425 results on '"Liu, Chi-Hung"'
Search Results
152. 33μm Core Effectively Single-Mode Chirally-Coupled-Core Fiber Laser at 1064-nm
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Swan, M. Craig, primary, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Guertin, Doug, additional, Jacobsen, Nick, additional, Tankala, Kanishka, additional, and Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional
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- 2008
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153. Medical displays by using plasma‐beam‐alignment technology
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Lee, Chin‐Yang, primary, Liu, Chi‐Hung, additional, Chen, Chih‐Wei, additional, Miki, Saodo, additional, Chen, Huang‐Ming Philip, additional, Lin, Shermann, additional, Su, Po‐Hua, additional, and Lee, Chein‐Dhau, additional
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- 2008
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154. Chirally Coupled Core Fibers at 1550-nm and 1064-nm for Effectively Single-Mode Core Size Scaling
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Liu, Chi-Hung, primary, Chang, Guoqing, additional, Litchinitser, Natasha, additional, Guertin, Doug, additional, Jacobsen, Nick, additional, Tankala, Kanishka, additional, and Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional
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- 2007
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155. 50-W Chirped-Volume-Bragg-Grating Based Fiber CPA at 1055-nm
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Chang, Guoqing, primary, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Liao, Kai-Hsiu, additional, Smirnov, Vadim, additional, Glebov, Leon, additional, and Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional
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- 2007
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156. Generation of radially polarized terahertz pulses via velocity-mismatched optical rectification
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Chang, Guoqing, primary, Divin, Charles J., additional, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Williamson, Steven L., additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, and Norris, Theodore B., additional
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- 2007
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157. Effectively Single-Mode Chirally-Coupled Core Fiber
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Liu, Chi-Hung, primary, Chang, Guoqing, additional, Litchinitser, Natasha, additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, Guertin, Doug, additional, Jabobson, Nick, additional, and Tankala, Kanishka, additional
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- 2007
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158. Radially polarized THz source employing velocity mismatched optical rectification
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Chang, Guoqing, primary, Divin, Charles J., additional, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Williamson, Steven L., additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, and Norris, Theodore B., additional
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- 2007
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159. Power scalable compact THz system based on an ultrafast Yb-doped fiber amplifier
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Chang, Guoqing, primary, Divin, Charles J., additional, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Williamson, Steven L., additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, and Norris, Theodore B., additional
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- 2006
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160. High power compact THz system based on ultrafast Yb-doped parabolic fiber amplifier
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Chang, Guoqing, primary, Divin, Charles J., additional, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, Norris, Theodore B., additional, and Williamson, Steven L., additional
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- 2006
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161. High-power single-polarization and single-transverse-mode fiber laser with an all-fiber cavity and fiber-grating stabilized spectrum
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Liu, Chi-Hung, primary, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, Khitrov, Victor, additional, Samson, Bryce, additional, Manyam, Upendra, additional, Tankala, Kanishka, additional, Machewirth, David, additional, and Heinemann, Stefan, additional
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- 2006
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162. A novel chirped pulse amplification system based on a monolithic large aperture bulk-Bragg-grating stretcher/compressor
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Liao, Kai-Hsiu, primary, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, Flecher, Emilio, additional, Smirnov, Vadim I., additional, and Glebov, Leonid B., additional
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- 2005
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163. 306W all-fiber based linearly polarized single-mode Ytterbium fiber laser
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Liu, Chi-Hung, primary, Galvanauskas, Almantas, additional, Khitrov, Victor, additional, Samson, Bryce, additional, Manyam, Upendra, additional, Tankala, Kanishka, additional, Machewirth, David, additional, and Heinemann, Stefan, additional
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- 2005
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164. Determination of naphthalenesulfonic acid isomers by large-volume on-line derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
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Liu, Chi-Hung, primary and Ding, Wang-Hsien, additional
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- 2001
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165. Plasma Treatment and Dry Etch Characteristics of Organic Low-k Dielectrics
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Wei, Ta-Chin, primary, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, Shieh, Jia-Ming, additional, Suen, Shich-Chang, additional, and Dai, Bau-Tong, additional
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- 2000
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166. Analysis of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in water by large-volume on-line derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
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Ding, Wang-Hsien, primary, Liu, Chi-Hung, additional, and Yeh, Shiow-Ping, additional
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- 2000
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167. The calculation of complexity in normal and apoplectic EEG signals
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Lin, Yue‐Der, primary, Chong, Fok‐Ching, additional, Sung, Shing‐Ming, additional, Kuo, Te‐Son, additional, and Liu, Chi‐Hung, additional
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- 1998
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168. Chamberless plasma polymerization of fluorocarbon thin films
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Huang, Chun, Liu, Chi-Hung, Hsu, Wen-Tung, and Chou, Ta-Hsin
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THIN films , *FLUOROCARBONS , *PLASMA polymerization , *PLASMA jets , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure , *RADIO frequency , *CHEMICAL structure , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Abstract: Fluorocarbon thin films were prepared and investigated using atmospheric pressure plasma jet. This atmospheric pressure plasma jet deposited fluorocarbon films without unfavorable contamination in plasma source. The atmospheric pressure plasma, generated with RF frequency power at 13.56MHz, was fed with hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) as the deposition precursor and helium as the carrier gas. After deposition, the fluorocarbon films were analyzed for chemical characteristic, elemental composition, and surface morphology. The chemical structures and surface properties of the films were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. By reason of the XPS and FTIR data, atmospheric pressure plasma deposited fluorocarbon films are similar to original aromatic ring in chemical structure. This investigation demonstrates that atmospheric pressure plasma jet affords good control over fluorocarbon film properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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169. Atmospheric-pressure plasma deposition of SiO x films for super-hydrophobic application
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Yang, Shih-Hsien, Liu, Chi-Hung, Su, Chun-Hsien, and Chen, Hui
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SILICON oxide films , *HYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *PLASMA gases , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure , *MOLECULAR self-assembly , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , *CONTACT angle - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the chemical properties and surface morphology of super-hydrophobic (SH) films deposited by self-assembled RF atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) deposition system. The O2/HMDSN (hexamethyldisilazane) and Ar serve as the deposition precursor and ionization gas, respectively. The effects of process parameters, including the oxygen flow rate and the nozzle-to-sample distance on the characteristics of SiO x films measured by FTIR, XPS, SEM and AFM are also discussed. It was found that the higher deposition rate was obtained at higher oxygen flow rate conditions. Consequently, the smooth surface was transformed into a rough surface with many particles when the nozzle-to-sample distance was decreased from 20 mm to 10 mm. The SH films (contact angle over 150° and sliding angle below 5°) were obtained when the nozzle-to-sample distance was 10 mm. A simplified deposition mechanism is proposed to explain the effect of process parameters on the films that are formed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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170. Investigation of atmospheric-pressure plasma deposited SiOx films on polymeric substrates
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Huang, Chun, Liu, Chi-Hung, Su, Chun-Hsien, Hsu, Wen-Tung, and Wu, Shin-Yi
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SILICON oxide films , *PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure , *OPTICAL properties of metallic films , *SURFACE analysis , *POLYMERS , *SUBSTRATES (Materials science) , *HARDNESS - Abstract
Abstract: The novel technique of plasma chemical vapor deposition without using vacuum chamber was investigated to deposit SiOx films on polymeric substrates through tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/Air atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) glow discharge. Depending on the proper deposition parameters, thin and smooth SiOx films on polycarbonate substrates were prepared. The atmospheric-pressure plasma deposited SiOx films obtained the desirable transparency in the visible and increased absorption in UV region. The surface characteristics of APP deposited SiOx films were examined by various surface analysis methods including FTIR, XPS, and SEM. It is shown that SiOx films exhibited low porosity and admirable hardness for optical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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171. Preparation of super-hydrophobic films using pulsed hexafluorobenzene plasma
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Yang, Shih Hsien, Liu, Chi-Hung, Hsu, Wen-Tung, and Chen, Hui
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HYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition , *THIN films , *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, super-hydrophobic films were deposited in a one-step simple process by pulsed RF C6F6 plasma, and the influence of the duty-cycle (DC) on the surface structure and chemical characteristics of depositing fluorocarbon films was examined. The deposited coatings were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Contact Angle Analyzer. It was found that by decreasing the DC from 1 to 0.1, the rough structure of the film with a lot of particles was obtained. In addition, the super-hydrophobic property was obtained on this composite fluorocarbon film. Finally, the adhesion of fluorocarbon films could be increased by deposited on the cotton fiber substrates instead of Si wafer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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172. Colchicine Use and Risks of Stroke Recurrence in Acute Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
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Liu, Chi-Hung, Lin, Yu-Sheng, Sung, Pi-Shan, Wei, Yi-Chia, Chang, Ting-Yu, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Lee, Ching-Yu, and Li, Yan-Rong
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STROKE patients , *ISCHEMIC stroke , *COLCHICINE - Abstract
Background: The objective is to study whether the cardiovascular protective effects of colchicines could be applied to non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke (IS) patients. Patients and Methods: Non-cardiogenic IS patients were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Eligible patients were divided into chronic and non-chronic use categories based on their long-term status of colchicine use. The non-chronic use category was subdivided into (1) non-user and (2) new user groups while the chronic use category was divided into (3) former user and (4) long-term user groups according to the patient's recent status of colchicine use. Inverse probability of treatment weights for propensity scores was used to balance the baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was recurrent IS, which was compared within the non-chronic use and chronic use categories. Results: In the non-chronic use category, the number of patients was 355,498 and 912 in the non-user and new user groups, respectively. In the chronic use category, the number of patients was 4737 and 4354 in the former user and long-term user groups, respectively. In the non-chronic use category, patients in the new user group had a marginally lower risk of recurrent IS at 6-months (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–0.97) and 2-years (SHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.91–0.93) follow up. In the chronic use category, patients in the long-term user group also had a marginally lower risk of recurrent IS at 6-months (SHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86–0.88) and 2-years (SHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86–0.88) follow up. The effect of colchicine on the reduced risk of recurrent IS was more favorable in patients who also used statins. Conclusions: Recent colchicine use in acute non-cardiogenic IS patients is associated with marginal fewer incidences of recurrent IS. Patients with concurrent statin use may have more profound protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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173. The Risk of Bladder Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Combination Therapy of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Pioglitazone.
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Li, Yan-Rong, Liu, Chi-Hung, Sun, Wei-Chiao, Fan, Pei-Yi, Liu, Feng-Hsuan, Chen, Tien-Hsing, Wu, Victor Chien-Chia, Lin, Chihung, and Hsiao, Ching-Chung
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *DISEASE risk factors , *BLADDER cancer , *SODIUM-glucose cotransporters , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *MORTALITY - Abstract
Background: Either sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or pioglitazone (Pio) has doubtful issues of bladder cancer, especially for the combination therapy with these two drugs. Our study aimed to investigate the risk of bladder cancer under combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio. Materials and Methods: We included 97,024 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed bladder cancer after combination therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio. Group 1 received both study drugs, group 2 received SGLT-2 inhibitors, group 3 received Pio, and group 4 received non-study drugs (the reference group). The secondary outcome in each group was all-cause mortality. Results: In group 1, no newly diagnosed bladder cancer was detected after a mean 2.8-year follow-up and all-cause mortality decreased significantly (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.92) in comparison to the reference group (group 4). In group 2 and group 3, no trend of increased bladder cancer was observed (group 2: AHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.05–4.94; group 3: AHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.15–1.58) and it still reduced all-cause mortality (group 2: AHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99; group 3: AHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.99). Conclusions: In T2DM patients without previous or active bladder cancer, the combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and Pio was not associated with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and had lower all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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174. High power compact THz system based on ultrafast Yb-doped parabolic fiber amplifier.
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Castleman, A. W., Toennies, J. P., Zinth, W., Yamanouchi, K., Corkum, Paul, Jonas, David M., Miller, R. J. Dwayne., Weiner, Andrew M., Chang, Guoqing, Divin, Charles J., Liu, Chi-Hung, Williamson, Steven L., Galvanauskas, Almantas, and Norris, Theodore B.
- Abstract
A power-scalable approach for high power THz generation is demonstrated using optical rectification in GaP pumped by an ultrafast Yb-doped parabolic pulse fiber amplifier. 6.5 µW THz radiation is obtained from 10 W optical power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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175. A compact radially polarized THz source based on velocity-mismatched optical rectification.
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Castleman, A. W., Toennies, J. P., Zinth, W., Yamanouchi, K., Corkum, Paul, Jonas, David M., Miller, R. J. Dwayne., Weiner, Andrew M., Chang, Guoqing, Divin, Charles J., Liu, Chi-Hung, Williamson, Steven L., Galvanauskas, Almantas, and Norris, Theodore B.
- Abstract
By exploiting velocity mismatch, we show that optical rectification can generate radially polarized THz pulses. A compact system is implemented using <001> cut ZnTe pumped by an ultrafast Yb-doped parabolic fiber amplifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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176. High power dissipative soliton laser using chirally-coupled core fiber
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Lefrançois, Simon, Liu, Chi-Hung, Sosnowski, Thomas S., Galvanauskas, Almantas, and Wise, Frank W.
- Abstract
We report the energy scaling of mode-locked fiber lasers using a large-mode area chirally-coupled core fiber. This is a demonstration of the scaling of ultrafast fiber oscillators to large cores in an all-solid glass package that holds the lowest order fiber mode while maintaining compatibility with fiber fusion technology. An all-normal dispersion cavity design yields pulse energies above 40 nJ that dechirp to durations below 200 fs. Using lower net dispersion, pulses dechirping close to 100 fs are obtained with pump limited energies. Effectively single-mode operation is confirmed by beam quality as well as spectral interference measurements.
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- 2011
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177. Resuming anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation experiencing intracranial hemorrhage
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Wu, Victor Chien-Chia, Huang, Yi-Chun, Chen, Shao-Wei, Liu, Chi-Hung, Chang, Chun-Wei, Chen, Ching-Chang, Chang, Shang-Hung, Lin, Ming-Shyan, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Chen, Mien-Cheng, Hsieh, I-Chang, Chu, Pao-Hsien, Lin, Yu-Sheng, and Khoshnood., Ardavan
- Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text
- Published
- 2021
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178. Investigation of reactive astrogliosis effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Huang, Kuo-Lun, Hsiao, Ing-Tsung, Ho, Meng-Yang, Hsu, Jung-Lung, Chang, Yeu-Jhy, Chang, Ting-Yu, Liu, Chi-Hung, Chang, Chien-Hung, Wu, Yi-Ming, Wu, Kuan-Yi, Wey, Shiaw-Pyng, Yen, Tzu-Chen, Okamura, Nobuyuki, Lee, Tsong-Hai, and Lin, Kun-Ju
- Subjects
COGNITION disorders ,PET therapy ,CEREBRAL atrophy ,PATIENTS' rights ,STROKE patients ,CEREBRAL hemispheres ,STROKE ,CROSS-sectional method ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,RESEARCH funding ,DEGENERATION (Pathology) ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) severity and reactive astrogliosis (RA) extent on normalized 18F-THK-5351 positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging in amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 63 amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke. Neurocognitive evaluation, MRI, 18F-THK-5351, and 18F-florbetapir PET were performed around 3 months after stroke. The 18F-THK-5351 uptake intensity was normalized using a signal distribution template to obtain the Z-SUM scores as the RA extent in the whole brain and cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to stroke lesion. We evaluated stroke volume, leukoaraiosis, and brain atrophy on MRI. We used a comprehensive neurocognitive battery to obtain composite cognitive scores, and defined PSCI as a general cognitive function score < - 1. We analyzed the influence of Z-SUM scores on PSCI severity after adjusting for demographic, vascular, and neurodegenerative variables.Results: Twenty-five of 63 stroke patients had PSCI. Patients with PSCI had older age, lower education, and more severe cortical atrophy and total Z-SUM scores. Total Z-SUM scores were significantly associated with general cognitive and executive functions at multiple regression models. Path analyses showed that stroke can exert cognitive influence directly by stroke itself as well as indirectly through RA, including total and ipsilateral Z-SUM scores, in patients with either right or left hemisphere stroke.Conclusion: The patterns and intensity of 18F-THK-5351 uptake in amyloid-negative patients with first-ever stroke were associated with PSCI manifestations, which suggests that RA presents a modulating effect in PSCI development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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179. Incidence of Carotid Blowout Syndrome in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer after Radiation Therapy: A Cohort Study.
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Jiang, Jian-Lin, Chang, Joseph Tung-Chieh, Yeh, Chih-Hua, Chang, Ting-Yu, Huang, Bing-Shen, Sung, Pi-Shan, Lin, Chien-Yu, Fan, Kang-Hsing, Wei, Yi-Chia, and Liu, Chi-Hung
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HEAD & neck cancer , *CANCER radiotherapy , *RADIOTHERAPY , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *LITERATURE reviews , *NASOPHARYNX cancer - Abstract
Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare yet life-threatening complication that occurs after radiation therapy (RT). This study aimed to determine the incidence of CBS in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing contemporary RT and to explore potential discrepancies in the risk of CBS between nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and non-NPC patients. A total of 1084 patients with HNC who underwent RT between 2013 and 2023 were included in the study. All patients were under regular follow-ups at the radio-oncology department, and underwent annual contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging for cancer recurrence surveillance. Experienced neuroradiologists and vascular neurologists reviewed the recruited patients' images. Patients were further referred to the neurology department for radiation vasculopathy evaluation. The primary outcome of this study was CBS. Patients were categorized into NPC and non-NPC groups and survival analysis was employed to compare the CBS risk between the two groups. A review of the literature on CBS incidence was also conducted. Among the enrolled patients, the incidence of CBS in the HNC, NPC, and non-NPC groups was 0.8%, 0.9%, and 0.7%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant difference between the NPC and non-NPC groups (p = 0.34). Combining the findings for our cohort with those of previous studies revealed that the cumulative incidence of CBS in patients with HNC is 5% (95% CI = 3–7%) after both surgery and RT, 4% (95% CI = 2–6%) after surgery alone, and 5% (95% CI = 3–7%) after RT alone. Our findings indicate a low incidence of CBS in patients with HNC undergoing contemporary RT. Patients with NPC may have a CBS risk close to that of non-NPC patients. However, the low incidence of CBS could be a potentially cause of selection bias and underestimation bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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180. High-energy similariton fiber laser using chirally coupled core fiber
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Lefrancois, Simon, Liu, Chi-Hung, Stock, Michelle L., Sosnowski, Thomas S., Galvanauskas, Almantas, and Wise, Frank W.
- Abstract
We present a high-energy amplifier similariton laser based on a chirally coupled core (3C) fiber. Chirped pulse energies up to 61 nJ at 3.3 W average power are obtained with effectively single-mode output. The pulses can be compressed with a simple grating compressor to durations below 90 fs. We demonstrate for the first time a fused pump-signal combiner to confirm the integration potential of 3C fiber.
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- 2013
181. Brain computerized tomography reading in suspected acute ischemic stroke patients: what are essentials for medical students?
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Liu, Chi-Hung, Hsiao, Cheng-Ting, Chang, Ting-Yu, Chang, Yeu-Jhy, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Chang, Chun-Wei, Chen, Chi-Jen, Chen, Chien-Fu, Cheng, Po-Liang, Chin, Shy-Chyi, Chiu, Te-Fa, Hsu, Jung-Lung, Hsu, Peng-Wei, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Liao, Chih-Hsiang, Lin, Chun-Jen, Lin, Li-Han, Seak, Chen-June, Sung, Pi-Shan, and Yang, Tao-Chieh
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MEDICAL students ,BRAIN tomography ,STROKE patients ,EMERGENCY physicians ,LIKERT scale - Abstract
Background: Few systematic methods prioritize the image education in medical students (MS). We hope to develop a checklist of brain computerized tomography (CT) reading in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for MS and primary care (PC) physicians. Methods: Our pilot group generated the items indicating specific structures or signs for the checklist of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. These items were used in a modified web-based Delphi process using the online software "SurveyMonkey". In total 15 panelists including neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and emergency department physicians participated in the modified Delphi process. Each panelist was encouraged to express feedback, agreement or disagreement on the inclusion of each item using a 9-point Likert scale. Items with median scores of 7–9 were included in our final checklist. Results: Fifty-two items were initially provided for the first round of the Delphi process. Of these, 35 achieved general agreement of being an essential item for the MS and PC physicians. The other 17 of the 52 items in this round and another two added items suggested by the panelists were further rated in the next round. Finally, 38 items were included in the essential checklist items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. Conclusions: We established a reference regarding the essential items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients. We hope this helps to minimize malpractice and a delayed diagnosis, and to improve competency-based medical education for MS and PC physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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182. Similar major cardiovascular outcomes between pure statin and ezetimibe-statin in comparable intensity for type 2 diabetes with extremely atherosclerotic risks.
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Kao, Yu-Cheng, Chen, Tien-Hsing, Liu, Chi-Hung, Hwang, Jawl-Shan, Hsiao, Ching-Chung, Lin, Yu-Sheng, Mao, Chun-Tai, Hung, Ming-Jui, and Li, Yan-Rong
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HEALTH outcome assessment , *EZETIMIBE , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *LIPOPROTEINS - Abstract
Atorvastatin 40 mg (ATOR 40) and ezetimibe 10 mg/simvastatin 20 mg (EZ-SIM 20) have similar reductions of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but cardiovascular (CV) outcomes between these two therapies are unclear. Our real-world cohort study is to test the hypothesis of pleiotropic effects of purely higher dose statin on CV outcomes beyond similar reductions of LDL-C, especially for extremely CV risk patients. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013, a total of 3,372 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) admitted due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were selected as the study cohort from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by ATOR 40 group (n = 1686) matched with EZ-SIM 20 group (n = 1686). Primary composite outcome includes CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary composite outcome includes hospitalization for unstable angina (HUA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). With a mean follow-up of 2.4 years, no significant difference of primary composite outcome was observed between ATOR 40 and EZ-SIM 20 groups (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–1.25). Nevertheless, ATOR 40 group had lower risks of HUA (SHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35–0.72), PCI (SHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.97) and CABG (SHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.97) than EZ-SIM 20 group. For T2DM patients after ACS or AIS, ATOR 40 and EZ-SIM 20 had similar major CV outcomes, which still supported the main driver for CV risk reductions is LDL-C lowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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183. Visualization of ischemic stroke-related changes on 18F-THK-5351 positron emission tomography.
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Huang, Kuo-Lun, Chang, Chien-Hung, Chang, Ting-Yu, Chang, Yeu-Jhy, Liu, Chi-Hung, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Hsu, Jung-Lung, Lin, Kun-Ju, Wey, Shiaw-Pyng, Yen, Tzu-Chen, Hsiao, Ing-Tsung, Wu, Yi-Ming, Ho, Meng-Yang, and Okamura, Nobuyuki
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STROKE ,RADIOACTIVE tracers ,TAU proteins ,POSITRON emission tomography ,GLIOSIS ,DIFFUSION tensor imaging ,ENCEPHALITIS - Abstract
Background: The
18 F-THK-5351 radiotracer has been used to detect the in vivo tau protein distribution in patients with tauopathy, such as Alzheimer’s disease and corticobasal syndrome. In addition,18 F-THK-5351 can also monitor neuroinflammatory process due to high affinity to astrogliosis. We aimed to explore18 F-THK-5351 distribution patterns and characteristics in patients with recent ischemic stroke.Results: Fifteen patients received18 F-THK-5351 positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) approximately 3 months after ischemic stroke. A region of interest (ROI) was placed in the peri-ischemic area and was mirrored on the contralateral side as the control, and a proportional value was derived from the ratio of the peri-ischemic ROI value over the mirrored ROI value. Increased18 F-THK-5351 retention was observed in the areas around and remote from the stroke location. The proportional18 F-THK-5351 values were negatively correlated with the proportional fractional anisotropy values (r = − 0.39, P = 0.04).Conclusion:18 F-THK-5351 PET imaging provides a potential tool for in vivo visualization of the widespread ischemia-related changes associated with a microstructural disruption in recent ischemic stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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184. High energy amplifier similariton laser based on integrated chirally-coupled core fiber.
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Lefrancois, Simon, Liu, Chi-Hung, Sosnowski, Thomas S., Galvanauskas, Almantas, and Wise, Frank W.
- Abstract
We present an amplifier similariton laser based on chirally-coupled core fiber. Chirped pulse energies up to 60 nJ are obtained with compressed durations below 90 fs. We demonstrate an integrated pump-signal combiner for chirally-coupled fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
185. Discontinuing or continuing statin following intracerebral hemorrhage from the view of a national cohort study.
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Chung, Chang-Min, Lin, Ming-Shyan, Liu, Chi-Hung, Lee, Tsong-Hai, Chang, Shih-Tai, Yang, Teng-Yao, Pan, Kuo-Li, and Lin, Yu-Sheng
- Subjects
- *
INTRACEREBRAL hematoma , *HEMORRHAGE , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis , *MORTALITY , *DYSLIPIDEMIA - Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Statins improve clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke but there is no evidence of the effect of continuing long-term statin therapy in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of continuing statin after ICH. Methods Data on patients with ICH was retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The final population was separated into two groups according to those who continued and those who discontinued statin treatment. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed after a 3 year follow-up after propensity score matching (PSM). Results Of the 114,101 patients with ICH, who were initially enrolled, 2468 patients with dyslipidemia and ICH were included. After PSM, the benefit of statin therapy on mortality appeared from 1 year to the end of the 3-year follow-up period after discharge (statin group versus non-statin group: 4.9% vs. 12.3% at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.57) and 12.9% vs. 25.3% at the end of the 3 year follow-up period (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.35–0.58). Compared with the patients using lipophilic statins, those using hydrophilic statins had a significantly lower incidence of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–0.99). There were no differences between those prescribed moderate-intensity statins and those prescribed high-intensity statins in terms of stroke and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.40–1.46). Conclusions There was a lower risk of all-cause mortality following ICH in patients who continued statin treatment compared with those without statin treatment, especially in those treated with hydrophilic statins. Highlights • Continuing statin had less mortality than discontinuing statin after ICH. • Continuing statin did not increase incidence of recurrent ICH. • Hydrophilic statin had better outcomes than lipophilic statin in patients after ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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186. Coexisting Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma and Kimura's Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.
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Lee, Chih-Chun, Chang, Sing-Ya, Teng, Wen-Chieh, Wu, Chih-Ju, Liu, Chi-Hung, Huang, Szu-Wei, Wu, Chiao-En, Yu, Kuang-Hui, and Chan, Tien-Ming
- Subjects
- *
KIMURA disease , *HODGKIN'S disease , *LITERATURE reviews , *TAIWANESE people , *LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders - Abstract
Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare lymphoproliferative fibroinflammatory disorder that commonly affects the subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes of the head and neck. The condition is a reactive process involving T helper type 2 cytokines. Concurrent malignancies have not been described. Differential diagnosis with lymphoma can be challenging without tissue biopsy. Here, we present the first reported case of coexisting KD and eosinophilic nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma of the right cervical lymphatics in a 72-year-old Taiwanese man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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187. Controlling light-emission properties of power scalable fiber lasers.
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Liu, Chi-Hung
- Subjects
- Controlling, Emission, Fiber Design, Fiber Fabrication, Fiber Lasers, Fiber Optics, High-power Fiber Laser, Light, Properties, Scalable
- Abstract
We present several methods controlling light-emission properties in power-scalable fiber lasers, including modal quality, polarization, spectra, and optical nonlinearities. The thesis contains three major parts. In the first part we present high power fiber lasers and high energy fiber amplifiers based on LMA fibers, which need external mode management techniques to maintain diffraction-limited output quality. The 810W high power CW fiber laser, which produces the highest diffraction-limited fiber laser power in 2004, uses coiling to maintain only one mode propagating in 20 mum-core LMA fibers. Thermal analysis shows pump power is not a limiting factor for further power scaling, and according to numerical modeling results, nonlinear threshold can be increased to >2kW. A 405W single-polarization fiber laser uses coiling method onto PM LMA fibers, in which the polarization is totally controlled by coiling, relying on no free-space polarization components. One fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is used both to stabilize output spectrums and to increase SRS threshold. A monolithic high-energy nanosecond fiber amplifier, based on single-mode excitation tapering, demonstrates 26-28dB gain with diffraction-limited output beam quality. Chirally-Coupled-Core fibers are presented in the second part for effectively single-mode performance, which means only one mode is allowed to propagate even when core sizes are large (V>>2.405). The theoretical concepts and analysis of CCC fibers are given. The experimental measurements of our 35 mum-core CCC fibers show consistency with numerical model. Monolithic operation such as mode-preserving splicing and fiber pigtailing is enabled by using CCC fibers, and the suppression of inter-modal scattering allows better performance than conventional LMA fibers. The third part contains the experimental characterization of SBS suppression. With the additional acoustic layer structure we experimentally measure ∼2.5 times SBS suppression. The method is compatible with other techniques, such as longitudinal distribution of tensile strain and dopant concentration, and we expect better SBS suppression when this method is used with those techniques.
- Published
- 2007
188. Cu(In,Ga)Se2Thin Films Preparation from CuGa-In Metallic Alloy and Se Thin Film by Atmosphere Pressure Plasma Depositon System
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Chang, Kow-Ming, Ho, Po Ching, Yang, Kuo-Hui, Wu, Shen-Bin, and Liu, Chi-Hung
- Abstract
An atmosphere pressure plasma (APP) deposition system with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is proposed for deposition selenium thin films. Several advantages of the APP deposition system are low cost, high processing speed and its potential to be applied in roll-to-roll process. Morphologies and thicknesses of selenium thin films deposited on In/CuGa/Mo/SLG can be affected by plasma power which also has impact on crystallinity of CIGS absorber. With the increase in plasma power, CIGS grains tend to distribute non-uniformly. Plasma power of 100W has the smallest FWHM of the main peak (112). Insufficient selenium incorporation into precursors result in undesired phases such as Cu3Se2, Cu2Se and separation phase, CuGaSe2 ¬compound. Compositions of optimal selenized CIGS thin film deposited by scanning 180 times are Cu/(In+Ga) = 1.03 and Ga/(In+Ga) = 0.24.
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- 2012
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189. Deposition of hydrophobic nano-coatings with low-pressure radio frequency CH2F2/Ar plasma processing
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Huang, Chun, Pan, Chien-Hsuan, and Liu, Chi-Hung
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- *
HYDROPHOBIC surfaces , *ARGON plasmas , *METHANE , *SURFACE coatings , *THIN films , *LOW pressure (Science) , *RADIO frequency , *NANOTECHNOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: In an attempt to perform hydrophobic nano-coating, this investigation examined various operational parameters including in RF plasma power, system gas pressure, and CH2F2:Ar ratio of low-pressure plasma processing. The low-pressure plasma, generated with radio frequency power at 13.56MHz, was fed difluoromethane (CH2F2)/Ar gas mixture. The surface characteristics of the plasma polymerized films were studied by static contact angle measurement (CA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result, increasing deposition of CH2F2 plasma polymerized films was achieved in enhanced RF plasma power input. The CH2F2 plasma polymerized films also were conducted in a varying system gas pressure with enhanced hydrophobic surface property. The effects of CH2F2/Ar plasma on the surface characteristics of the plasma polymerized films were investigated as a function of the Ar content. The super hydrophobic coating under optimized operational parameters prepared in this study obtained water contact angles greater than 150°. It was found that the maximum water contact angles (161°) was obtained at 1.5:1 (CH2F2: Ar) ratio. In addition, AFM analysis shows that possible ion bombardment from CH2F2/Ar plasma can increase surface roughness, and effectively form a hydrophobic coating on the surface of heat sensitive materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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190. Amyloid PET pattern with dementia and amyloid angiopathy in Taiwan familial AD with D678H APP mutation.
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Huang, Chu-Yun, Hsiao, Ing-Tsung, Lin, Kun-Ju, Huang, Kuo-Lun, Fung, Hon-Chung, Liu, Chi-Hung, Chang, Ting-Yu, Weng, Yi-Ching, Hsu, Wen-Chun, Yen, Tzu-Chen, and Huang, Chin-Chang
- Subjects
- *
CEREBRAL amyloid angiopathy , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *MILD cognitive impairment , *AMYLOID , *AMYLOID beta-protein precursor , *CEREBELLAR cortex - Abstract
Abstract Introduction The novel D678H amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene mutation has been called the "Taiwan mutation". The study aims to identify amyloid deposition patterns and clinical features associated with this mutation. Methods we analyzed the clinical manifestations, brain neuroimages and 18F-AV-45 positron emission tomography (PET) findings in symptomatic patients and asymptomatic subjects with the autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared the amyloid deposition pattern among 10 patients with genetically-positive familial cognitive decline (CD), 18 patients with sporadic CD, and 19 healthy controls. Results The clinical features were the early onset of memory impairment in all 10 patients and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in 3 patients. The characteristic results of brain 18F-AV-45 PET included the highest standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the occipital and cerebellar cortical areas in the genetically-positive CD patients. In subgroup analysis, the familial AD patients had a decreased amyloid SUVR trend in most areas except for cerebellar cortex compared to those with familial mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion Our data indicate that the familial D678H gene mutation have resulted in a more potent amyloid burden than in the patients with sporadic AD patients. The high amyloid uptake in the occipital area is characteristic of the specific Taiwan APP gene. Highlights • The study evaluated the amyloid patterns and clinical features in the Taiwan familial AD with D678H APP mutation. • Early onset of memory impairment and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in 2 patients. • The highest stardand uptake value ratio in the occipital and cerebellar cortical areas in the gCD patients. • The familial D678H gene mutation patients have a more potent amyloid burden than the sporadic AD patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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191. Synergistically improved cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with combined treatment of SGLT-2 inhibitors and pioglitazone.
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Li YR, Wang CC, Liu CH, Yen CL, Wu VC, Huang EJ, Lee CY, and Hsiao CC
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Taiwan epidemiology, Drug Synergism, Treatment Outcome, Follow-Up Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Pioglitazone therapeutic use, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors therapeutic use, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Drug Therapy, Combination
- Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have cardiovascular (CV) benefits, particularly in reducing the risk of heart failure (HF). Pioglitazone (Pio) has shown potential in decreasing the risks of recurrent stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality but increasing risks of HF. Our study aimed to examine the synergistic effects on CV outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received the combined treatment of SGLT2i and Pio., Materials and Methods: A total of 117,850 patients with T2DM and without a history of HF were selected as the observational study cohort from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) in Taiwan between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. The primary composite outcome was 4-point major adverse CV events (4P-MACE), including CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal ischemic stroke, and hospitalization for HF. The study was divided into four groups: a combined treatment group in which SGLT2i and Pio were used, two individual groups in which SGLT2i or Pio was used separately, and a reference group (non-study drugs)., Results: Combined treatment of SGLT2i and Pio had the lowest risk of 4P-MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.80) compared with the reference group after a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. There was no significant difference in risks of hospitalization for HF (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.49-1.07) compared with the reference group., Conclusions: In T2DM patients without HF, the combined treatment with SGLT2i and Pio may synergistically provide CV benefits without increasing risks of HF., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Wang, Liu, Yen, Wu, Huang, Lee and Hsiao.)
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- 2024
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192. Exploring the optimal lower blood pressure boundary during endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion.
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Chang YM, Wang CM, Lee KP, Shen PC, Lin PY, Liu CH, Lin SH, Chen CH, Hsieh MT, and Sung PS
- Abstract
Background: Current guidelines advocate for maintaining BP level below 180/105 mmHg during EVT, determining the safe lower boundary remains primarily consensus-driven by experts. This study aims to delve into the correlation between various targets of lower boundary for systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) during EVT and 3-month functional outcomes., Methods: A cohort study was conducted across two EVT-capable centers, enrolling patients with large artery occlusion undergoing EVT within 8 h of stroke onset. Mean BP values during EVT were meticulously recorded, and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the correlation between outcomes and diverse lower boundary targets for SBP and DBP. Additionally, logistic regression models investigated the relationship between periprocedural BP variability and subsequent outcomes., Results: Among the 201 patients included, having a SBP higher than 130 or 140 mmHg showed an independent association with increased good functional outcomes at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.80, 95% Cis, 1.26-6.39 for 140 mmHg; aOR 2.34, 95% Cis, 1.03-5.56 for 130 mmHg). Additionally, an SBP exceeding 130 mmHg was correlated with decreased 3-month mortality (aOR, 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.74). No significant relationship was observed between DBP and functional outcomes. Patients with higher periprocedural SBP coefficient variance exhibited a decreased rate of good functional outcomes at 3 months (aOR, 0.42, 95% CI, 0.18-0.96)., Conclusions: A SBP range above 130-140 mmHg could potentially serve as a safe lower boundary during EVT, while minimizing BP fluctuations may correlate with improved post-EVT functional outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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193. Comparing Efficacy and Safety Between Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin After Direct Oral Anticoagulant Failure.
- Author
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Hsieh MT, Liu CH, Lin SH, Lin PY, Chang YM, Wang CM, Chen CH, and Sung PS
- Subjects
- Humans, Warfarin adverse effects, Rivaroxaban adverse effects, Dabigatran adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Anticoagulants adverse effects, Vitamin K, Administration, Oral, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Atrial Fibrillation chemically induced, Stroke prevention & control, Stroke complications, Ischemic Stroke drug therapy, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage complications
- Abstract
Background: An increased risk of recurrent stroke is noted in patients with atrial fibrillation despite direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use. We investigated the efficacy and safety of treatment with each of 4 different DOACs or warfarin after DOAC failure., Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed patients with atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke despite DOAC treatment between January 2002 and December 2016. The different outcomes of patients with DOAC failure were compared, including recurrent ischemic stroke, major cardiovascular events, intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, mortality, and net composite outcomes according to switching to different DOACs or vitamin K antagonist after index ischemic stroke. We identified 3759 patients with DOAC failure. A total of 84 patients experienced recurrent ischemic stroke after switching to different oral anticoagulants, with a total follow-up time of 14 years. Using the vitamin K antagonist group as a reference, switching to any of the 4 DOACs was associated with a 69% to 77% reduced risk of major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.25 [95% CI, 0.16-0.39] for apixaban, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.14-0.37] for dabigatran, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.09-0.60] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.21-0.45] for rivaroxaban), and a 69% to 83% reduced risk of net composite outcomes (aHR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.18-0.35] for apixaban, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.11-0.25] for dabigatran, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17-0.56] for edoxaban, and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.23-0.41] for rivaroxaban)., Conclusions: In Asian patients with DOAC failure, continuing DOACs after index stroke was associated with fewer undesirable outcomes than switching to a vitamin K antagonist. Alternative pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies warrant investigation.
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- 2023
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194. Brain computed tomography reading of stroke patients by resident doctors from different medical specialities: An eye-tracking study.
- Author
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Liu CH, Chang CW, Hung J, Lin JJH, Sung PS, Lee LA, Hsiao CT, Chao YP, Huang ES, and Wang SL
- Subjects
- Humans, Eye-Tracking Technology, Clinical Competence, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Radiology education
- Abstract
Background: Using the eye-tracking technique, our work aimed to examine whether difference in clinical background may affect the training outcome of resident doctors' interpretation skills and reading behaviour related to brain computed tomography (CT)., Methods: Twelve resident doctors in the neurology, radiology, and emergency departments were recruited. Each participant had to read CT images of the brain for two cases. We evaluated each participant's accuracy of lesion identification. We also used the eye-tracking technique to assess reading behaviour. We recorded dwell times, fixation counts, run counts, and first-run dwell times of target lesions to evaluate visual attention. Transition entropy was applied to assess the temporal relations and spatial dynamics of systematic image reading., Results: The eye-tracking results showed that the image reading sequence examined by transition entropy was comparable among resident doctors from different medical specialties (p = 0.82). However, the dwell time of the target lesions was shorter for the resident doctors from the neurology department (4828.63 ms, p = 0.01) than for those from the resident doctors from the radiology (6275.88 ms) and emergency (5305.00 ms) departments. The eye-tracking results in individual areas of interest only showed differences in the eye-tracking performance of the first-run dwell time (p = 0.05) in the anterior cerebral falx., Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that resident doctors from different medical specialties may achieve similar imaging reading patterns for brain CT. This may mitigate queries regarding the influence of different backgrounds on training outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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195. Case Report: High-dose steroid and IVIG successful treatment in a case of COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a literature review.
- Author
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Liu CH, Chiu LC, Lee CC, and Chan TM
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Steroids therapeutic use, COVID-19 complications, Encephalitis, Viral drug therapy, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System drug therapy
- Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare but critical complication of COVID-19. The management of COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis includes the use of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and monoclonal antibody therapy. This study presented a patient with critical COVID-19 autoimmune encephalitis who rapidly recovered after the initiation of corticosteroids and IVIG therapy. This study reviewed the current literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19-associated autoimmune encephalitis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Chiu, Lee and Chan.)
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- 2023
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196. Risk of temporal lobe necrosis between proton beam and volumetric modulated arc therapies in patients with different head and neck cancers.
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Liu CH, Lin CY, Huang BS, Wei YC, Chang TY, Yeh CH, Sung PS, Jiang JL, Lin LY, Chang JT, and Fan KH
- Subjects
- Humans, Protons, Retrospective Studies, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma radiotherapy, Necrosis, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated adverse effects, Head and Neck Neoplasms radiotherapy, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Background: To investigate the frequency of temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) soon after radiotherapy (RT) and identify differences among patients with various types of head and neck cancer (HNC) and between different RT methods., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 483 patients with HNC who had completed RT in our hospital after January, 2015. These patients were followed-up at the radio-oncology department and received contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) to identify metastases or recurrence of cancer at regular intervals. Meanwhile, the occurrence of TLN, graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V5.0, was recorded. We categorized the patients into nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and non-NPC groups and compared the cumulative occurrence of TLN between the groups using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. We further compared the cumulative occurrence of TLN between proton beam therapy (PBT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in patients with any HNC, NPC, and non-NPC HNC., Results: Compared with the non-NPC group, the NPC group had a higher frequency of TLN (5.6% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.01) and were more commonly associated with TLN in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (p < 0.01) and the Cox regression model after covariates were adjusted for (adjusted hazard ratio: 13.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.37-130.61) during the follow-up period. Furthermore, the frequency of TLN was similar between patients receiving PBT and those receiving VMAT (PBT vs. VMAT: 4.7% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.76). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the accumulated risks of TLN were similar between PBT and VMAT in patients with any HNC (p = 0.44), NPC (p = 0.84), and non-NPC HNC (p = 0.70)., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that patients with NPC are susceptible to TLN during the early period after RT. In addition, PBT may be associated with an equivalent risk of TLN when compared with VMAT in patients with NPC or other HNCs., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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197. Recurrent Ischemic Stroke and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation With Ischemic Stroke Despite Direct Oral Anticoagulants.
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Hsieh MT, Liu CH, Lin SH, Lin PY, Chang YM, Wang CM, Chen CH, and Sung PS
- Subjects
- Humans, Warfarin therapeutic use, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Administration, Oral, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Atrial Fibrillation chemically induced, Ischemic Stroke drug therapy, Stroke drug therapy, Stroke chemically induced
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- 2023
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198. The 2020 Taiwan Stroke Society guidelines for blood pressure control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Lin CJ, Chung CP, Cheng HM, Liu CH, Hsu LC, Chi NF, Tang SC, Lee JT, Po HL, Jeng JS, Wang TD, and Lee IH
- Subjects
- Humans, Blood Pressure physiology, Taiwan, Treatment Outcome, Ischemic Stroke, Brain Ischemia therapy, Endovascular Procedures, Stroke therapy
- Abstract
The 2020 Taiwan Stroke Society (TSS) guidelines for blood pressure (BP) control related to ischemic stroke update the 2015 TSS BP guidelines. The early management of acute ischemic stroke has evolved rapidly in the previous two decades. Since the publication of the previous version of the TSS BP guidelines, many studies have addressed BP management in ischemic stroke. Particularly, several successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) trials published in 2015 led to a new era of acute treatment for ischemic stroke. With the ever-increasing use of EVT, evidence-based guidelines for ideal BP management during and after EVT are urgently needed. Consequently, the 2020 guidelines are updating and providing recommendations on BP control for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke based on new evidence. The present study encompasses the most important chapter of the 2020 Taiwan BP guidelines: BP control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke. We incorporated the most updated evidence regarding BP control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke in patients receiving or not receiving acute reperfusion therapy and provided specific recommendations for different treatment subgroups accordingly., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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199. Early Antiplatelet Resumption and the Risks of Major Bleeding After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
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Liu CH, Wu YL, Hsu CC, and Lee TH
- Subjects
- Humans, Cerebral Hemorrhage epidemiology, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Ischemic Stroke drug therapy, Stroke epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The appropriate timing of resuming antithrombotic therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the risks of major bleeding between early and late antiplatelet resumption in ICH survivors., Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, ICH patients were available in the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with a medication possession ratio of antiplatelet treatment ≥50% before ICH and after antiplatelet resumption were screened. We excluded patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, under anticoagulant or hemodialysis treatment, and developed cerebrovascular events or died before antiplatelet resumption. Finally, 1584 eligible patients were divided into EARLY (≤30 days) and LATE groups (31-365 days after the index ICH) based on the timing of antiplatelet resumption. Patients were followed until the occurrence of a clinical outcome, end of 1-year follow-up, death, or until December 31, 2018. The primary outcome was recurrent ICH. The secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, major hemorrhagic events, major occlusive vascular events, and ischemic stroke. Cox proportional hazard model after matching was used for comparison between the 2 groups., Results: Both the EARLY and LATE groups had a similar risk of 1-year recurrent ICH (EARLY versus LATE: 3.12% versus 3.27%; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.967 [95% CI, 0.522-1.791]) after matching. Both groups also had a similar risk of each secondary outcome at 1-year follow-up. Subgroup analyses disclosed early antiplatelet resumption in the patients without prior cerebrovascular disease were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (AHR, 0.199 [95% CI, 0.054-0.739]) and major hemorrhagic events (AHR, 0.090 [95% CI, 0.010-0.797]), while early antiplatelet resumption in the patients with chronic kidney disease were associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke (AHR, 0.065 [95% CI, 0.012-0.364])., Conclusions: Early resumption of antiplatelet was as safe as delayed antiplatelet resumption in ICH patients. Besides, those without prior cerebrovascular disease or with chronic kidney disease may benefit more from early antiplatelet resumption.
- Published
- 2023
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200. Detailed risks and characteristics of postepilepsy stroke in non-traumatic adult-onset epilepsy.
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Lin PY, Liu CH, Chang YM, Huang CW, Su HC, Lin SH, and Sung PS
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Humans, Incidence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Taiwan epidemiology, Epilepsy complications, Epilepsy epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Stroke epidemiology, Ischemic Stroke, Stroke complications, Stroke etiology
- Abstract
Background: Patients with epilepsy have an increased risk of stroke. However, the detailed risk and characteristics of postepilepsy stroke have not been investigated., Methods: This study utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We classified adult patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy from 2003 to 2016 as the epilepsy cohort. Patients in the nonepilepsy cohort were selected with propensity score matching at a case-control ratio of 1:5. The incidence, hazard ratio (HR), period-specific HR, recurrent HR in the Wei-Lin-Weissfeld model, stroke severity index, complications, and mortality of all stroke, ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke events in the two cohorts were analyzed., Results: We enrolled 23,810 patients in the epilepsy cohort and 119,050 persons in the nonepilepsy cohort. The period-specific HRs of all stroke, IS and hemorrhagic stroke peaked immediately after epilepsy diagnosis and trended downward [Adjusted HRs of all stroke: 4.88 (3.88-6.14), 4.47 (3.50-5.70), 3.17 (2.62-3.84), 2.81 (2.27-3.48), 2.81 (2.36-3.34) and 2.33 (2.07-2.62) in 0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-5 and ≥5 years after epilepsy diagnosis, respectively]. The recurrent stroke HRs in the epilepsy cohort were >1 from the first [3.06 (2.71-3.34)] to the fourth events [6.33 (1.08-37.03)]. IS events in the epilepsy cohort were associated with a younger onset age, a higher IS severity index, a higher rate of urinary tract infection, a lower in-hospital mortality, while 90-day stroke mortality was similar between the 2 cohorts., Conclusion: Since the increased risk of stroke in epilepsy cohort peaked immediately after epilepsy diagnosis, early implementation of prevention strategies is considered., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (Copyright © 2022 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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