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Ionic liquid desulfurization is an effective method for achieving green and circulating desulfurization. To overcome the negative impact of the high viscosity of ionic liquids on the desulfurization process, an economical and efficient supported ionic liquid-triethanolamine acetate ionic liquid/silica (TAIL/SiO 2 ) was prepared in this study. TAIL is synthesized using triethanolamine and acetic acid and subsequently loaded onto silica gel particles. The effects of the reaction temperature, humidity, silica particle size, and loading ratio on SO 2 adsorption are investigated using a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicate that the surface of the silica gel loaded with ionic liquid formed uneven spherical clusters, and the aggregate volume increased with an increase in the loading ratio. The TAIL/SiO 2 sulfur capacity could be effectively increased by increasing the loading ratio (exceeding 0.74 is unfavorable), decreasing the silica particle size, and reducing the reaction temperature and moisture content. The maximum sulfur capacity can reach 124.98 mg SO 2 /(g TAIL/SiO 2 ) under experimental conditions, which is higher than that of activated carbon. The Bangham rate model effectively predicts the kinetics of the adsorption process of SO 2 ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Pedicle screws are widely used in fusion surgery, while screw loosening often occurrs. An auxetic structures based pedicle screw was proposed to improve the bone-screw fixation by radial expansion of the screw body under tensile force to resist pulling out. It was optimized to obtain excellent anti-pullout ability for a particular bone based on the biomechanical interaction between screw and surrounding bone., Methods: The screw was designed based on re-entrant unit cells. The mechanical properties of it were adjusted by the wall thickness (t) and re-entrant angle (θ) of the unit cell, and characterized using finite element (FE) method. The designed screws were manufactured using 3D-printing, and Ti6Al4V as the materials. Subsequently, the pullout FE models were established, and verified by pulling the fabricated screws out of Sawbone blocks. The pulling out processes of screws from bone were simulated to explore the optimizing design of the screw., Results: The mechanical properties of the screw could be adjusted in a wide range. The biomechanical interaction between the screw and bone can affect the anti-pullout performance of the screw. With an identical elastic modulus (E), better auxiticity of the screw, resulted in a better anti-pullout performance; while an appropriate E is the necessary condition for its excellent anti-pullout performance for a particular bone., Conclusion: Appropriate mechanical properties are necessary for the auxetic pedicle screw with excellent screw-bone fixation performance for a particular bone, which can be obtained by rationally designing the wall thickness and re-entrant angle of the unit cells., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Silica nanopores have electron channels and ion channels interpenetrating each other, which prompt the use of this structure for creating efficient electronic devices. In this study, silica nanopores membrane modified screen printed electrodes were applied in a smartphone-based electrochemiluminescence system for nitroaromatic explosives detection. Universal serial bus-on the go (USB-OTG) and camera on smartphone were used as the electrical stimulation and luminescence capture, respectively. ⎕Multimode methods including (red-green-blue) RGB, (hue-saturation-brightness) HSB, and Gray were proposed for luminescence analysis. Specific polypeptides were immobilized on the nanopores modified electrodes for nitroaromatic explosives sensing. With positive-charged tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) as electrochemiluminescence label, the increase in luminescence was associated with the selective ion channels and the well-conductive electron channels in the negative-charged nanopores. Besides, on account of the large specific surface area, nanopores modified screen printed electrodes showed stable and uniform luminescence. Results showed that the nanopores-enhanced electrochemiluminescence on smartphone covered a linear dynamic range from 10 -7 mg/mL to 10 -3 mg/mL for nitroaromatic explosives detection with the detection limit of 2.3 × 10 -9 mg/mL. Therefore, high-efficient photo-electricity conversion capabilities of nanopores made it a kind of promising platform for sensitive and stable electrochemiluminescence. Furthermore, smartphone-based electrochemiluminescence with disposable screen printed electrodes could facilitate the mobile monitoring of biochemical analytes in the fields of environment, security, and health., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced charge separation were concentrated on the metal nanoparticles surface, which made it sensitive to the surface refractive index changes during optical sensing. Similarly, electrochemical detection was based on the electron transformation on the electrode surface. Herein, we fabricated a nanochip by decorating a nanocone-array substrate with gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for dynamic electro-optical spectroscopy. Mercaptophenyl boronic acid (MPBA) was immobilized firmly on the nanochip by the metal-S bond for sensitive sialic acid sensing. Owing to the high stability of gold nanoparticles and the high sensitivity of silver nanoparticles, the nanochip showed good performance in LSPR detection with rich and high responses. Besides, the nanochip also showed sensitive electrical signals during electrochemical detection due to the excitation of the energetic charges from the nanoparticles surface to the reaction system. The dynamic electro-optical spectroscopy was based on a unique combination of LSPR and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). On the one hand, electrochemical signals activated the electrons on the nanochip to promote the propagation and resonance of surface plasmon. On the other hand, LSPR concentrated the electrons on the nanochip surface, which made the electrons easily driven to enhance the current in electrochemical detection. Results showed that mutual promotion of electrochemical-LSPR on nanochip covered a linear dynamic range from 0.05 mM to 5 mM on selective sialic acid detection with a low detection limit of 17 μM. The synchronous amplification of the electro-optical response during electrochemical-LSPR, opened up a new perspective for efficient and sensitive biochemical detection., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The dielectric properties of an active KTaO 3 hybrid metamaterial structure and its tunability under external electric fields are investigated at room temperature by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Application of the electric field leads to an appreciable tuning of the dielectric loss, which is up to 17%. Meanwhile, the refractive index also changes appreciably. These findings are attributed to the internal space charge field in the crystal caused by the excited free carriers.