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Ship classification is an important technique for enhancing maritime management and security. Visible and infrared sensors are generally employed to deal with the challenging problem and improve classification performance. Herein, a two‐branch feature fusion neural network structure is proposed to classify the visible and infrared maritime vessel images simultaneously. Specifically, in this two‐branch neural network, one branch is based on a deep convolutional neural network that is used to extract the visible image features, while the other is a hybrid network structure that is a multi‐scale patch embedding network called MPANet. The sub‐network MPANet can extract fine‐ and coarse‐grained features, in which the pooling operation instead of the multi‐head attention mechanism is utilized to reduce memory consumption. When there are infrared images, it is used to extract the infrared image features, otherwise, this branch is also utilized to extract visible image features. Therefore, this dual network is suitable with or without infrared images. The experimental results on the visible and infrared spectrums (VAIS) dataset demonstrate that the introduced network achieves state‐of‐the‐art ship classification performance on visible images and paired visible and infrared ship images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervention mapping (IM) is a planning approach that reflects the intricate decision-making process involved in the design of behavior interventions. The development and implementation of IM is complex in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission. Therefore, it is significant to conduct a perfect preliminary work to successfully implement HIV/AIDS prevention. The objectives of this review were to collect and evaluate the data of the first three steps using IM to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission, and summarize the key points in the preliminary steps of IM. A total of 18 studies were identified, and six studies completely described the tasks in the first three steps of IM. Three studies described the logic model of the problem (n = 3). Six studies reported the matrix of behavior changes (n = 6), including personal and environmental determinants. Among the selected determinants, most studies reported the personal level determinants (self-efficacy and skills, knowledge, attitudes, and norms). The most used practical applications in reducing HIV/AIDS risk behaviors were video roles (n = 8) and role-model stories (n = 5). The review may be helpful for healthcare professionals to carefully design and implement the key procedures of the first three steps of the IM programs for people with HIV/AIDS in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) is a major threat to buried pipelines. The crevices beneath disbonded coatings provide the environment for the survival and growth of SRB, accelerating the attachment of SRB and significantly reducing the effectiveness of buried pipelines. In this work, the influence of initial pH values (6.4, 8.0) and SRB concentrations (2.0 × 101, 4.5 × 102, 2.5 × 103 cells/mL) were investigated on the behaviors of L415 carbon steel. The results indicated that the overall uniform corrosion rate of L415 carbon steel decreased while the maximum pitting corrosion rate exhibited an increasing trend with the increasing of initial concentration of SRB. In comparison to the pH 6.4 environment, the overall risk of pitting corrosion in pH 8.0 environment was reduced due to the biomineralization of SRB, enhancing the protection of metal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 composite catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method, and their performance in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) was studied. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 composite system has good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange. Under simulated sunlight conditions, the degradation rate can reach 94% after 30 min. The maximum reaction rate constant of 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 was 0.05301 min−1, which is 3 times and 52 times the rate constant of pure Ag3PO4 and pure ZnCo2O4, respectively. In catalyst recycling experiments, 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 still degraded methyl orange at a rate of 84.4% after three cycles. Trapping experiments showed that holes and superoxide radicals mostly contributed to the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by the catalyst, while hydroxyl radicals played a partial role. The energy level structure of ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 is conducive to the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving the lifespan of photogenerated charges. In the investigated catalyst series, 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 demonstrated the best photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Guangzhou and provide a scientific basis for dengue fever prevention and control. Methods The data of dengue cases in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province reported between 2019 and 2023, were retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Cross-sectional analysis was used to describe the temporal, spatial, and demographic distribution, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 3 518 cases of dengue fever were reported in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2023, including 3 101 local cases (88.15%) and 417 imported cases (11.85%). The annual average incidence rate ranged from 0.09 to 17.59 per 100 000 population. Imported dengue fever cases were reported in all months, with the peak reported from May to November (374 cases, 89.69%). Local cases were first reported in May and the last in December, with the highest incidence from August to November (2 960 cases, 95.45%). The cases were reported in all 11 administrative districts; the top three were Baiyun District, Yuexiu District, and Liwan District. Male and female cases accounted for 53.52% and 46.48%, respectively; the age group mainly concentrated between 20-<60 years (2 547 cases, 72.40%). The top three occupations were business services (784 cases), housework and unemployment (738 cases), and retirees (596 cases). The average time from onset to diagnosis for local cases was 4.06 days, and 4.60 days for imported cases. The overseas imported cases mainly came from Southeast Asia 88.10%(311/353), with the most being imported from Cambodia. Cases imported from other provinces mainly came from Yunnan Province, and cases imported from other cities within the province mainly came from Foshan City. Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of dengue fever in Guangzhou has remained at a high level, with obvious imported and seasonal characteristics. Relevant departments should pay attention to key populations and take effective measures to reduce the density of mosquito vectors, and strictly prevent the spread of dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing eutrophication requires a deep understanding of nutrient sources and migration processes. The Guanshan River in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was selected as a typical agricultural basin. River water, sediment, and soil samples were collected to determine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents and forms. Multivariate statistical analysis, buffer analysis, and extreme gradient boosting regression (XGBoost) were used to investigate the nutrient sources, the sources' scale effects, and migration. The results showed that the exogenous sources of river nutrients were fertilizer (provided phosphate (PO4-P) and ammonium (NH4-N)), domestic wastewater (provided nitrate (NO3-N) and organic nitrogen), and natural soil and rock leaching (provided PO4-P and organic phosphorus). Fertilization within 300–1200 m and domestic wastewater discharge within 150 m of the river affected the contents of the river nutrients significantly (with R ranging between 0.40 and 0.73, p ≤ 0.01). The sediment was the N source and P sink of the overlying water. With NH4-N/PO4-P compound fertilization, the NO3-N and calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) exhibited co-enrichment. Appropriately increasing NH4-N application could stimulate P biological uptake, thus inhibiting P emigration from agricultural soil under N-limited states. In conclusion, this study effectively recognized river nutrient sources and their scale impacts and also explored more effective fertilization strategies, which are beneficial for the optimized management of agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elymus sibiricus plays a crucial role in ecological protection and animal husbandry. However, after many years of growth, the biomass of E. sibiricus decreases, and the plants degrade. Moreover, there is no good solution to the problem of degradation of Elymus sibiricus; the addition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers is the primary measure of cultivation management to improve yield, so it is crucial to find the appropriate level of fertilization. This study performed a two-factor split-plot experiment, including four levels of N (0, 45, 60, and 75 kg·hm−2) and four levels of P (0, 60, 75, and 90 kg·hm−2), to investigate the effect of N and P fertilizers on yield, yield components, and photosynthesis characteristics of E. sibiricus. The results showed that the forage yield in 2017 was higher than in 2018. The forage yield in 2017 was highest at N75P0 with a value of 29,926 kg·hm−2, and in 2018 it was highest at N45P0 and N75P0 with a value of 12,266 kg·hm−2 and 12,233 kg·hm−2, respectively, which demonstrates the large impact of year effects on the forage yield. All traits increased with the increase in N and P fertilizer application, but with excess fertilizer application, the photosynthesis was limited, leading to a slowdown in growth and a decrease in yield. In addition, under adequate N fertilization, the role of P fertilization was not significant (p > 0.05). N, P, and N × P can significantly (p < 0.05) affect the yield traits and forage yield of E. sibiricus. According to the PCA, it is clear that N fertilizer has the largest effect, and the growth capacity of degraded E. sibiricus grassland can be restored by adding 75 kg·hm−2 of nitrogen fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has shown diverse potential in preventing intestinal damage in piglet diarrhea induced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. However, the protective effect of TA on ETEC k88 infection‐induced post‐weaning diarrhea and its potential mechanism has not been well elucidated. Therefore, an animal trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with TA on the intestinal diarrhea of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells were used as an in vitro model to explore the mechanism through which TA alleviates intestinal oxidative damage and inflammation. RESULTS: The results indicated that TA supplementation (2 and 4 g kg−1) reduced diarrhea rate, enzyme activity (diamine oxidase [DAO] and Malondialdehyde [MAD]) and serum inflammatory cytokines concentration (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) (P < 0.05) compared to the Infection group (IG), group in vivo. In vitro, TA treatment effectively alleviated ETEC‐induced cytotoxicity, increased the expression of ZO‐1, occludin and claudin‐1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, TA pre‐treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as T‐SOD) and decreased serum cytokine levels (TNF‐α and IL‐1β). Furthermore, TA increased cellular antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and decreased inflammatory response by down‐regulating the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF‐kB and NLRP3. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that TA reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by restoring the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier function, alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. The underlying mechanism was achieved by modulating the p62‐keap1‐Nrf2 and TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NLRP3 pathway. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]