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Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic magnetic materials have attracted much attention because of their fascinating physical properties. However, low Curie temperature TC and small magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) limit their application prospects. Based on the density functional theory, we predict that Janus Mn2AsSb and Mn2PSb monolayers are 2D intrinsic ferromagnetic half-metals. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the TC values of these monolayers are about 385 and 334 K, respectively. The Mn2AsSb and Mn2PSb monolayers exhibit large MAEs of 415.2 and 450.6 μeV per Mn, respectively. Their ferromagnetism is robust against biaxial strain in the range from −10% to 10%. An energy band calculation with the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HES06) functional indicates that the half-metallic spin bandgaps are about 1.00 and 0.81 eV and the bandgaps on the spin-down channel are 2.67 and 2.53 eV for Mn2AsSb and Mn2PSb monolayers, respectively. These exciting electronic and magnetic properties make Janus Mn2XSb (X = As, P) monolayers promising candidate materials for 2D spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of ferromagnetic 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials has opened up opportunities for exploring and harnessing magnetism in low‐dimensional limit, and developing innovative paper‐like spintronic devices. Stress engineering demonstrates unique advantages in regulating material properties, especially for 2D materials. With the aid of first‐principles calculations, the effectiveness of strain engineering for modulating the electronic and magnetic properties of MSi2N4 (M = V, Cr) monolayers from a new family of layer‐structured 2D vdW materials is explored. Their magnetic configurations are effectively tuned via the uniaxial and biaxial tensile strain of in‐plane lattice vectors. VSi2N4 exhibits half‐metallic ferromagnetic character, whereas CrSi2N4 is prone to be antiferromagnetic (AFM), which is rationalized from the competition between the direct metal–metal AFM interaction and the 900 ferromagnetic superexchange. More intriguingly, VSi2N4 demonstrates a high magnetic ordering temperature of 285 K, which is close to room temperature. The predicted appealing properties of VSi2N4 under strain await experimental confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new regulatory subpopulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCregs), has been identified with both innate lymphoid cells and regulatory cells characteristics. The purpose of this study is to explore ILCregs and its associated miRNAs in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) by evaluating ILCregs frequency, associated miRNA quantification, and their significance. Using 4 color combinations of surface and intracellular antibody staining, the CD45+Lin−CD127+IL-10+ ILCregs from 30 healthy donors and 30 patients newly diagnosed with AA were measured by flow cytometry. Bone marrow cells were studied by next-generation sequence miRNAs quantification. Our results showed that the frequency of ILCregs in bone marrow cells from healthy donors (HD) and AA patients were 0.703 ± 0.941 and 0.171 ± 0.233%, respectively. The frequencies of ILCregs in AA patients were significantly lower than that in HD (p <0.05). miRNA detection results showed different expression patterns in the AA patient group comparing with HD. Comparing with HD, there were 52 miRNAs up-regulated and 130 miRNAs down-regulated from AA patients. Analysis of miRNAs from ILCregs associated genes demonstrated different miRNAs expression patterns between HD and AA patient. The present study demonstrated the deficiency of ILCregs and differential expression pattern of ILCregs gene-related miRNA in patients with AA. Further studies need to be done to explore the clinical significance of ILCregs and related miRNAs in patients with AA with large samples size and clinical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MiR-150-5p is an immune-related miRNA and elevated in the plasma of patients with aplastic anemia (AA), but its role in T cell activation in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is unclear. This study aims to explore the role of miR-150-5p in T cell activation of SAA. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein. The cell proportion was detected by flow cytometry. The lentiviruses expressing miR-150-5p inhibitor and Bach2 shRNA were respectively infected to produce stable miR-150-5p or Bach2 knockout cells. Brdu incorporation method was used to detect T cell proliferation. SAA mouse model was induced with cyclophosphamide and busulfan, and intravenous injection of LV inhibitor NC and LV-miR-150-5p inhibitor. The miR-150-5p expression is up-regulated in SAA, which is negatively correlated with Bach2. Inhibition of miR-150-5p reduces the activation of T cells. MiR-150-5p directly targeted 3′UTR of Bach2. Moreover, the expression of miR-150-5p and the activation of T cells were decreased in SAA mouse model. MiR-150-5p promotes T cell activation in SAA by targeting Bach2. Targeting miR-150-5p may be a new molecular therapy for SAA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports a case of advanced metastatic low‐grade sarcoma. The patient was diagnosed with an inoperable large (14 × 12 cm) lesion on his neck in September 2015 and underwent two ineffective chemotherapies in the following 4 months. Interestingly, although several pathologists could not agree on the histopathological diagnosis, the precise molecular pathological diagnosis was obtained using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and finally brought excellent therapeutic effects. The patient was detected to have CARS‐ALK fusion by NGS and then was successfully treated with crizotinib orally. He received surgical resection of primary and metastatic lesions after tumor shrinkage. The combined treatment brought a durable response for 40 months. Although the tumor recurred in July 2019, the patient has been responding well to the second‐line ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor alectinib to date. We performed whole genome sequencing on the patient's primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumors and did comprehensive genomic analysis. Furthermore, our analysis results revealed that a whole genome duplication event might have happened during tumorigenesis of this case. Key Points: To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a very successful treatment with first‐ and second‐line ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors for CARS‐ALK fusion–positive metastatic low‐grade sarcoma.Molecular pathological result can guide precision treatment for sarcoma, even when the exact histopathology cannot be obtained.Multiple samples from this patient were analyzed using whole genome sequencing. Results provided detailed genomic characteristics and showed tumor evolution of this low‐grade sarcoma case.A whole genome duplication event might have happened during tumorigenesis of this low‐grade sarcoma case. This article reports the case of a patient with advanced low‐grade sarcoma with uncertain histopathological diagnosis. Next‐generation sequencing detected CARS‐ALK fusion, which allowed for successful treatment using ALK inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, intrinsic 2D magnetism has aroused great interest because of its potential application in spintronic devices. However, low Curie temperature (Tc) and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) limit its application prospects. Here, using first‐principles calculations based on density‐functional theory, a series of stable MnXSe4 (X=As, Sb) single‐layer is predicted. The MAE of single‐layer MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4 is 648.76 and 808.95 μeV per Mn atom, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations suggest the Tc of single‐layer MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4 is 174 and 250 K, respectively. The energy band calculation with hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) function indicates the MnXSe4 (X = As, Sb) is ferromagnetic half‐metallic. Also, it has 100% spin‐polarization ratio at the Fermi level. For MnAsSe4 and MnSbSe4, the spin‐gaps are 1.59 and 1.48 eV, respectively. These excellent magnetic properties render MnXSe4 (X = As, Sb) as promising candidate materials for 2D spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Multiple lung lesions found in a single patient at the time of diagnosis often pose a diagnostic dilemma: are these lesions independent primary tumors (IPT) or the result of intrapulmonary metastases (IPM)? While traditional pathological methods sometimes have difficulty distinguishing IPM from IPT, modern molecular profiling based on next-generation sequencing techniques may provide a new strategy. Methods: Sixteen patients with multiple tumors were enrolled in this study. We performed targeted deep sequencing (~ 2000 × coverage) on a total of 40 tumors and matched blood samples. We compared mutational profiles between tumors within each patient and across patients to evaluate if they were genetically related. Computed tomographic images and histological staining were also used to validate tumor relationships. Results: A total of 125 mutations were identified in 16 patients. Twelve out of fourteen patients whose histological diagnoses favored IPT did not have any shared mutations in their multiple tumors. The other two showed discrepancies: Pt01 had a shared EGFR exon19 deletion in the two lung tumors found, and Pt16 had one common mutation (BRAFD594G) in two out of five lung tumors. Pt14 with lung metastasis from salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma had shared mutations; and Pt15 with suspected intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) had identical mutations between the two tumors. Visualized data can be readily accessed through the website: mlc.opengene.org. Conclusion: Analysis of overlapping mutations among different tumors assists physicians in distinguishing IPM from IPT. Our findings demonstrate that DNA sequencing can provide additional evidence in clinical practice when pathology is inadequate to make a conclusive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong evidence suggests that cryoprotectant accumulation during pre‐cold acclimation protects cells against freezing injuries caused by cellular dehydration. In this study, the concentrations of trehalose and glycerol were measured in Meloidogyne incognita and it was found that both cryoprotectants were significantly accumulated in second‐stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita after acclimation at 4°C. However, compared with non‐acclimated samples, only a higher level of trehalose was induced in the egg masses of M. incognita in response to cold treatment. Further characterizations indicated that pre‐cold acclimation efficiently accelerated the speed of larvae hatching from egg masses that were subjected to freezing at −1°C. In addition, the survival rate and pathogenicity of M. incognita J2 that had been acclimated prior to freezing were significantly enhanced when compared with non‐acclimated J2 individuals. As far as we know, this is the first time that this phenomenon has been reported in M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal malignancy characterized by recurrent gene mutations. Genomic heterogeneity, patients' individual variability, and recurrent gene mutations are the major obstacles among many factors that impact treatment efficacy of the AML patients. With the application of cost- and time-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, an enormous diversity of genetic mutations has been identified. The recurrent gene mutations and their important roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis have been studied extensively. In this review, we summarize the recent development on the gene mutation in patients with AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we retrospectively summarized the differences of molecular gene mutations between MDS and AML patients, as well as the young and older age groups of MDS and AML patients. We also analyzed the response of newly diagnosed AML patients to standard DA or IA induction chemotherapy and the relationship between the chemotherapy outcome and the frequency of different gene mutation abnormalities. Methods: NGS assay covering 43 genes was studied in 93 de novo MDS and 325 non-M3 AML patients. Bone marrow samples from all patients underwent gene mutational analysis by NGS. Results: At least one non-synonymous gene mutation was detected in 279 AML patients (85.8%) and 85 MDS patients (91.4%). Contrary to 59 years and younger AML patients, there was a significantly higher incidence of gene mutation in 60 years and older AML patients (2.37 vs 1.94, p = 0.034). Gene mutation incidence in 60 years and older MDS patients increased, but no statistical significance was present (1.95 vs 1.64, p = 0.216). AML patients had a significantly higher gene mutation incidence compared with MDS-MLD patients (2.02 vs 1.63, p = 0.046). Gene mutation incidence was higher in patients with MDS-EB1/EB2 compared with patients with MDS-MLD but there was no statistical significance present (2.14 vs 1.63, p = 0.081). AML patients had significantly higher incidences of CEBPA, FLT3-ITD, DNMT3A, NPM1 and IDH1/2 gene mutations (p = 0.0043, 0.000, 0.030962, 0.002752, and 0.000628, respectively) and a lower incidence of TET2 and U2AF1 gene mutations (p = 0.000004 and 0.000, respectively) compared with MDS patients. Among the individual genes in different age groups, there were significantly higher incidences of RUNX1, IDH2, TP53 and SF3B1 gene mutations (p = 0.0478, 0.0028, 0.0024 and 0.005, respectively) as well as a trend of higher ASXL gene mutation (p = 0.057) in 60 years and older AML patients compared to 59 years and younger patients. There was no statistically significant difference in MDS patients with the different age groups and among the individual genes. Between AML patients and MDS patients among the different gene functional groups, AML patients had a significantly higher incidence of transcriptional deregulation (27.4% vs 15.1%, p = 0.014963), activated signalling (36.3% vs 10.8%, p = 0.000002) related gene mutations as well as a significantly lower incidence of RNA spliceosome (6.15% vs 60.1%, p = 0.000) related gene mutations. Furthermore, among the patients who received either IA or DA regimen for induction chemotherapy, patients with IA regimen had a significantly better CR rate than those with DA regimen (76.6% vs 57.1%, p = 0.0228). Conclusions: Different gene mutations had been found in majority of MDS and AML patients. MDS and AML patients had different gene mutation patterns. AML patients with fewer or no gene mutations had a better chance of achieving CR when treated with IA and DA regimen induction chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the wake flow evolution of power-law flow past three tandem cylinders with identical diameter and spacing at a low incoming Reynolds number of Re = 80. The flow characteristics of power-law fluid with variable power-law index n are examined at spacing ratios of L/D = 3, 5, and 8 (where L is the spacing between the centers of two adjacent cylinders and D is the cylinder diameter). Three combined wake interference regimes are identified, including the overshoot-overshoot, overshoot-alternate reattachment, and alternate reattachment-quasi-co-shedding regimes, which are distinctly illustrated from the dynamic mode decomposition results. The quasi-co-shedding regime mainly occurs between the middle and downstream cylinders (denoted as C2 and C3, respectively) when L/D = 5 and L/D = 8. The switching of wake regime contributes to the sudden changes of hydrodynamic coefficients of the cylinders. Nevertheless, due to the shadowing effect, the drags of C2 and C3 remain to smaller than that of the upstream cylinder (denoted as C1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]