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The emerging seaport-inland port dyad contributes greatly to the development of seaport hinterlands. However, little research has examined its influence on container hinterland delimitation. This paper used an improved radiation model to study the effects of seaport-inland port dyads on the container seaport hinterland delimitation in the context of a Chinese multi-port system. The radiation of each seaport was estimated to track changes in the seaport superior hinterlands and hinterland ratings and discover the patterns of the effects. The results show that the formation of dyads expands the scope of superior hinterlands and improves the hinterland ratings of seaports. The provinces close to inland ports and far from seaports were significantly affected and the same inland port influenced seaports differently. These results demonstrate that establishing a seaport-inland port dyad is a good way to compete with other seaports for larger market shares. These different effects can serve as a guideline for seaport authorities to choose suitable dyads to achieve their hinterland targets.

Aifan Li,1,* Tianyi Han,2,* Yongfang Li,1 Gaiqing Yang,3 Yuchao Zhang,4 Yanyang Huang,2 Baixue Zhou,2 Guoying Song,2 Ying He2 1Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Center Hospital of Zhengzhou Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450004, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, 453100, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying He; Guoying Song, Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13938517041 ; +86-13633827880, Email heying39@163.com; songguoying226@zzu.edu.cnBackground and Purpose: Studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2,3,9) plays an important role in the pathologic process of ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between C1306T, 1612– 5A/6A, C-1562T polymorphisms of MMP-2,3,9 genes and IS in Chinese Han population.Methods: The polymorphisms of MMP-2(C1306T), − 3(1612– 5A/6A), − 9(C-1562T) gene were detected by PCR-RFLP and SNaPshot sequencing. Then, stratified analysis was used to study the relationship between IS subtypes and MMP-2,3,9 polymorphisms.Results: For the MMP-2 gene C1306T polymorphism, TT genotype and T allele were significantly associated with a reduced risk of IS (P = 0.015, P = 0.003, respectively). T allele was significantly associated with a reduced risk of small artery occlusion (SAO) subtype compared with the control group (P = 0.012, OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.065– 1.291). For the MMP-3 gene-1612 (5A/6A) polymorphism, 5A/5A genotype was significantly increased in the IS group (P = 0.011, OR = 0.370, 95% CI = 0.168– 0.814), especially in the large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype (P = 0.001, OR = 2.345) as compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our study suggested that the T allele of MMP-2 may be a protective factor of IS, especially in SAO subtype, while the 5A/5A gene of MMP-3 may increase the risk of IS, especially in LAA subtype in Chinese Han population.Keywords: ischemic stroke, matrix metalloproteinase, polymorphism, association study