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Background: The neutrophil-leukocyte index (NLI) is an independent predictor of an unfavorable outcome in stable ischemic heart disease, as well as of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes and uncontrolled heart failure. A number of studies have shown the informative value of NLI for the prediction of severe course of COVID-19. NLI variability in COVID-19 with comorbid baseline physical diseases and cardiovascular disorders in particular, has not been studied. Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of NLI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 depending on their concomitant cardiac disorders. Materials and methods: In this retrospective quantitative study we have analyzed the data from medical files of the patients with the diagnosis of new coronavirus infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, treated in a specialized in-patient department of infectious diseases in 2020 to 2022. Previously diagnosed cardiac disorders were defined as any past history of these disorders. The results of instrumental and laboratory work-up were assessed before treatment. Results: The analysis included 226 patients with median age of 50.0 (Q1Q3: 42.063.0) years, with 81.4% (n = 184) of them being men. Ninety four (41.6%) patients had no previously diagnosed cardiovascular disorders. Arterial hypertension by the time of admittance was present in 132 (58.4%), ischemic heart disease, in 77 (34.1%), atherosclerotic and/or post-infarct cardiosclerosis, in 82 (36.3%), and chronic heart failure, in 77 (34.1%) of the patients. In the total study group (n = 226) the median NLI was 2.6 (1.574.47). The larger was the volume of the lung involvement (assessed by computed tomography at admittance), the higher was NLI (p = 0.009, Kruskal-Wallis test). There was an association between the NLI value and the degree of respiratory failure (p 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). Median NLI in the patients with cardiac disorders (irrespective of their nosology) was significantly higher than that in the patients without any history of cardiovascular problems: 3.30 (2.095.42) versus 1.95 (1.423.62) (p 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). We found significant difference in the NLI values for each type of cardiac disorders, compared to that in the patients without history of cardiovascular disorders, including for the patients with arterial hypertension (p 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test), ischemic heart disease (p 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test), atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis (p = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test), and chronic heart failure (p = 0.040, Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion: We have confirmed the contribution of cardiovascular disorders to the course of COVID-19 and the clinical value of NLI as a convenient laboratory marker of the severity of infectious disease.

Research Questions: 1) Can the newly developed by the author methodology based on Timothy Jury’s credit risk analysis provide sufficient visibility of the company’s financial situation and creditworthiness? 2) Can such methodology based on Timothy Jury’s credit risk analysis be a trustworthy indicator of production company bankruptcy and the likelihood of default? Motivation: nowadays financial institutions use an accrual-based credit risk model for the analysis of the creditworthiness of the companies, however, such models are not always trustworthy due to the data manipulations in the accrual financial statements. Since the cash flow financial statement is more reliable for the determination of the probability of default, the authors developed the cash-based credit risk model and applied it to the production company for the analysis of its likelihood of default. Idea: This paper looks at Timothy Jury’s little-known methodology of credit risk analysis and its underlying template, and proposes a version that the authors improved in accordance with the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The authors used improved methodology for the analysis of a manufacturing company to find out the company’s pre-bankruptcy situation and reveal the likelihood of credit risk default. Data: the company analyzed is a publicly listed production company Linas Agro Group with its shared traded at Nasdaq Baltic. The data for the research was taken from the annual reports, managerial reports, and the auditor’s reports issued for seven years 2016–2022. Tools: Timothy Jury’s cash-based analysis template was modified by the authors into the credit risk model. Findings: the results show that the modified cash-based credit risk model provides sufficient visibility of the company’s likelihood of default and specifies the actual source used to cover the debt. The analysis has shown that the production company paid significant dividends with negative cash available to satisfy capital providers. Contribution: the present article contributes to the knowledge base about cash flow and credit risk. The article encourages an academic society to further research the topics related to cash flow and cash flow theory, which is currently less researched than accrual-based theory. The article is also beneficial for business owners, investors, and finance professionals to improve investment decision-making, for bank managers to diminish the number of bad loans and for the auditors to determine the pre-bankruptcy state of the company more precisely using the cash-based credit risk model presented in this article.

A significant part of distal cerebral aneurysms belongs to the category of complex. Traditional methods of shutting down such aneurysms are not applicable. Treatment tactics remain a subject of debate. The presence of COVID-19 complicates the course of the disease and complicates the routing of the patient to a specialized hospital.Description of the case. A 36-year-old man with COVID-19 developed an ischemic stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MСA), clinically manifested by dysarthria and pronounced left-sided hemiparesis. Cerebral angiography (CAG) revealed thrombosis of the parietal branch of the M2 segment of the right MСA with distal filling of the channel from the territory of the left MСA. After 3 months, according to the control CAG, recanalization of the M2 segment of the right MСA and fusiform aneurysm of this segment of the artery were diagnosed. To turn off the aneurysm, an intra-intracranial anastomosis was applied between the upper and lower M2 segments of the right MСA and an extra-intracranial anastomosis between the parietal branch of the right superficial temporal artery and the cortical branch from the territory of the compromised M3 segment of the MСA, the aneurysm was excised. The postoperative period was complicated by reinfection of SARS-CoV-2. After the treatment, the patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition without neurological deficit.Discussion. Resection of an aneurysm with revascularization of the distal bed can be considered as the method of choice in patients with distal aneurysms if it is impossible to apply traditional clipping. The presence of COVID-19 infection increases the risk of thrombotic complications, imposes increased requirements on the technique of performing vascular anastomoses.

A research was conducted to study the effect of starter artificial feeds enriched with dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcus capsulatus) and a complex of fatty acids on growth, survival, fish productivity, feed conversion efficiency and the biochemical composition of tissues juveniles of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus). Using of an experimental diet (10 % microbial protein, linseed oil, premix drug “Arfit”) made it possible to increase the growth rate of juveniles of broad whitefish. The final weight of fish in the experiment was 17.2% higher than the control. The condition factor was 3.1% higher compared to the control, fish productivity was 13.0% higher, and there was a 4.0 % decrease in feed costs for ichthyomass gain. At the end of the experiments the content of crude fat and crude protein was higher by 12.4% and 3.0%, respectively, compared to the control. The total content of amino acids in the tissues of juveniles of broad whitefish, when microbial protein and a complex of fatty acids were added to the diet, increased by 5.4% compared to the control.

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma.

Social integration of immigrants into host communities is complicated by their cultural and language differences. The success of the process is determined by government policies and educational effectiveness that focus on socialisation and developing tolerance and intercultural interactions/communications. Using student data collected in educational organisations of southern Russia, this study examined the role of cultural characteristics in everyday interactions and analysed students' attitudes towards immigrants as cultural foreigners. About one-fifth of the respondents tended to distance themselves from immigrants/foreigners showing high levels of mistrust of immigrants and people with other religious backgrounds. The questionnaire results prove that the youth of Astrakhan Region tend to be the most tolerant to cultural foreigners, for the region was historically formed as ethnically mixed one. Young people of the Republic of Kalmykia are the least willing to accept representatives of other cultures and migrants, which might be a consequence of repressions against Kalmyks on an ethnocultural basis by the USSR government during the Second World War. The findings suggest that the educational system insufficiently addresses cultural diversity. This study clarifies that schools should have an active role in developing tolerance among students in southern Russia.

The current study investigated the impact of cold stress on the morphological, physiological, and phytochemical properties of Juglans regia L. (J. regia) using in vitro microclone cultures. The study revealed significant stress-induced changes in the production of secondary antioxidant metabolites. According to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses, the stress conditions profoundly altered the metabolism of J. regia microclones. Although the overall spectrum of metabolites was reduced, the production of key secondary antioxidant metabolites significantly increased. Notably, there was a sevenfold (7×) increase in juglone concentration. These findings are crucial for advancing walnut metabolomics and enhancing our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stress factors. Additionally, study results aid in identifying the role of individual metabolites in these processes, which is essential for developing strategies to improve plant resilience and tolerance to adverse conditions.

The paper explores the phenomenon of anonymous news channels on Russian Telegram, which have become increasingly popular in recent years. Drawing on 25 self-confrontation interviews, we answer the following questions: Do users trust anonymous news? If not, why do they keep using this information source? How does a restrictive socio-political context influence users’ trust in alternative news sources? Our results show that, in Russia, the concept of trust is linked to the normative democratic understanding of journalistic functions. At the same time, many users believe that trust in media is not at all necessary and develop individual strategies to navigate a “chaos of narratives”. The paper discusses Telegram’s role in shaping trust or distrust in news.

Mineral resources as natural capital can be transformed into human, social and physical capital, that guarantees the sustainable development of a country, exclusively through professional public management. Public management of a country's mineral resource potential is seen as an element of transnational governance. Regulation involves the use of laws, rules and regulations within the jurisdictional and sectoral capabilities of the state, minimizing its involvement as a producer. The features of the ideology of economic liberalism, which polarizes the societies of raw material producing countries by imposing austerity, as well as lowering trade barriers have been studied. The analysis of the influence of the radical new order of neoliberal world ideology on the development of the extractive sector and the strengthening of state regulation has been presented.

About 40% of patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are admitted with poor-grade subarachnoid haemorrhage (Hunt & Hess Grades IVV). Therefore, an approach to identify the most appropriate strategy for an individual patient should be applied to obtain the best functional outcomes. However, there is still no consensus on selecting proper MIAs treatment in patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage with localization of all aneurysms in the surgical intervention area. The article presents a case of a 43-year-old patient with MIAs: a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACA) and intact right pericallosal and right middle cerebral arteries (MCA). The first stage included clipping the ruptured ACA aneurysm and decompressive craniectomy. After stabilization of the patient's condition, the second stage of treatment was performed: clipping the aneurysms of the right pericallosal and right MCA and autologous cranioplasty. The patient was discharged from the hospital in satisfactory condition. The presented case demonstrates the need for a flexible individual approach to treating patients with MIAs and acute subarachnoid bleeding. Staged surgical treatment and performing as the second stage clipping of intact aneurysms with simultaneous early cranioplasty after compensating the patient's condition allowed for good treatment outcomes.

In-hospital ischemic stroke (IHIS) is one of the most critical competing diseases that can develop in patients during inpatient treatment. Causes associated with diagnostic and therapeutic measures may play an additional role in the pathogenesis of IHIS, in addition to traditional risk factors.Objective: to study the pathogenesis features and assess risk factors for IHIS.Patients and methods. The comorbidity, main and additional risk factors of IHIS in patients of therapeutic (n=112; 44.3%), surgical (n=125; 49.4%) and neurological (n=16; 6.3%) profiles were studied.Results and discussion. The proportion of perioperative stroke in the study was 37.2%. The frequency of atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, and lacunar subtypes of IHIS did not differ in groups of patients of different profiles. In the group of surgical patients, the proportion of strokes of another established etiology was 24.8% and was higher than in therapeutic (9.8%; p

Background. The development of highly sensitive sensor equipment with the possibility of registering analytes in real time is a fast growing research area and a promising diagnostic biomedical technology. Currently, the standard laboratory method for determining the activities of ATPses is an indirect spectroscopic study of the concentration of inorganic phosphate formed as a result of ATP hydrolysis by these enzymes. However, there is no commercially available phosphate sensor with satisfactory parameters of sensitivity, selectivity and stability over time. The purpose of our research was the deve­lopment of a photoelectric recombination sensor system for the real-time detection of biochemical markers and its testing on the example of screening ATPase activity of rat erythrocyte plasma membrane suspension preparations. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on suspension preparations of plasma membranes of erythrocytes of Wistar rats. Preparations of plasma membrane suspensions obtained by Dodge method from each animal were divided into aliquots and used for the simultaneous study of ATPase activity by the reference method of Rathbun & Betlach, as well as the registration of photocurrents induced during the passage of the ATPase reaction using the photoelectric recombination multisensor system of our own design. Results. The application of silicon sensory structures based on photoelectrical transducer principle for detecting the activity of adenosine triphosphate hydrolases on the example of total Mg2+,Na+,K+-ATPases preparations of plasma membranes of rat erythro­cytes has been experimentally tested. The directly measured analytic parameter is the photocurrent of the deep silicon barrier structure under illumination with high absorption coefficient. The physical features of the device operation have been examined. Detection of such metabolites becomes possible due to reactions intermediates with their own dipole moment (inorganic phosphate, which is one of the products of ATP hydrolysis). The drastic change of photocurrent that characterizes the course of biochemical reaction was observed in real time. The effect is explained by local electrostatic influence on the parameters of recombination centers at the silicon surface that results in surface recombination velocity change. The sensor operation is qualitatively explained in the frame of Stevenson-Keyes’s theory. Conclusions. Our approach can be regarded as a promising way to elaborate technically simple and highly sensitive method for detection of quantitative behavior of enzymatic reactions. Moreover, the local modification of silicon surface allows obtaining time depending scenarios of the adsorption and thus improving the sensitivity of the sensor. These circumstances open up the possibility of elaborating the complex sensory structures with optimized parameters for certain enzymatic reactions.

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that Russia was and remains a multinational and multi-confessional country, transitions from one religion to another are not too rare today, therefore it seems important to consider the reasons and motives that prompted people to change their faith. The article deals with the problem of Christians' conversion to Islam in general and in Russian Turkestan in particular. The study describes the characteristics of Islam-Christian relations in Russian Turkestan in the last third of the XIX – early XX century. Based on archival sources, the author gives examples of the religious change of Russian people in favor of Islam, reveals the reasons, writes about the attitude of the Turkestan administration, the Holy Synod and the diocesan authorities to them. The author notes that interreligious relations in tsarist Russia were generally tolerant, but unequal. The Russian Orthodox Church was considered the dominant denomination in the country. The State has firmly and consistently protected her interests in a legal manner. Therefore, the conversions of Orthodox Christians to Islam were extremely rare and secret, since renegades and their seducers were subject to punishment. However, the situation changed after the adoption of liberal religious legislation in the early XX century. Despite the prohibitions of Orthodox Christians to convert to Islam, the lack of punitive punishment for this prompted some to change their faith. Over time, the number of renegades from Orthodoxy who converted to Islam began to amount to many dozens in the region. Coupled with transitions to other confessions, the number of traitors to Orthodoxy was measured in hundreds. Russian Turkestan's conversions to Islam were a noticeable phenomenon in its socio-political life and they did not contribute to the growth of the prestige of the Russian Orthodox Church among the multinational population of Central Asia.