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Background: Axillary osmidrosis, characterized by an unpleasant odor, renders social life difficult for young adults. This study aimed to compare traditional open excision and use of the VERSAJET™ II Hydrosurgery System for effectiveness and treatment complaints in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the curative effect of VERSAJET™ for axillary osmidrosis in a prospective cohort study, comparatively to traditional open excision. Method: In this prospective cohort study, from October 2016 to March 2018, 31 and 34 patients treated with the VERSAJET™ II Hydrosurgery System and traditional open excision, respectively, were recruited and followed up for 6 months post‐treatment. Treatment outcomes were assessed, including surgical field size, operation time, postoperative complications, odor elimination, hair growth reduction, scarring, and patient satisfaction. Results: The VERSAJET™ group had significantly shorter operation (P <.001) and lower rates of complications, including hematoma (P =.014), wound dehiscence (P =.048), and epidermal erosion (P =.022) compared with the open excision group. A similar rate of good odor elimination (P =.925) was observed in both groups (96.77% and 97.05% in the VERSAJET™ and open excision groups, respectively). Most patients experienced sparsity of armpit hair following both procedures. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the whole operation process, recovery process, postoperative odor and scar, patients in the VERSAJET™ group were more satisfied compared with those in the open excision group (P =.008). Conclusion: The VERSAJET™ II procedure is shorter, with less postoperative scarring and fewer postoperative complications, compared with the traditional method. Therefore, the VERSAJET™ II procedure is superior to traditional open excision, as a new, radical treatment method for axillary osmidrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginkgolide B is in great demand worldwide on account of its extensive and excellent pharmacological effects, however, it is difficult to separate and purify ginkgolide B. In this study, ginkgolide B molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by combining software simulation and molecular imprinting technique, and its characterization and adsorption performed evaluation were performed to understand the adsorption behavior of the polymers. The adsorption equilibrium concentration of molecularly imprinted polymers was 0.70 mg/mL, and the adsorption equilibrium time was 4 h. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm of the polymers for ginkgolide B fitted well with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics was in line with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. In contrast, the adsorption capacity of molecularly imprinted polymers on ginkgolide B was higher than that of non‐molecular imprinted polymers, with better selectivity and better adsorption after repeated use for six times. The application experiments showed that molecular imprinted polymers have a good adsorption effect in low purity samples. Therefore, the polymers reported herein can be expected to apply in the adsorption and separation of ginkgolide B samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Infantile hemangioma (IH), which is the most common tumor in infants, is characterized by rapid proliferation followed by spontaneous regression into fibro-fatty tissue in childhood. However, its specific mechanism has not been clarified. Our previous studies showed that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is increased in the proliferative phase of IH, which is deemed to form from hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSC). However, it remains unclear whether IGF-2 can promote the adipogenic differentiation of HemSCs and the signaling mechanisms involved require further elucidation. In the present study, CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of IGF-2 on the proliferation of HemSCs. Immunohistochemistry was applied to observe the expression of IGF-2 and its receptors in cells. Oil red o-staining of adipogenesis was conducted after cells recevied no treatment or were induced with IGF-2 or IGF-2 plus OSI-906 for 10 days. Cells were cultured in EGM-2/FBS-10% alone or containing IGF-2, IGF-2 plus OSI-906 or IGF-2 plus LY294002 and the protein expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, PPARγ, adiponectin, p-AKT and total AKT was determined using western blot analysis. In another experiment, cells were treated with 25, 50 or 100 μM propranolol, or vehicle. C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, PPARγ and IGF-2 were analyzed using western blot analysis or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results indicated that IGF-2 significantly promoted the cell proliferation and lipid accumulation of HemSCs. The expression of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, PPARγ and adiponectin was increased in IGF-2-treated HemSCs culture, whereas these changes were repressed by the inhibition of either the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Our previous research showed that propranolol accelerated adipogenesis in HemSCs and induced the upregulation of IGF-2. The results of the present study indicate that IGF-2 is able to accelerate adipogenesis, and the propranolol-induced promotion of dysregulated adipogenesis may be mediated by the IGF-2 via IGF-1R and PI3K pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Glutathione biosynthesis is catalysed by glutathione synthetase (GshF) in Streptococcus thermophilus. Here, the gshF mutant constructed from S. thermophilus ST2017 was sensitive to oxidative stress and decreased the viability of HT-29 cells under H 2 O 2 exposure. Co-incubating the HT-29 cells with the gshF mutant attenuated the enhanced intracellular activities of the antioxidant enzymes of strain ST2017 under 2 m m H 2 O 2 and decreased the transcription levels of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzyme genes. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect, HT-29 cells were co-incubated with S. thermophilus strains, then challenged with Salmonella braenderup H9812. ELISA and RT-qPCR analysis showed that the gshF mutant could not effectively inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine production triggered by Salmonella. The results suggested that glutathione biosynthesis by GshF contributes to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of S. thermophilus ST2017 on its host cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study focused on the effects and mechanisms of biochar amendment to Cd-contaminated soil on the uptake and translocation of Cd by rice under flooding conditions.Materials and methods: Pot and batch experiments were conducted using Cd-contaminated soil collected from a field near an ore mining area and a cultivar of Oryza sativa ssp. indica. Biochar derived from rice straw under anaerobic conditions at 500 °C for 2 h was mixed with the soil at the rate of 0, 2.5, and 5%.Results and discussion: The application of 5% biochar reduced CaCl2-extractable soil Cd by 34% but increased Cd concentration in brown rice by 451%. Biochar amendment decreased water-soluble Fe2+ in soils and formation of Fe plaques on roots and weakened the Fe2+-Cd2+ competition at adsorption sites on the root surface. Biochar increased water-soluble Cd in the soil and consequently Cd uptake by rice roots by releasing water-soluble Cl−. Biochar application also reduced the proportion of cell wall-bound Cd in the root, which caused easier Cd translocation from the cortex to the stele in the root and up to the shoot.Conclusions: Rice straw biochar (with high concentration of water-soluble Cl−) reduced CaCl2-extractable soil Cd but increased Cd concentration in rice under flooding condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If a sacrificial agent is selectively oxidized to generate high-value chemicals during photocatalytic hydrogen production, then photocatalytic water splitting is more meaningful in consideration of green chemistry. GONaOH was obtained after hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide (GO) using 10 mol L−1 NaOH. The average hydrogen production rate could reach 7.36 mmol h−1 over 0.50 g L−1 GONaOH photocatalyst for a reaction of 12 h. And the sacrificial agent isopropanol could undergo selective oxidative C–C coupling to generate pinacol. The isopropanol conversion rate was 77.95%, and the pinacol selectivity was 62.32%. Also, the GONaOH photocatalytic selective oxidative C–C coupling mechanism of isopropanol was further studied. The ṖOH concentration on the photocatalyst surface was verified as a key factor influencing pinacol selectivity. Under the effect of GONaOH photocatalyst, ṖOH radicals were used for the oxidative dehydrogenation of isopropanol to generate 2-hydroxyisopropyl radicals, and pinacol was generated through C–C coupling. Meanwhile, acetone byproducts could further undergo hydrogenation–dehydrogenation coupling reaction with isopropanol to finally generate pinacol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Two polysaccharide fractions (WEP and AEP) obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench present positive effects on the gut microbiota. Highlights • Two bioactive polysaccharides were obtained from okra. • Chemical features were determined by HPLC, SEM, XRD and rheometer. • Effects of okra polysaccharides on gut microbiota were investigated. • Okra polysaccharides promoted the output of intestinal detrimental compounds. Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of okra polysaccharides with similar molecular weight on intestinal ecology. After extraction, ethanol precipitation, deproteinization and purification, two polysaccharide fractions, named as water-extracted polysaccharides (WEP) and alkaline-extracted polysaccharides (AEP), were obtained. According to the results of high performance liquid chromatography, AEP contained mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and galactose, while WEP was composed of galactose, rhamnose, fructose, arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid and mannose. The compositions of intestinal microbiota were affected by the change of daily substrates. Meanwhile, the concentration of ammonia and gastrointestinal transit time decreased, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, moisture of caecum content increased. These findings suggested that the effect of okra polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota was achieved by the output of detrimental compounds and the supply of nutrients. Besides, AEP supported a more pivotal role in manipulating gut microbiota than WEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant type of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible decline of cognitive functions. In addition to the pathological beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glial activation, and neuronal injury in the postmortem brains of AD patients, increasing evidence suggests that the often overlooked vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in regulating physiological functions and pathological changes in blood vessels, but whether VEGF is involved in the early stage of vascular pathology in AD remains unclear. Methods: We used an antiangiogenic agent for clinical cancer treatment, the humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, to block VEGF binding to its receptors in the 5×FAD mouse model at an early age. After treatment, memory performance was evaluated by a novel object recognition test, and cerebral vascular permeability and perfusion were examined by an Evans blue assay and blood flow scanning imaging analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure glial activation and Aβ deposits. VEGF and its receptors were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate bevacizumab-associated transcriptional signatures in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. Results: Bevacizumab treatment administered from 4 months of age dramatically improved cerebrovascular functions, reduced glial activation, and restored long-term memory in both sexes of 5×FAD mice. Notably, a sex-specific change in different VEGF receptors was identified in the cortex and hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. Soluble VEGFR1 was decreased in female mice, while full-length VEGFR2 was increased in male mice. Bevacizumab treatment reversed the altered expression of receptors to be comparable to the level in the wild-type mice. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of transcriptomic changes revealed that bevacizumab effectively reversed the changes in the gene sets associated with blood–brain barrier integrity and vascular smooth muscle contraction in 5×FAD mice. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the mechanistic roles of VEGF at the early stage of amyloidopathy and the protective effects of bevacizumab on cerebrovascular function and memory performance in 5×FAD mice. These findings also suggest the therapeutic potential of bevacizumab for the early intervention of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pd single atoms supported over γ-AlOOH was created by a photoinduction method. • DFT calculations reveal the support can provide anchoring sites for Pd atoms. • This catalyst shows excellent catalytic efficiency in trans -stilbene epoxidation. • The high catalytic activity originates from the unique coordination environment. Exploring the interaction between metal and support is of great importance in enhancing the catalytic performance and deepening the mechanistic understanding of single atom catalysis. Here we describe a photoinduction method to construct atomically dispersed palladium atoms supported over defect-containing boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoleaf with a palladium loading of 0.32 wt%. The existence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement, and CO-absorbed diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. This catalyst shows excellent catalytic efficiency in trans -stilbene epoxidation to yield trans -stilbene oxide (TOF: 416 h−1; conversion: 84 %; selectivity: 99 %), along with excellent recyclability and scalability. In addition, various aromatic olefins were successfully transformed into the corresponding epoxides with high selectivity and excellent yield. DFT study further reveals that the high catalytic activity originates from under-coordinated single palladium atoms in the defect-containing γ-AlOOH in a unique coordination environment. This lays the foundation for the facile creation of single atom catalysts and sheds light on the possibility for scale-up production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At low concentrations zinc (Zn) is essential for plants and animals, but it becomes toxic when it exceeds a critical level. This study aimed to explore the effects of biochar on the remediation of Zn-polluted soil and the distribution of Zn in rice plants using pot experiments. Various amounts of biochar (0% (control), 2.5%, and 5% w/w) derived from rice straw were mixed with Zn-contaminated soil collected from farmland near a mine. The results showed that biochar enhanced the biomass of rice tissues and significantly reduced the concentration of Zn in brown rice. These results could be attributed to the combination of several effects: (1) Biochar increased the soil pH and organic carbon content, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of soil available Zn and transforming forms of immobilized Zn from acid soluble to reducible. (2) Biochar addition decreased the amorphous iron and complex iron concentrations in the soil solution and reduced the formation of root Fe plaques as well as the storage of Zn in iron plaques, thus diminishing the probability of Zn transfer from root surfaces to tissues. (3) Biochar played a key role in abating the toxic effect of Zn in rice plants as it decreased the transfer of Zn from roots to leaves and promoted Zn storage in the vacuoles of root cells. These results suggest that the application of biochar to Zn-contaminated soil is effective in reducing Zn accumulation in rice grains and can enhance rice production. [Display omitted] • Biochar enhanced plant biomass and decreased Zinc (Zn) accumulation in rice grain. • Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Zn in soils. • Biochar reduced the storage of Zn in iron plaques. • Biochar reduced the transfer of Zn from root to leaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-Fe alloy films have such properties as high saturation magnetization, high Curie temperature and low coercive force. It is of importance to study the origin of high saturation magnetization in these alloys. In this paper, we study the spin (ms) and orbital moments (mo) of Fe and Co in the Co0.9Fe0.1 film by using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and SQUID magnetometry. The ms and mo for Co are 1.58 and 0.31 µB, and for Fe are 1.63 and 0.36 µB respectively. The average magnetic moment (1.90 µB) determined by XMCD is in agreement with that obtained from SQUID measurements. The total magnetic moment ratio of Fe to Co is 10.5:89.5, while the ratio of the spin to orbital moment is 83.4:16.6. Considering the separation of the spin and orbital moment, an outcome of mFe-spin : mFe-orbit : mCo-spin mCo-orbit = 8.6:1.9:74.8:14.7 is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers for bilobalide (BBMIPs) was successfully achieved by bulk polymerization with methacrylamide (MAM), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and acetonitrile (ACN) as functional monomer, cross-linker, and solvent, respectively. After Gaussian software simulation and single factor experiments, the prepared MIPs with a molar ratio of 1:4:15 for BB-MAM-TMPTA were systematically characterized. The hydrogen bonding interaction between BB and MAM was confirmed by a combination of FTIR and NMR analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis results displayed that MIPs have excellent thermal stability under high temperature. Additionally, the average pore size and surface area of MIPs were found to be higher than those of NIPs through nitrogen adsorption results. The results of static adsorption and kinetic adsorption suggested that the adsorption equilibrium concentration was 0.6 mg/mL and the equilibrium time was 5 h, and the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were proven to fit with static and kinetic adsorption behaviors, respectively. Meanwhile, the selective adsorption study revealed that MIPs show high adsorption and great selectivity towards BB in comparison with other substances having similarly structure. MIPs also possessed a good performance on reusability, maintaining a high recovery rate after being reused 5 times. The application experiment further indicated that MIPs can effectively separate BB from low purity samples. Therefore, the prepared MIPs had a great potential for BB separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal conductivity of composite with core-shell fillers is very important for the application in the field of heat dissipation. Thermal contact resistances (R ⁎ c,c-s , R ⁎ c,s-m) are the key factors in improving the thermal conductivity (k ⁎ eff) of composite. However, the effects of R ⁎ c,c-s and R ⁎ c,s-m on k ⁎ eff are rarely considered in the previous studies. In this work, these combined effects and other parameters such as TC ratios (K c /K s) and volume fraction (VF) ratio (V c / V s) of the core-shell filler are investigated. The results show that R ⁎ c,s-m = 10−2 is a threshold value on the k ⁎ eff. When R ⁎ c,s-m is lower than 10−2, the k ⁎ eff has very little relationship to the R ⁎ c,s-m but increases with VF and TC of filler core and shell. However, when R ⁎ c,s-m exceeds 10−2, the k ⁎ eff decreases sharply with R ⁎ c,s-m , and the effect of the VF and TC on the k ⁎ eff is not significant. Furthermore, the k ⁎ eff is independent of R ⁎ c,c-s when R ⁎ c,c-s < 10−2 or R ⁎ c,s-m > 0.4. The k ⁎ eff decreases sharply as R ⁎ c,s-m increases when R ⁎ c,s-m is <0.4, and the decrease slows down when R ⁎ c,s-m exceeds 0.4. Meanwhile, the threshold value of K s is 500 on the k ⁎ eff. The proposed model for predicting the k ⁎ eff has higher accuracy compared to previous models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Whether statin treatment is effective in retarding the progression of radiation-induced carotid stenosis (RICS) in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of statin treatment with RICS progression rate in HNC survivors after radiotherapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. Between January 2010 and December 2021, we screened HNC survivors whose carotid ultrasound scans had shown stenosis of the common and/or internal carotid arteries. The primary outcome was the RICS progression rate. We compared eligible patients treated with statins with those who did not in multivariable Cox regression models. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this study, of whom 108 received statin treatment and 92 did not. Over a mean follow-up time of 1.5 years, 56 (28.0%) patients showed RICS progression, 24 (42.9%) and 32 (57.1%) in the statin and control groups, respectively. The statin group showed less RICS progression than the control group (adjusted-HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.80, P = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant interaction in the effect of statins on lowering RICS progression rate in the subgroups stratified by baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P for interaction = 0.53) or baseline degrees of stenosis (P for interaction = 0.50). Conclusions: Statin treatment was associated with a lower risk of RICS progression in patients with HNC after radiotherapy, regardless of baseline LDL-C level and baseline stenosis degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optoelectronic memory (OEM) has attracted tremendous attention for its great potential to boost the storage capacity of memory chips and break through the von Neumann bottleneck in the post-Moore era. Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, formed by artificially stacking different 2D layered materials, offer tremendous possibilities in OEMs due to their extraordinary capability to integrate and process optical/electrical signals. However, the realization of 2D vdW OEMs with high writing speed and robust memory performance has long been challenging. Here, we report a 2D vdW OEM consisting of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and hexagonal boron nitride, which functions based on the fast charge transfer dynamics at a 2D interface. The OEM demonstrates high writing speed reaching up to 50 μs, approximately one order of magnitude faster than those of other 2D OEMs. Moreover, the outstanding robustness of such OEM is demonstrated by long retention time exceeding 14 days, together with a broad temperature endurance window from 100 to 420 K. Additionally, through continuously switching laser pulse on the OEM, we achieve 17 distinct current levels (over 4-bit storage) with random access. Our findings envision 2D vdW heterostructure-based OEM as a potential platform to overcome the "memory wall" in the conventional von Neumann configuration and to promote a promising paradigm for big data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The mortality rate associated with malignant tumors remains high and there is a lack of effective diagnostic and tumor progression markers. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can promote tumor‐associated thrombosis, invasive metastasis, and inflammatory responses, but there is a lack of research on the value of measuring NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies. Methods: We included 263 patients with malignancies (55 gliomas, 101 ovarian, 64 colorectal, and 43 lung cancers) and 75 healthy controls in this study. We compared the levels of citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), and systemic inflammation‐related parameters, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index. We assessed the value of changes in NETs in peripheral blood to determine the diagnosis, venous thromboembolism, clinical staging, and systemic inflammatory response in patients with malignancy. Results: The levels of citH3 and cfDNA in peripheral blood can distinguish between healthy controls and tumor patients. The levels of citH3 and cfDNA before clinical intervention did not predict the risk of combined venous thromboembolism in oncology patients in the short‐term after clinical intervention. The levels of citH3, cfDNA, and systemic inflammation‐related parameters in the peripheral blood of tumor patients increased with the clinical stage. There was a correlation between cfDNA levels in peripheral blood and systemic inflammation‐related parameters in tumor patients, and this correlation was more significant in patients with advanced tumors. Conclusions: Changes in NETs in the peripheral blood differ between healthy controls and patients with malignant tumors. NETs may be involved in tumor‐induced systemic inflammatory responses through interaction with circulating inflammatory cells, thus promoting tumor progression. NETs may be used as markers to assist in the diagnosis and progression of tumor malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]