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Objective To establish a new glioma cell line and analyze its biological characteristics, and to provide a useful cellular tool with new features for cancer research. Methods Glioma tissue was taken from surgical specimen clinical of a clinical patient. Primary culture was carried out, and a cell line (SHG139) was established after 10 passages. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to deled the expression of proteins, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected by flow cytometry method (FCM). The biological characteristics of SHG139 cells were detected by chromosome karyotype analysis. SHG139s glioma cells derived from SHG139 glioma cell line were cultured with neural stem cell medium. Then stem cell markers were determined. SHG139s cells were induced with serum-containing medium, and their expression of A2B5, GFAP, β-III tubulin, and GalC was detected. Intracranial xenograft tumor of both SHG139 glioma cells and SHG139s glioma stem cell spheres was generated in rats. Results The expressions of A2B5, GalC, GFAP, S-100, and vimentin in the 20 and 60 passages of SHG139 cells were positive, consistent with the immunohistochemical results and pathological features. SHG139 cells proliferated significantly within 24 h after subculture, and their total number of chromosomes was 68 and mostly multiploid. They were positive for A2B5 (84. 12 ±9.96)% , nestin (73. 86 ±5.01)%, and NG2 (73. 37 ±2.09)%. SHG139s cells were induced, and the ratio of positive cells of GFAP, (β-III tubulin and GalC was (92. 89 ±2. 24)% , (64.85 ±4.09)% and (33.57 ±4. 14)%, respectively. Conclusions SHG139 is an astroglioma cell line, from which SHG139s cells can lie successfully obtained by culture with NSCM. SHG139s cells are of A2B5+ /CD133- GSCs subgroup cells, with potentials of sell-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Compared with the intracranial SHG139 xenograft tumor, the intracranial SHG139s xenograft tumor is more malignant and aggressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier that maintains brain homeostasis, but it is also one of the major problems that must be overcome in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs. To solve this problem, Salidroside (Sal) and Icariin (Ica), drugs with neuroprotective effects were loaded into liposomes, and the targeting molecule Angiopep-2 was modified on the surface of liposomes (Ang-Sal/Ica-Lip), so that the constructed nano-drug delivery system could effectively cross the BBB and exert anti-AD effects. The prepared liposomes exhibited ideal physicochemical properties. In vitro and in vivo targeting studies showed that Ang-Sal/Ica liposome could cross the BBB to increase drug accumulation in the brain, and increase the uptake of N2a cells and bEnd.3 cells. The pharmacodynamic analysis in vivo showed that Ang-Sal/Ica liposome could reverse neuronal and synaptic damage, inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve learning and cognitive function. Therefore, Ang-Sal/Ica liposome may be a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating AD-related symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the integration of solar energy via parabolic trough collectors (PTC) with the Goswami cycle, focusing on evaluating life cycle costs (LCC) and energy performance in both steady-state and transient conditions. A suitable system configuration of a single-turbine Goswami cycle is designed for integration with PTC. Then, in the system's steady-state, a parametric study is performed based on the change in the design components. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization method using energy and lifetime cost objectives are defined to identify the best system performance. This optimization technique utilizes artificial neural network (ANN) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm. Accordingly, the transient performance of the system is investigated during its optimal operating point using the TRNSYS software. Suitable controllers are considered for regulating power production and cooling system. Annual transient performance graphs of the systems are obtained. Following these investigations, a novel multi-turbine system is proposed. This configuration aims to enhance system reliability and diminish the reliance on storage devices by optimizing performance. The proper configuration of the five-turbine system with the required controllers is also provided. Hence, the method of dividing the turbine into similar turbines with lower capacity is a new concept proposed in this study. In the optimal state, it is observed that for 100 kW of net power output, 161 kW of effective cooling load can be achieved. At this configuration, the system's LCC amounts to 2.91 M. Moreover, during transient operation, an average power of 90 kW is attainable with a cooling load of 120 kW. The findings indicate that modifying the system from single turbine to five-turbines incurs an additional cost of approximately 9.2 % and reduces power output by 6 %. However, this modification significantly mitigates the transient impact of solar fluctuations. • Solar cooling-power system is optimized through AI and Grey Wolf algorithm. • Transient performance of the proposed system is evaluated at optimum conditions. • Five-turbine modification is proposed to mitigate the sunlight intermittence effect. • At constant 100 kW power optimized 161 kW cooling and 2.91 m$ LCC were achieved. • Transient performance results confirmed the five-turbine modification reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting delivery to the infection site and good affinity of vehicle to the bacterial are two main concerns in therapy of bacterial infection, and on-demand release of drug is another important issue. In this work, a liposome drug delivery system (HA/P/BAI-lip) incorporated with baicalein and modified by PHMG and HA was prepared. Several characterizations were conducted to examine the physical properties of liposome. Then it was applied to treatments of MRSA induced dorsal subcutaneous abscess model and the thigh muscle infected model. The presence of guanidine group in HA/P/BAI-lip rendered the liposome satisfactory bacterial target ability and good pH sensitive properties. The lipase secreted by bacterial could promote the hydrolysis of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in liposome. The modification of HA in HA/P/BAI-lip could lead the drug system to the exact infected site where CD44 was abundant because of inflammation. The low pH microenvironment characteristic of bacterial infection could induce the swelling of liposome following by degradation. Taken together, baicalein could be released selectively at the infected site to exert antibacterial capacity. HA/P/BAI-lip showed impressive antibacterial ability and dramatically decrease the bacterial burden of infection site and alleviate the infiltration of inflammatory cells, facilitating the recovery of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• UC was employed as the disease model to compare the curative effects of raw and processed T. chebula , consistent with its traditional uses. • Analyzed the mechanism of enhanced efficacy of processed T. chebula using intestinal flora-metabolomics. • The sand stir-frying method was employed to process T. chebula , similar to ancient methods. Terminalia chebula is a classical medicine for the treatment of lingering dysentery, and both raw and processed T. chebula can alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC). The therapeutic efficacy of T. chebula is enhanced after processing, but the mechanism that processing improves this efficacy is still unknown. We investigated the medicinal effects of raw and processed T. chebula on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model rats using intestinal flora and metabolomics analyses, in order to elucidate the mechanism by which processing enhances the therapeutic effect. The major constituents of raw and processed T. chebula were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). UC model was replicated using the DSS method, and then UC rats were administered raw and processed T. chebula. The general physical signs, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon histopathological morphology, and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of T. chebula. In addition, 16 s rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to characterize the intestinal flora and contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was utilized to identify the nontargeted fecal metabolites. Raw and processed T. chebula significantly improved the general physical signs and colon inflammatory symptoms and decreased DAI scores of UC rats. Both raw and processed T. chebula mitigated intestinal flora disorders in UC rats, increasing probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Romboutsia. However, the effect of processed T. chebula was more pronounced. Moreover, the levels of SCFAs of DSS-induced UC rats were restored after drug administration, and the processed T. chebula had a better regulatory effect than raw T. chebula. In the fecal nontargeted metabolomics analysis, differential metabolites such as lipids and amino acids were identified. The processed T. chebula can regulate purine metabolism and other pathways to improve UC, and the levels of the disordered metabolites gradually approached those of the control group. Raw and processed T. chebula had the capacity to mitigate DSS-induced UC by rebalancing the intestinal flora, restoring the contents of SCFAs, and regulating fecal metabolites, while processed T. chebula showed preferable effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geothermal power generation programs are crucial due to their long-term sustainability and environmentally friendly characteristics, particularly for potential energy-based applications in the future. Innovative designs can yield improve efficien by mitigating irreversibility, resulting in enhanced power production. Hence, this study investigates an innovative cascade thermal design model that employs geothermal resources to enhance the efficiency and output of low-temperature power generation systems, specifically through the integration of organic flash and organic Rankine cycles. Additionally, this model introduces a novel cogeneration approach by incorporating a desalination unit based on humidification-dehumidification processes, aiming to concurrently produce electricity and fresh water. Employing a combination of thermodynamic analysis and financial assessment, the system's performance was simulated and optimized in MATLAB, using the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) method. A sensitivity analysis preceded the optimization, leading to the development of three distinct optimization scenarios focused on balancing power and freshwater production, maximizing exergetic efficiency and net present value, and optimizing fixed capital investment for maximum financial viability. The results highlight the second scenario as particularly effective, achieving a power generation of 254.3 kW, an exergetic efficiency of 44.84 %, and a net present value of $405,099. Conversely, the third scenario offers the best balance between freshwater production capacity (0.504 kg/s), fixed capital investment ($820,822), and a payback period of 7.12 years. This research demonstrates the potential of integrating advanced thermal models with geothermal resources for sustainable and efficient energy and freshwater production, marking a significant step forward in the development of eco-friendly cogeneration systems. • Proposing an innovative geothermal-driven combined power plant and desalination process. • Thermodynamic/financial analysis and multi-criteria optimization using MOPSO algorithm. • Conducting comprehensive sensitivity analysis and three different optimization scenarios. • ε cycle − NPV scenario shows superior exergy efficiency and NPV at 44.84 % and 405,099 $. • FCI − NPV scenario shows the lowest FCI and payback period of 820,822 $, and 7.12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel formulation can effectively target and inhibit activated macrophages. • The modification of BSA increases the targeting of BSA-Res@Ms. • BSA-Res@Ms enhance Res targeting ability and increase bioavailability. • BSA-Res@Ms have good pH sensitivity and can quickly release Res. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, leading to severe inflammatory infiltration and joint damage, accompanied by a decrease in pH of joint microenvironment. Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, with high expression of bovine serum albumin (BSA) receptors on the surface of macrophages. Resveratrol (Res) has strong anti-inflammatory effects, but its application is limited due to its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Therefore, we constructed pH-sensitive micelles by encapsulating Res and modifying BSA on the surface of the micelles (BSA-Res@Ms), thereby greatly improving the therapeutic effect of RA. Our research results indicated that BSA-Res@Ms had a smooth and uniform appearance, small particle size, high drug encapsulation efficiency, good stability, and pH-sensitive properties. In vitro, BSA-Res@Ms increased the uptake of Res by RAW264.7 cells, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cleared excess ROS produced by activated RAW264.7 cells, and inhibited the generation of osteoclasts. In vivo, BSA-Res@Ms could target inflamed joint sites, significantly alleviate joint inflammation symptoms, inhibit activated macrophages, improve synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, and protect cartilage. BSA-Res@Ms provide a very promising method for the treatment of RA, which can effectively improve the inflammatory manifestations of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a gastric-retentive delivery system was prepared by a novel method which is reported here for the first time. An innovative floating and bioadhesive drug delivery system with a hollow structure was designed and prepared. The floating and bioadhesive drug delivery system was composed of a hollow spherical shell, a waterproof layer (Stearic acid), a drug layer (Ofloxacin), a release retarding film (the novel blended coating materials) and a bioadhesive layer (Carbomer 934P) prepared by using a liquid multi-layering process. A novel blended coating material was designed and investigated to solve the problem of the initial burst release of the formulation and the release mechanism of the novel material was analyzed in this study. The optimized formulation provided the sustained release characteristic and was able to float for 24 h. The SEM cross-section images showed that the particulates were hollow with a spherical shell. X-ray images and pharmacokinetic studies (F rel = 124.1 ± 28.9%) in vivo showed that the gastric-retentive delivery system can be retained in the stomach for more than 6 h. The floating and bioadhesive particulate drug delivery system based on a hollow structure with a dual function presented here is a viable alternative to other for gastroretentive drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium-Mn (MMn) steels have received much research attention recently because their low austenitisation temperature enables low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS). However, the effect of the initial state of the material on the hot stamping performance is still unknown. In this study, the effect of different initial states on the deformation behaviour of a typical MMn steel during uniaxial tensile testing under LTHS conditions (deformation at 500–600 °C under strain rates of 0.01–1 s−1) are investigated using a Gleeble 3800 materials simulator; the final mechanical properties after austenitising and quenching are also examined. The microstructure of each material state before and after the LTHS heating cycle is characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Of the three states investigated the hot rolled and annealed (HRA) state shows the best hot deformation performance represented by larger strain hardening exponent and higher total elongation, followed by the cold-rolled (CR) state, with the cold-rolled and annealed (CRA) state exhibiting the worst performance. The final mechanical properties, however, are very similar among the three states. In addition, the yield point phenomenon is found during hot deformation in both the CR and CRA states, and absent in the HRA state. The hot deformation behaviour has been discussed in terms of differences in microstructural properties, namely the grain size and its degree of heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium manganese (MMn) steels are a promising class of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) with potential for application as vehicle panels in the automotive industry. In this study, the deformation behaviour of a representative cold-rolled MMn steel and its dependence on processing parameters are studied using uniaxial tensile testing under low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS) conditions, covering austenitisation soaking times of 60–600 s, deformation temperatures of 500–700 °C and strain rates of 0.01–5 s−1. A yield point phenomenon is observed for the first time in the early stage of deformation at such temperatures in this MMn steel, which has a submicron grain size. The extent of the yield point phenomenon is reduced, and strain hardening capability and total elongation are enhanced, with longer austenitisation soaking times, which give coarser-grained microstructures. The yield point phenomenon also tends to be weaker at higher deformation temperatures and lower strain rates; under these conditions, both the flow stress and the degree of strain hardening decrease, while the total elongation is insensitive to differences in deformation conditions. The mechanisms for the deformation behaviour and its dependence on test conditions are discussed. In addition, a set of unified constitutive equations is established and calibrated using the experimental data to predict the deformation behaviour of the MMn steel under uniaxial LTHS conditions, and close agreement with experiment, including the yield point phenomenon, is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the austenite transformation behaviour in a medium-Mn (MMn) steel is investigated during heat treatments that replicate those occurring in low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS), with the aim of better understanding this behaviour to optimise heat-treatment design. The austenitisation behaviour and critical phase transformation temperatures during the LTHS heating process and their dependence on heating conditions are investigated using dilatometry with a Gleeble 3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, covering heating rates of 1–25 °C s−1 and soaking temperatures of 630–900 °C. Both a higher heating rate and higher soaking temperature are found to be beneficial to shorten the time required for obtaining a given austenite fraction. The martensite start temperature (M s) shows a rapid increase with increasing soaking temperatures when austenitisation is partial, and a slower increase after full austenitisation. Excellent ultimate tensile strength values of around 1750 MPa and total elongation values of around 9.3 % are obtained for the material after the LTHS heating process. A physically based model describing the austenitic transformation under these conditions has been adopted and calibrated. The model shows good agreement with austenitic transformation diagrams constructed from experimental data, and thus can function as a guide for selecting optimum heat-treatment parameters for LTHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports a novel 2000 MPa grade ultra-strong hot stamping steel, which contains lath martensite, nanometer-sized film-shaped retained austenite and precipitates. The yield strength significantly increases with increasing tempering temperature as the precipitation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and reducing microstructure residual stress. Multi-strengthening mechanisms (i.e. grain refinement strengthening, precipitation strengthening and transformation-induced plasticity effect) work together to improve the strength and plasticity at the same time. The yield strength reached 1600 MPa, together with an ultimate tensile strength of 1939 MPa and total elongation of 9.14% when tempered at 573 K. Compared with commercial 22mnB5 steel, the tested steels have remarkable improvement in mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resistance of intracellular pathogens is a challenge in microbial therapy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is able to persist inside the cells of infected tissues, is protected from attack by the immune system and many antimicrobial agents. To overcome these limitations, nano-delivery systems can be used for targeted therapy of intracellular MRSA., Methods: Hyaluronic acid-modified azithromycin/quercetin micelles (HA-AZI/Qe-M) were synthesized by thin film hydration. The micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The uptake ability of RAW264.7 cells was investigated, and its distribution in mice was evaluated by in vivo imaging. The inhibitory effect of the micelles against MRSA in vitro and its ability to eliminate intracellular bacteria were evaluated. Bacterial muscle-infected mice were constructed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the micelles on bacterial infections in vivo and the biocompatibility of the micelles was investigated., Results: HA-AZI/Qe-M had suitable physical and chemical properties and characterization. In vitro a ntibacterial experiments showed that HA-AZI/Qe-M could effectively inhibit the growth of MRSA, inhibit and eliminate the biofilm formed by MRSA, and have an excellent therapeutic effect on intracellular bacterial infection. The results of RAW264.7 cells uptake and in vivo imaging showed that HA-AZI/Qe-M could increase the cellular uptake, target the infection site, and prolong the treatment time. The results of in vivo antibacterial infection experiments showed that HA-AZI/Qe-M was able to ameliorate the extent of thigh muscle infections in mice and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors., Conclusion: HA-AZI/Qe-M is a novel and effective nano-drug delivery system that can target intracellular bacterial infection, and it is expected to be safely used for the treatment of MRSA infection., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Zhang et al.)

As the aging population continues to increase, aging-related inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative diseases have become serious global health threats. Resveratrol, a star molecule in natural polyphenols, has been widely reported to have physiological activities such as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotection. However, its poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, low bioavailability and poor targeting ability, which limits its application. Accordingly, a brain-targeted resveratrol liposome (ANG-RES-LIP) was developed to solve these issues. Experimental results showed that ANG-RES-LIP has a uniform size distribution, good biocompatibility, and a drug encapsulation rate of over 90%. Furthermore, in vitro cell experiments showed that the modification of the targeting ligand ANG significantly increased the capability of RES to cross the BBB and neuronal uptake. Compared with free RES, ANG-RES-LIP demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity and the ability to rescue oxidatively damaged cells from apoptosis. Additionally, ANG-RES-LIP showed the ability to repair damaged neuronal mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that ANG-RES-LIP improved cognitive function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation levels in the brains of aging model mice, repairing damaged neurons and glial cells, and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In summary, this study not only provides a new method for further development and application of resveratrol but also a promising strategy for preventing and treating age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Background: The preservation of the Lingguizhugan (LGZG) decoction and patient compliance issue often limit the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Hence, herein, an LGZG oral solution was developed for alleviating MASLD. Additionally, the potential mechanisms underlying LGZG-mediated MASLD mitigation were explored., Methods: A MASLD mouse model was constructed using oleic and palmitic acid-induced LO2 cells and a high-fat diet. The apoptosis, lipid deposition, and mouse liver function were analyzed to assess the therapeutic effects of the LGZG oral solution on MASLD. Serum untargeted metabolomics, gut microbiota, bile acid (BA) metabolism, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analyses were performed to investigate the potential mechanism of action of LGZG oral solution on MASLD., Results: The LGZG oral solution ameliorated lipid deposition, oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological damage. Serum untargeted metabolomics results revealed the LGZG-mediated regulation of the primary BA biosynthetic pathway. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of the fecal microbiota showed that LGZG oral solution increased the relative abundance of the BA metabolism-associated Bacteroides , Akkermansia , and decreased that of Lactobacillus . Additionally, the BA metabolism analysis results revealed a decrease in the total taurine-α/β-muricholic acid levels, whereas those of deoxycholic acid were increased, which activated specific receptors in the liver and ileum, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Activation of FXR resulted in an increase in short heterodimer partner and subsequent inhibition of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression, and activation of FXR also results in the upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 expression, and consequently inhibition of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, which correlated with hepatic BA synthesis and lipogenesis, ultimately attenuating lipid deposition and bile acid stasis, thereby improving MASLD., Conclusion: Altogether, the findings of this study suggest that modulating microbiota-BA-FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway may be a potential mechanism of action of LGZG oral solution for the treatment of MASLD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Zang, Yu, Liu, Cao, Guo, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Li and Kong.)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in gene regulation. Circulating miRNAs have been developed as novel candidate non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response for diseases. However, miRNAs that have causal effects on Parkinson's Disease (PD) remain largely unknown. To investigate the causal relationships between miRNAs and PD, here we conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) study., Methods: This study utilized the summary-level data of respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 2083 miRNAs and seven PD-related outcomes to comprehensively reveal the causal associations between the circulating miRNAs and PD. Two-sample MR design was deployed and the causal effects were estimated with inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Comprehensively sensitive analyses were followed, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, to validate the robustness of our results. Finally, we investigated the potential role of the MR significant miRNAs by predicting their target genes and functional enrichment analysis., Results: Inverse variance weighted estimates suggested that two miRNAs, miR-205-5p (β = -0.46, 95%CI: -0.690 to -0.229, p  = 9.3 × 10 -5 ) and miR-6800-5p (β = -0.389, 95%CI: -0.575 to -0.202, p  = 4.32 × 10 -5 ), significantly decreased the rate of cognitive decline among PD patients. In addition, eight miRNAs were nominally associated with more than three PD-related outcomes each. No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the targets of these causal miRNAs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, apoptotic, and aging pathways., Conclusion: This MR study identified two miRNAs whose genetically regulated expression might have a causal role in the development of PD dementia. Our findings provided potential miRNA biomarkers to make better and early diagnoses and risk assessments of PD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shi, Wu, Li, Zhao, Yin and Zhu.)

Background: The intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of gliomas and the complex tumor microenvironment make accurate treatment of gliomas challenging. At present, research on gliomas mainly relies on cell lines, stem cell tumor spheres, and xenotransplantation models. The similarity between traditional tumor models and patients with glioma is very low., Aims: In this study, we aimed to address the limitations of traditional tumor models by generating patient-derived glioma organoids using two methods that summarized the cell diversity, histological features, gene expression, and mutant profiles of their respective parent tumors and assess the feasibility of organoids for personalized treatment., Materials and Methods: We compared the organoids generated using two methods through growth analysis, immunohistological analysis, genetic testing, and the establishment of xenograft models., Results: Both types of organoids exhibited rapid infiltration when transplanted into the brains of adult immunodeficient mice. However, organoids formed using the microtumor method demonstrated more similar cellular characteristics and tissue structures to the parent tumors. Furthermore, the microtumor method allowed for faster culture times and more convenient operational procedures compared to the Matrigel method., Discussion: Patient-derived glioma organoids, especially those generated through the microtumor method, present a promising avenue for personalized treatment strategies. Their capacity to faithfully mimic the cellular and molecular characteristics of gliomas provides a valuable platform for elucidating tumor biology and evaluating therapeutic modalities., Conclusion: The success rates of the Matrigel and microtumor methods were 45.5% and 60.5%, respectively. The microtumor method had a higher success rate, shorter establishment time, more convenient passage and cryopreservation methods, better simulation of the cellular and histological characteristics of the parent tumor, and a high genetic guarantee., (© 2024 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Background: The high invasiveness and infiltrative nature of Glioblastoma (GBM) pose significant challenges for surgical removal. This study aimed to investigate the role of KCNA1 in GBM progression., Methods: CCK8, colony formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, and 3D tumor spheroid invasion assays were to determine how KCNA1 affects the growth and invasion of GBM cells. Subsequently, to confirm the impact of KCNA1 in ferroptosis, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were conducted. To ascertain the impact of KCNA1 in vivo, patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models were established., Results: In functional assays, KCNA1 promotes the growth and invasion of GBM cells. Besides, KCNA1 can increase the expression of SLC7A11 and protect cells from ferroptosis. The vivo experiments demonstrated that knocking down KCNA1 inhibited the growth and infiltration of primary tumors in mice and extended survival time., Conclusion: Therefore, our research suggests that KCNA1 may promote tumor growth and invasion by upregulating the expression of SLC7A11 and inhibiting ferroptosis, making it a promising therapeutic target for GBM., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

DMC-HA, a novel HDAC inhibitor, has previously demonstrated antiproliferative activity against various cancers, including gliomas. However, the role of DMC-HA in the regulation of EMT and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of DMC-HA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in human gliomas and the underlying mechanisms involved. Our results showed that TGF-β1 induced EMT of U87 and U251 cells, leading to a decrease in epithelial marker ZO-1 and an increase in mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin. Moreover, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells. However, treatment with DMC-HA effectively inhibited the augmented migration and invasion of glioma cells induced by TGF-β1. Additionally, DMC-HA inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT by suppressing canonical Smad pathway and non-canonical TGF-β/Akt and Erk signalling pathways. These findings suggest that DMC-HA has potential therapeutic implications for gliomas by inhibiting EMT progression.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system, is characterized by poor survival and high recurrence. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are key to treating GBM and are regulated by various signaling pathways. Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, plays an important regulatory role in many biological processes. Ring finger protein 138 (RNF138) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in several tumors; however, its role in GBM is unclear. This study investigated whether RNF138 regulates the self-renewal ability of glioma stem GSCs to treat GBM., Materials and Methods: The expression of RNF138 in glioma tissues and its correlation with GSCs were analyzed using bioinformatics. Short hairpin ribonucleic acid (RNA) was designed to downregulate the expression of RNF138 in GSCs, and immunofluorescence, secondary pellet formation, and western blotting were used to detect changes in GSC markers and self-renewal ability. The effects of RNF138 on p53 protein expression were determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The effects of RNF138 on the self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities of GSCs were evaluated in vivo., Results: RNF138 expression was higher in glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues, and was highly expressed in GSCs. RNF138 downregulation significantly decreased the expression of the GSC markers cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133) and nestin. Mechanistically, RNF138 may interfere with the self-renewal ability of GSCs by regulating the expression of p53. RNF138 downregulation in vivo prolonged survival time and regulated the expression of p53 protein in tumor-bearing mice., Conclusion: RNF138 may regulate the expression of p53 protein through ubiquitination, thereby affecting the self-renewal and tumorigenic ability of GSCs. This study provides a scientific basis for the treatment of glioblastoma by targeting RNF138 to inhibit GSCs., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor, and its behavior is closely related to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). We found that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in glioma and that its expression is correlated with the prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in two databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas. Additionally, EZH2 is known to regulate the stemness-associated gene expression, proliferation, and invasion ability of GSCs, which may be achieved through the activation of the STAT3 and Notch1 pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of the EZH2-specific inhibitor GSK126 on GSCs; these results not only corroborate our hypothesis, but also provide a potential novel treatment approach for glioma., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the first-line treatment for patients with moderate-to-high surgical risk of severe aortic stenosis. Paravalvular leakage (PVL) is a serious complication of TAVR, and aortic valve calcification contributes to the occurrence of PVL. This study aimed to investigate the effect of location and quantity of calcification in the aortic valve complex (AVC) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) on PVL after TAVR., Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of quantity and location of aortic valve calcification on PVL after TAVR using observational studies from PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to February 16, 2022., Results: Twenty-four observational studies with 6,846 patients were included in the analysis. A high quantity of calcium was observed in 29.6% of the patients; they showed a higher risk of significant PVL. There was heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 15%). In the subgroup analysis, PVL after TAVR was associated with the quantity of aortic valve calcification, especially those located in the LVOT, valve leaflets, and the device landing zone. A high quantity of calcium was associated with PVL, regardless of expandable types or MDCT thresholds used. However, for valves with sealing skirt, the amount of calcium has no significant effect on the incidence of PVL., Conclusion: Our study elucidated the effect of aortic valve calcification on PVL and showed that the quantity and location of aortic valve calcification can help predict PVL. Furthermore, our results provide a reference for the selection of MDCT thresholds before TAVR. We also showed that balloon-expandable valves may not be effective in patients with high calcification, and valves with sealing skirts instead of those without sealing skirts should be applied more to prevent PVL from happening., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=354630, identifier: CRD42022354630., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Shi, Li, Zhang, Han, Wang, Pei, Li, Zhao, Wang, Han and Chen.)

Background: Sex-related differences in cancer epidemiology, tumor biology, immune system activity, and pharmacogenomics have been suggested to be important considerations for precision cancer control. Here we elucidated systematically sex biases in genetic variants, gene expression profiles, and immunological landscapes of lung adenocarcinoma patients (LUADs) with different ancestry and smoking status., Methods: Somatic mutation and mRNA expression data of Asian and Non-Asian LUADs were obtained from public databases. Sex-biased genetic mutations, gene expression, biological pathways, and immune infiltration were identified in the context of smoking status and race., Results: Among nonsmokers, male-biased mutations were prevalent in Asian LUADs, while few sex-biased mutations were detected in Non-Asian LUADs. EGFR was the only mutation whose frequency was significantly higher in females than males in both Asian and Non-Asian nonsmokers. More genes exhibited sex-biased expression in Non-Asian LUADs compared to Asian LUADs. Moreover, genes distinctly expressed in females were mainly related to immune-related pathways, whereas those in males were more involved in activation of DNA repair, E2F_targets, and MYC_targets pathways. We also detected sex-specific immune infiltration in the context of genetic variation. In EGFR-mutant LUADs, males had a significantly increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells, whereas resting CD4 + memory T cells were more abundant in females. Additionally, in KRAS-mutant LUADs, CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were more abundant in females than males. In addition, we detected all female patients with high SCGB3A2 expression were exclusively sensitive to immunotherapy, while this phenomenon was not observed in male patients., Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence that sex-related molecular and cellular components are involved in shaping tumor distinct genetic and immune features, which might have important impact on personalized targeted and immune therapy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the important cause of tumorigenesis, recurrence, and chemo(radio)resistance in glioma. Targeting GSCs helps improve the outcomes of glioma treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which is highly conserved. In recent years, it has been suggested that increased levels of PLK1 and its activity are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify whether PLK1 plays a critical role in stemness maintenance and apoptosis regulation in GSCs. Here we identify that PLK1 inhibition can induce apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs, we have also delineat the possible underlying molecular mechanisms: PLK1 interacts with YBX1 and directly phosphorylates serine 174 and serine 176 of YBX1. Inhibition of PLK1 reduces the phosphorylation level of YBX1, and decreased phosphorylation of YBX1 prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. We confirmed that YBX1 knockdown resulted in the apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. These findings uncover that PLK1 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage in GSCs through YBX1 phosphorylation, providing new insights into the mechanism by which PLK1 inhibition contributes to the apoptosis of and DNA damage in gliomas., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

We determined the antitumor mechanism of apatinib in glioma using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) glioma mouse model and glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. The PDOX mouse model was established using tumor tissues from two glioma patients via single-cell injections. Sixteen mice were successfully modeled and randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 8/group): apatinib and normal control. Survival analysis and in vivo imaging was performed to determine the effect of apatinib on glioma proliferation in vivo. Candidate genes in GBM cells that may be affected by apatinib treatment were screened using RNA-sequencing coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases, and immunohistochemistry analysis of clinical high-grade glioma pathology samples. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed to assess gene expression and the apatinib-mediated effect on glioma cell malignancy. Apatinib inhibited the proliferation and malignancy of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) was identified as a potential target of apatinib that lead to inhibited glioma cell proliferation. Apatinib-mediated THBS1 downregulation in glioma cells was confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. Co-IP and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that THBS1 could interact with myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) in glioma cells. Simultaneous THBS1 overexpression and MYH9 knockdown suppressed glioma cell invasion and migration. These data suggest that apatinib targets THBS1 in glioma cells, potentially via MYH9, to inhibit glioma cell malignancy and may provide novel targets for glioma therapy., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are grade IV central nervous system tumors characterized by a poor prognosis and a short median overall survival. Effective induction of GBM cell death is difficult because the GBM cell population is genetically unstable, resistant to chemotherapy and highly angiogenic. In recent studies, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is shown to scavenge ubiquitin from oncogenic protein substrates, so effective inhibition of USP7 may be a potential key treatment for GBM., Methods: Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect the expression of USP7 in GBM tissues. In vitro apoptosis assay of USP7 inhibition was performed by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Anti-apoptotic substrates of USP7 were defined by Co-IP and TMT proteomics. Western blotting and IP were used to verify the relationship between USP7 and its substrate. In an in vivo experiment using an intracranial xenograft model in nude mice was constructed to assess the therapeutic effect of target USP7., Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blotting confirmed that USP7 was significantly upregulated in glioblastoma samples. In in vitro experiments, inhibition of USP7 in GBM induced significant apoptosis. Co-IP and TMT proteomics identified a key anti-apoptotic substrate of USP7, ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4). Western blotting and IP confirmed that USP7 interacted directly with ARF4 and catalyzed the removal of the K48-linked polyubiquitinated chain that binded to ARF4. In addition, in vivo experiments revealed that USP7 inhibition significantly suppressed tumor growth and promoted the expression of apoptotic genes., Conclusions: Targeted inhibition of USP7 enhances the ubiquitination of ARF4 and ultimately mediates the apoptosis of GBM cells. In a clinical sense, P5091 as a novel specific inhibitor of USP7 may be an effective approach for the treatment of GBM., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Recurrent high-grade glioma, a malignant tumor of the brain or spinal cord associated with poor prognosis with a median survival of <6 months. Recurrent high-grade glioma does not have standard treatment even if some strategies have some effect in recurrent gliomas. Apatinib, as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor shown to be effective in treating the lung and gastric cancer. The present study investigated the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with dose-dense regimens of temozolomide for treating recurrent glioma., Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with recurrent high-grade glioma were enrolled and treated with apatinib (500 mg/day) and TMZ (50 mg/m 2 /day). Patients who achieved partial response or stable disease continued treatment. Administration of drug was terminated for patients with progressive disease, who could not tolerate toxicity, and who required discontinuation due to other medical conditions., Results: From the 18 cases, only 17 were included in the evaluation of the curative effect of the drug and in that four showed partial responses, ten had stable disease, remaining three exhibited progressive disease. The disease control rate was 82.3% (14/17). Progression-free and overall survival was found to be 4 months and 9.1 months, respectively. Three patients became transiently capable of self-care (Karnofsky performance status >70). Cognition and quality of life improved after treatment and from the safety perspective, three most common adverse reactions included epilepsy (24.1%), hypertension (20.7%), and fatigue (17.2%)., Conclusion: Apatinib and TMZ may represent an alternative treatment option for patients with recurrent high-gradeglioma, especially those with a low Karnofsky performance status. However, studies using a larger sample size are required to confirm these findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Early detection and diagnosis are the key to successful clinical management of pancreatic cancer and improve the patient outcome. However, due to the absence of early symptoms and the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer, its 5-year survival rate remains below 5 %. Compared to tissue samples, liquid biopsies are of particular interest in clinical settings with respect to minimal invasiveness, repeated sampling, complete representation of the entire or multi-site tumor bulks. The potential of liquid biopsies in pancreatic cancer has been demonstrated by many studies which prove that liquid biopsies are able to detect early emergency of pancreatic cancer cells, residual disease, and recurrence. More interestingly, they show potential to delineate the heterogeneity, spatial and temporal, of pancreatic cancer. However, the performance of liquid biopsies for the diagnosis varies largely across different studies depending of the technique employed and also the type and stage of the tumor. One approach to improve the detect performance of liquid biopsies is to intensively inspect circulome and to define integrated biomarkers which simultaneously profile circulating tumor cells and DNA, extracellular vesicles, and circulating DNA, or cell free DNA and proteins. Moreover, the diagnostic validity and accuracy of liquid biopsies still need to be comprehensively demonstrated and validated.

Background: In recent years, many studies have confirmed that STIP1 (phosphorylation-induced protein 1) is involved in the development and progression of various tumors. However, its potential role in glioma progression and the underlying mechanisms of glioma development remain unclear., Methods: We analyzed the expression of STIP1 in 35 human glioma tissue specimens of different grades, using 6 normal brain tissues for comparison. We transfected U87 and U251 cell lines with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to downregulate STIP1, and set up a negative control group and a blank group for comparison. The MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed through flow cytometry. Transwell experiments were employed to detect the invasion and migration of STIP1-depleted and control U87 and U251 cells and western blotting was used to detect the expression of TRAP1/Akt pathway proteins. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal differences in expression and localization between transplanted tumor specimens of each group., Results: We observed a high expression of STIP1 in glioblastoma, MTT assay revealed a decreased cell proliferation rate in the STIP1-downregulated cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increased proportion of cells in G1 phase, as well as an increase in apoptosis, upon STIP1 downregulation. Western blotting showed that TRAP1, pAkt, and MMP2 expression was decreased upon STIP1 downregulation. In addition, TRAP1, ki-67, and MMP2 displayed a decreased expression in vivo., Conclusions: STIP1 is highly expressed in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissues. Downregulation of STIP1 in glioma cells reduces cell proliferation rate and invasion and increases cell apoptosis., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignant tumors in humans. Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most malignant intracranial tumor with a relatively poor prognosis. There promote us to find effective anti-cancer therapies to reduce cancer mortality. By using bioinformatic analysis, we found SSFA2 as a gene with elevated expression in the glioma tissues. We detected the expression of SSFA2 in glioma tissues and in the glioma cell lines, as well as in normal brain tissues. SSFA2 expression was higher in glioma tissues, especially in glioblastoma multiforme than normal brain tissues. Subsequently, we found that down-regulate SSFA2 in glioma cell lines can regulate the cell cycle to reduce the proliferation ability and induce the early apoptosis rate in shSSFA2 cells relative to control cells. Moreover, we found that down-regulate SSFA2 in glioma cell line U87(shSSFA2-U87) inhibited the growth effectiveness compared to the control cell line U87. These result reveals us that SSFA2 may act as oncogene to promote the progression of glioma. For further research specific mechanisms of SSFA2 in gliomas, we used the gene chip to detect the downstream gene in U87. We found that 30 genes also may be as target gene of SSFA2, and we testify the protein expression by western-blot. The result reveal that IL1A, IL1B and CDK6 as target gene of SSFA2 to regulate the progression of glioma. These finding suggest that SSFA2 could be a new therapeutic target for gliomas., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

MicroRNAs (miRs) act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, and regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, differentiation, angiogenesis and behavior of glioma stem cells, which are important in glioma development and recurrence. The present study was performed to investigate the impact of miR-218-5p on stem cell properties and invasive ability of the A2B5+CD133- human glioma stem cell subgroup. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-218-5p expression in non-cancerous brain and human glioma tissues, human glioma cell lines and human glioma stem cell lines. Lentivirus vectors encoding miR-218-5p and anti-miR-218-5p were constructed and stably transfected into A2B5+CD133- SHG-139s cells. Neurosphere formation Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analyses were used to explore the role of miR-218-5p in SHG-139s cells. qRT-PCR analysis showed that miR-218-5p expression was lower in human glioma tissues and cells than in non-cancerous brain tissues and normal human astrocyte cells, and lower in A2B5+CD133- (SHG-139s) cells than in CD133+ (SU2 and U87s) cells. The CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the growth curve was significantly inhibited in the miR-218-5p-SHG-139s cells compared to the miR-control, blank and anti-miR‑218-5p groups. The neurosphere formation assay indicated that upregulation of miR‑218-5p expression inhibited SHG-139s neurosphere formation. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR showed that miR-218-5p reduced stem cell marker (A2B5, nestin, PLAGL2, ALDH1 and Sox2) expression compared with the controls; however, immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that upregulation of miR-218-5p expression led to no difference in CD133 expression. miR‑218-5p reduced SHG-139s cell invasiveness in the Transwell assay and reduced MMP9 expression as detected in qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. All differences were statistically significant. miR-218-5p expression was lower in human glioma tissues, cells and the A2B5+CD133- human glioma stem cell subgroup. miR-218-5p may be a tumor-suppressor gene in glioma that functions by upregulating miR-218-5p expression, which inhibits the stem cell properties and invasive properties of SHG-139s cells.

Objective: Central nervous system (CNS) injury can increased the risk of secondary mortality because of its late inflammatory complications. Alcohol intake increases the risk of damage and complications subsequent to a (CNS) injury. How about the risk of pneumonia after CNS injury under the effect of alcoholic drink? Though animal trails of material prosperity and studies for human have been investigated in recent decades, the outcome maintains poor understanding. Pneumonia is one of the serious complication at the time of hospitalization and it should be known as more as possible for steadying patient conditions in intensive care unit and shortening length of stay. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of published materials to assess the association between alcohol intake and pneumonia in CNS injury., Methods: Two authors searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and web of science up to September, 2014 for published literatures without any limitations. Reference lists from identified studies were also screened carefully by us for additional data. The summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by statistical analysis software (Stata 12.0) with fixed-effects models to estimate the risk., Result: The results indicated that a higher incidence of pneumonia was found in CNS injury under the influence of alcohol (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21-1.43), and the risk has no relation to blood alcohol concentration (BAC) (BAC ≥ 80 mg/dl vs < 80 mg/dl, BAC ≥ 100 mg/dl vs < 100 mg/dl)., Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury patients who are under the influence of alcoholic drink have a higher risk of pneumonia.

Objective: To establish a new glioma cell line and analyze its biological characteristics, and to provide a useful cellular tool with new features for cancer research., Methods: Glioma tissue was taken from surgical specimen clinical of a clinical patient. Primary culture was carried out, and a cell line (SHG139) was established after 10 passages. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of proteins, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected by flow cytometry method (FCM). The biological characteristics of SHG139 cells were detected by chromosome karyotype analysis. SHG139s glioma cells derived from SHG139 glioma cell line were cultured with neural stem cell medium. Then stem cell markers were determined. SHG139s cells were induced with serum-containing medium, and their expression of A2B5, GFAP, β-III tubulin, and GalC was detected. Intracranial xenograft tumor of both SHG139 glioma cells and SHG139s glioma stem cell spheres was generated in rats., Results: The expressions of A2B5, GalC, GFAP, S-100, and vimentin in the 20 and 60 passages of SHG139 cells were positive, consistent with the immunohistochemical results and pathological features. SHG139 cells proliferated significantly within 24 h after subculture, and their total number of chromosomes was 68 and mostly multiploid. They were positive for A2B5 (84.12±9.96)%, nestin (73.86±5.01)%, and NG2 (73.37±2.09)%. SHG139s cells were induced, and the ratio of positive cells of GFAP, β-III tubulin and GalC was (92.89±2.24)%, (64.85±4.09)% and (33.57±4.14)%, respectively., Conclusions: SHG139 is an astroglioma cell line, from which SHG139s cells can be successfully obtained by culture with NSCM. SHG139s cells are of A2B5(+)/CD133(-) GSCs subgroup cells, with potentials of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Compared with the intracranial SHG139 xenograft tumor, the intracranial SHG139s xenograft tumor is more malignant and aggressive.