nitrogen cycling processes and lead to changes in the emissions of greenhouse gases. The temporal variations and impact factors of soil GHGs fluxes were measured in Phragmites australis and Carex appendiculata with the static chamber from the end of March to the end of May in 2018 in riparian wetlands of Xilin River, which is typical inland river meandering through steppe region in Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that soil CH4 and N2O emissions of the P. australis were significantly higher than those of the Carex appendiculata, whereas CO2 emissions were no significant difference. The responses of soil GHG fluxes to soil environmental factors in P. australis and Carex appendiculata differed. In the P. australis community, soil CO2 and CH4 emissions were influenced jointly by mainly the soil temperature and microbial biomass nitrogen, whereas soil N2O emission was mainly affected by the soil temperature. The dominant controlling factor for CO2 and N2O was soil temperature in the Carex appendiculata, whereas CH4 was mainly regulated by soil water content. The global warming potential of P. australis was significantly higher than that of Carex appendiculata. Those findings highlight the difference in soil greenhouse gas fluxes in different plant communities and the importance of CH4 and N2O emissions during the spring thaw, which contributes to predicting the riparian wetland soil greenhouse gases and their global warming potential under global climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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