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The article discusses study of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV). Topics include us of inoculated specific pathogen free chickens and turkeys, virus replication in homologous host species, phylogenetics of viral protein (VP) gene based on nucleotide sequences, and virus strains clustering.

Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for pollen grain development in angiosperms, and cysteine proteases are the most ubiquitous hydrolases involved in plant PCD. We identified a papain-like cysteine protease, CEP1, which is involved in tapetal PCD and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. CEP1 is expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5 to 11 of anther development. The CEP1 protein first appears as a proenzyme in precursor protease vesicles and is then transported to the vacuole and transformed into the mature enzyme before rupture of the vacuole. cep1 mutants exhibited aborted tapetal PCD and decreased pollen fertility with abnormal pollen exine. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that 872 genes showed significantly altered expression in the cep1 mutants, and most of them are important for tapetal cell wall organization, tapetal secretory structure formation, and pollen development. CEP1 overexpression caused premature tapetal PCD and pollen infertility. ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed that the CEP1 expression level showed a strong relationship to the degree of tapetal PCD and pollen fertility. Our results reveal that CEP1 is a crucial executor during tapetal PCD and that proper CEP1 expression is necessary for timely degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pollen formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae) is one of the 10 most invasive weeds in the world and has caused tremendous economic and environmental losses in southern China. The dodder Cuscuta campestris (Convolvulaceae) is a native holoparasite that can parasitize and suppress M. micrantha, and thus is recommended as an effective control agent. However, the natural growth of dodder lags behind that of M. micrantha and fails to exert direct year-round suppression. To verify the effective parasitic distance, we placed a dodder seedling at a designated distance from the stem of M. micrantha and monitored coiling, haustorium formation, and survival. To verify suitable host stems for the parasite, we grew M. micrantha for more than 6 months to form stems of different sizes, taped dodder seedlings to the stems, and monitored. We used various temperatures to determine the effect on dodder seed germination and M. micrantha sprouting. The results showed that a dodder–host distance of 4 cm decreased the probability of successful parasitism to 0; dodder seedlings cannot parasitize M. micrantha stem diameters ≥0.3 cm; and the temperatures for the highest dodder seed germination and M. micrantha sprouting are 26 and 30 °C, respectively. We conclude that the lack of suitable M. micrantha parts within the dodder’s effective parasitism distance is the major cause of restricted dodder parasitism and that the lower temperature for the highest dodder germination compared to that for the highest M. micrantha sprouting may decrease the possibility of parasitism. To acquire aggressive parasitism, dodder should be manually assisted by dispersing its vegetative form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report on a portable photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing system for telomerase activity detection based on dual biomineralized ZIF-8 nanoparticles (NPs)-medicated conversion of chemical energy to electricity and terminal deoxynucleoside transferase (TdTase)-catalyzed elongation of Y-junction DNA structure. Two kinds of biomineralized ZIF-8 NPs including glucose oxidase (GOx)-encapsulated ZIF-8 (GZIF) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-encapsulated ZIF-8 (HZIF) are involved in this assay system. The recognition of telomerase is started with telomerase-catalyzed elongation of a telomerase substrate (TS) primer, which generates a longer elongation chain to trigger the formation of a Y-junction DNA structure. The Y-junction DNA with abundant 3′-OH terminal and small steric hindrance facilitates the implement of TdTase-catalyzed elongation reaction, in which the branches of Y-junction DNA are elongated and endowed with biotin moiety to capture streptavidin-modified GZIF (SA-GZIF). The signal transduction is then achieved on a luminol/HZIF/CdS-based photoelectrode. Once the H 2 O 2 produced from GZIF-catalyzed hydrolysis of glucose is introduced to the photoelectrode, chemiluminescence of HRP-luminol–H 2 O 2 – p -iodo-phenol (PIP) system confined in HZIF is activated to excite photocurrent of CdS NPs, which is then recorded by a portable digital multimeter (DMM). The developed PEC sensing system possesses a wide calibration range from 50 to 5000 HeLa cells and a low detection limit of 46 cells. Significantly, the sensing platform is successfully applied to evaluate the telomerase activity in resected bladder tumor tissues. This work not only provides a diagnostic tool for telomerase-related diseases but also open a new avenue for establishing PEC assay methods using metal-organic framework (MOF) NPs. • Dual biomineralized ZIF-8 nanoparticles were used to medicate PEC signals. • Y-junction DNA structure enabled specific recognition of telomerase. • Terminal deoxynucleoside transferase was used to amplify assay signal. • Portable and sensitive detection of telomerase activity was achieved. • The assay method was used to test telomerase activity in bladder cancer tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Construction cost (CC) is a quantifiable measure of energy demand for biomass production, and low CC is hypothesized to give an alien plant growth advantages and increase its potential to be an invader. Comparison of leaf CC and growth traits between alien and native mangroves in Shenzhen Futian Nature Reserve showed CC per unit mass (CCmass), carbon concentration and gross and ash-free caloric values of alien mangroves were significantly lower than those of native species, while the height and chest circumference were just the opposite. Alien species Sonneratia apetala had the lowest CCmass while Sonneratia caseolaris had the lowest CCarea, and were 8.99% and 32.17% lower than those of native species, respectively. Conversely, specific leaf area (SLA) of these two Sonneratia species was significantly higher than native species. Lower CC and higher SLA make the two Sonneratia species grow and spread faster than other mangroves and enhance their invasive potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To analyze the effect on pronunciation and comfort level when 4 different major connectors (type 1: Palatal plate; type 2: Single palatal strap; type 3: Anterior-posterior joint palatal strap; type 4: Anterior-posterior joint palatal bar) were used in patients with Kennedy I deletion. Methods Tirty young volunteers were chosen to wear 4 different major connectors. The pronunciation of consonants /s/, /t/, /j/, /sh/ were detected and the different formant parameters(F1 and F2) were analyzed by the computer speech analytical system. The comfort levels of 4 major connectors were compared by questionnaire survey. Results 1)There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in pronunciation of consonants /s/, /sh/, /t/(Fl and F2) among the 4 types of connectors whatever wearing or not, but there was significant difference (P<0.05) in pronunciation of consonant /j/ among wearing type 3, type 4 and no wearing. 2)There was no significant difference in comfort level(P>0.05) among the four connectors. Conclusion The effect on pronunciation of patients with Kennedy I deletion was less when wearing the first and the second types of connectors than that of wearing the third and the fourth types of connectors. There was no significant difference in comfort level among the four connectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the radiological features of primary pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) in a relatively large population to help improve its further understanding and its accuracy of initial diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary IMA from January 2019 to December 2021. According to tumor morphology, IMAs were divided into regular nodule/mass, irregular, and large consolidative types. According to tumor density, IMAs were divided into solid, halo, part‐solid, pure ground‐glass, and cystic types. ANOVA, chi‐square, or Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the differences in radiological and clinicopathological characteristics of IMA according to morphological and density subtypes. Results: We analyzed 312 patients. Pulmonary IMA tended to occur in the elderly, with a slightly higher number of women than men. IMA showed a predominance in the lower lobe and adjacent to pleura. IMA of regular nodule/mass, irregular, and large consolidative types accounted for 80.8% (252/312), 13.8% (43/312), and 5.4% (17/312), respectively. Solid, halo, part‐solid, pure ground‐glass, and cystic IMAs accounted for 55.8% (174/312), 28.2% (88/312), 11.2% (35/312), 1.3% (4/312), and 3.5% (11/312), respectively. The lobulated (76.9%), spiculated (63.5%), and air bronchogram (56.7%) signs were common in IMA. Dead branch sign (88.2%), angiogram sign (88.2%), and satellite nodules/skipping lesions (47.1%) were common in large‐consolidative‐type IMA. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations were common (56.1%), whereas epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were relatively rare (2.3%). Conclusions: Pulmonary IMA of regular nodule/mass type and solid type were the most common at the initial diagnosis. Detailed radiological features can aid in the differential diagnosis of IMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expansin is a cell wall relaxant protein that is common in plants and directly or indirectly participates in the whole process of plant root growth, development and morphogenesis. A well-developed root system helps plants to better absorb water and nutrients from the soil while effectively assisting them in resisting osmotic stress, such as salt stress. In this study, we observed and quantified the morphology of the roots of Arabidopsis overexpressing the TaEXPAs gene obtained by the research group in the early stage of development. We combined the bioinformatics analysis results relating to EXPA genes in five plants and identified TaEXPA7-B, a member of the EXPA family closely related to root development in winter wheat. Subcellular localization analysis of the TaEXPA7-B protein showed that it is located in the plant cell wall. In this study, the TaEXPA7-B gene was overexpressed in rice. The results showed that plant height, root length and the number of lateral roots of rice overexpressing the TaEXPA7-B gene were significantly higher than those of the wild type, and the expression of the TaEXPA7-B gene significantly promoted the growth of lateral root primordium and cortical cells. The plants were treated with 250 mM NaCl solution to simulate salt stress. The results showed that the accumulation of osmotic regulators, cell wall-related substances and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the overexpressed plants were higher than those of the wild type, and they had better salt tolerance. This paper discusses the effects of winter wheat expansins in plant root development and salt stress tolerance and provides a theoretical basis and relevant reference for screening high-quality expansin regulating root development and salt stress resistance in winter wheat and its application in crop molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The function of spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1 (SPDL1) as a cancer-promoting gene has been reported in a number of studies. However, the pan-cancer analysis of SPDL1 is still lacking. Here, we performed this pan-cancer analysis to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of SPDL1 and gain insights into the association between SPDL1 and immune infiltration. Methods: In this study, based on the datasets of The cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Gene expression omnibus (GEO), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), we used R4.1.0 software and the online tools, including TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, Modbase, UALCAN, MEXPRESS, STRING, Ensembl, NCBI, HPA, Oncomine, PhosphoNET and the Kaplan-Meier plotter, to explore the potential oncogenic roles of SPDL1. The expression of SPDL1 was also further verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues. Results: SPDL1 was overexpressed in most tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues, and SPDL1 expression was significantly correlated with the prognosis in most tumor types. The main type of genetic mutation of SPDL1 was missense mutation and the frequency of R318Q/W mutation was highest (4/119). The expression of SPDL1 was closely associated with genomic instability. The SPDL1 phosphorylation levels in S555 was enhanced in ovarian cancer. The SPDL1 expression was positively correlated with the immune infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in most of the tumor types. Nuclear division, organelle fission and chromosome segregation were involved in the functional mechanisms of SPDL1. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SPDL1 might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancers, shedding new light on therapeutics of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature is one of the main abiotic stresses that affects plant growth, causing serious damage or even death to plants. The differential expression of the TaEXPA19 gene in the above and underground parts of winter wheat and the implications for cold resistance remain unclear. In this study, the TaEXPA19 gene was cloned and analysed for expression in winter wheat, and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was constructed to investigate the effect of the TaEXPA19 gene in response to low‐temperature stress on plant growth. The TaEXPA19‐A and TaEXPA19‐D genes have different response patterns in the above and underground parts of transgenic A. thaliana. When plants were subjected to low‐temperature stress, the leaves were quickly upregulated and the roots were downregulated, and then upregulated to respond to low‐temperature stress to promote the growth of leaf length and leaf width petiole length. The results indicated that TaEXPA19 genes could improve low‐temperature tolerance in plants. The results of this study laid a foundation for the study of the cold resistance of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the radiological, pathological, and prognostic characteristics of large consolidative‐type pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMA). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 738 patients who confirmed IMA between January 2010 and August 2022, and two radiologists reviewed imaging data to determine subtypes. We included 41 patients with pathologically large consolidative‐type IMA. We analyzed their radiological, pathological, and prognostic characteristics. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Most lesions were located in the lower lobe, with 46.3% patients showing multiple lesions. Halo, angiogram, vacuole, air bronchogram, and dead branch sign were observed in 97.6%, 73.2%, 63.4%, 61.0%, and 61.0% of the cases, respectively. Unevenly low enhancement was observed in 88.89% of patients. T3 and T4 pathological stages were observed in 50.0% and 30.6% of patients, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 16.7% patients, with no distant metastasis. Spread‐through air spaces and intrapulmonary dissemination were observed in 27.8% and 19.4% patients, respectively. Moreover, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations were found in 68.6% of cases, and no epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were seen. Among all mutation sites, G12V mutation is the most common, accounting for 40%. The average RFS and OS were 19.4 and 66.4 months, respectively, with 3‐year RFS and OS rates of 30.0% and 75.0%, respectively. Pleural invasion and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for diagnosis. Conclusion: Halo, vacuole, angiogram, and dead branch signs were frequently observed in consolidative‐type IMA. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutations are common in consolidative‐type IMA, especially site G12V, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were rare; therefore, gene immunotherapy was more difficult. Most patients were in stage T3–T4; however, lymph node metastasis was rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino-modified carbon dots (C-dots) with positively charged surface were prepared. They display strong blue fluorescence and are shown to act as quenchers of the green fluorescence of FAM-labeled ssDNA such as the F-probe used in this work that was immobilized on the C-dots. On the addition of highly negatively charged heparin (Hep), it will interact with the C-dots and displace the F-probe from C-dots. Once the F-probe is displaced by Hep, its green fluorescence is restored. The intrinsic blue fluorescence of the C-dots remains stable after addition of Hep. Thus, a signal-on ratiometric fluorometric assay was developed for the ultra-sensitive detection of Hep. The underlying mechanisms of quenching and recovery are discussed. Under optimized conditions, the recovery of the ratiometric fluorescence of the system composed of C-dots and quenched F-probe is proportional to the Hep concentration in the range of 0.01-2.0 μg·mL−1 (= 0.00125-0.25 U·mL−1). The method was successfully applied to the determination of Hep in spiked serum samples.Schematic of a signal-on ratiometric fluorometric method for the ultra-sensitive detection of heparin on the basis of the displacement and fluorescence enhancement of adsorbed FAM-labeled ssDNA from amino-modified carbon dots (C-dots) by heparin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]