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19,994 results on '"Lewis, S."'

152. Development of a Novel Algorithm to Identify People with High Likelihood of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency in a US Healthcare Claims Database

Author

Kevin C. J. Yuen, Anna Camilla Birkegard, Lewis S. Blevins, David R. Clemmons, Andrew R. Hoffman, Nicky Kelepouris, Janice M. Kerr, Jens M. Tarp, and Maria Fleseriu

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Objective. Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is an underdiagnosed disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Identifying people who may benefit from growth hormone (GH) therapy can be challenging, as many AGHD symptoms resemble those of aging. We developed an algorithm to potentially help providers stratify people by their likelihood of having AGHD. Design. The algorithm was developed with, and applied to, data in the anonymized Truven Health MarketScan® claims database. Patients. A total of 135 million adults in the US aged ≥18 years with ≥6 months of data in the Truven database. Measurements. Proportion of people with high, moderate, or low likelihood of having AGHD, and differences in demographic and clinical characteristics among these groups. Results. Overall, 0.5%, 6.0%, and 93.6% of people were categorized into groups with high, moderate, or low likelihood of having AGHD, respectively. The proportions of females were 59.3%, 71.6%, and 50.4%, respectively. People in the high- and moderate-likelihood groups tended to be older than those in the low-likelihood group, with 58.3%, 49.0%, and 37.6% aged >50 years, respectively. Only 2.2% of people in the high-likelihood group received GH therapy as adults. The high-likelihood group had a higher incidence of comorbidities than the low-likelihood group, notably malignant neoplastic disease (standardized difference −0.42), malignant breast tumor (−0.27), hyperlipidemia (−0.26), hypertensive disorder (−0.25), osteoarthritis (−0.23), and heart disease (−0.22). Conclusions. This algorithm may represent a cost-effective approach to improve AGHD detection rates by identifying appropriate patients for further diagnostic testing and potential GH replacement treatment.

Published
2022
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153. Opioid-related overdose and chronic use following an initial prescription of hydrocodone versus oxycodone.

Author

Scott G Weiner, Michelle A Hendricks, Sanae El Ibrahimi, Grant A Ritter, Sara E Hallvik, Christi Hildebran, Roger D Weiss, Edward W Boyer, Diana P Flores, Lewis S Nelson, Peter W Kreiner, and Michael A Fischer

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundHydrocodone and oxycodone are prescribed commonly to treat pain. However, differences in risk of opioid-related adverse outcomes after an initial prescription are unknown. This study aims to determine the risk of opioid-related adverse events, defined as either chronic use or opioid overdose, following a first prescription of hydrocodone or oxycodone to opioid naïve patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of multiple linked public health datasets in the state of Oregon. Adult patients ages 18 and older who a) received an initial prescription for oxycodone or hydrocodone between 2015-2017 and b) had no opioid prescriptions or opioid-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits in the year preceding the prescription were followed through the end of 2018. First-year chronic opioid use was defined as ≥6 opioid prescriptions (including index) and average ≤30 days uncovered between prescriptions. Fatal or non-fatal opioid overdose was indicated from insurance claims, hospital discharge data or vital records.ResultsAfter index prescription, 2.8% (n = 14,458) of individuals developed chronic use and 0.3% (n = 1,480) experienced overdose. After adjustment for patient and index prescription characteristics, patients receiving oxycodone had lower odds of developing chronic use relative to patients receiving hydrocodone (adjusted odds ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.00) but a higher risk of overdose (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.65, 95% CI 1.45-1.87). Oxycodone monotherapy appears to greatly increase the hazard of opioid overdose (aHR 2.18, 95% CI 1.86-2.57) compared with hydrocodone with acetaminophen. Oxycodone combined with acetaminophen also shows a significant increase (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50), but not to the same extent.ConclusionsAmong previously opioid-naïve patients, the risk of developing chronic use was slightly higher with hydrocodone, whereas the risk of overdose was higher after oxycodone, in combination with acetaminophen or monotherapy. With a goal of reducing overdose-related deaths, hydrocodone may be the favorable agent.

Published
2022
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160. Genetic and physical mapping of the earliness per se locus Eps-Am1 in Triticum monococcum identifies EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) as a candidate gene

Author

Alvarez, MA, Tranquilli, G, Lewis, S, Kippes, N, and Dubcovsky, J

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Alleles, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Plant, Flowers, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetic Association Studies, Genome, Plant, Photoperiod, Plant Proteins, Triticum, Triticum monococcum, Wheat, Earliness per se, ELF3, Flowering time, Spikelet number, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Plant Biology, Plant Biology & Botany, Plant biology
Abstract

Wheat cultivars exposed to optimal photoperiod and vernalization treatments still exhibit differences in flowering time, referred to as earliness per se (Eps). We previously identified the Eps-A (m) 1 locus from Triticum monococcum and showed that the allele from cultivated accession DV92 significantly delays heading time and increases the number of spikelets per spike relative to the allele from wild accession G3116. Here, we expanded a high-density genetic and physical map of the Eps-A (m) 1 region and identified the wheat ortholog of circadian clock regulator EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) as a candidate gene. No differences in ELF3 transcript levels were found between near-isogenic lines carrying the DV92 and G3116 Eps-A (m) 1 alleles, but the encoded ELF3 proteins differed in four amino acids. These differences were associated with altered transcription profiles of PIF-like, PPD1, and FT1, which are known downstream targets of ELF3. Tetraploid wheat lines with combined truncation mutations in the A- and B-genome copies of ELF3 flowered earlier and had less spikelets per spike than the wild-type control under short- and long-day conditions. Both effects were stronger in a photoperiod-sensitive than in a reduced photoperiod-sensitive background, indicating a significant epistatic interaction between PPD1 and ELF3 (P

Published
2016

161. Genetic and physical mapping of the earliness per se locus Eps-A (m) 1 in Triticum monococcum identifies EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) as a candidate gene.

Author

Alvarez, MA, Tranquilli, G, Lewis, S, Kippes, N, and Dubcovsky, J

Subjects
Chromosomes, Plant, Triticum, Flowers, Plant Proteins, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Alleles, Genome, Plant, Photoperiod, Genetic Association Studies, ELF3, Earliness per se, Flowering time, Spikelet number, Triticum monococcum, Wheat, Plant Biology & Botany, Genetics, Plant Biology
Abstract

Wheat cultivars exposed to optimal photoperiod and vernalization treatments still exhibit differences in flowering time, referred to as earliness per se (Eps). We previously identified the Eps-A (m) 1 locus from Triticum monococcum and showed that the allele from cultivated accession DV92 significantly delays heading time and increases the number of spikelets per spike relative to the allele from wild accession G3116. Here, we expanded a high-density genetic and physical map of the Eps-A (m) 1 region and identified the wheat ortholog of circadian clock regulator EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) as a candidate gene. No differences in ELF3 transcript levels were found between near-isogenic lines carrying the DV92 and G3116 Eps-A (m) 1 alleles, but the encoded ELF3 proteins differed in four amino acids. These differences were associated with altered transcription profiles of PIF-like, PPD1, and FT1, which are known downstream targets of ELF3. Tetraploid wheat lines with combined truncation mutations in the A- and B-genome copies of ELF3 flowered earlier and had less spikelets per spike than the wild-type control under short- and long-day conditions. Both effects were stronger in a photoperiod-sensitive than in a reduced photoperiod-sensitive background, indicating a significant epistatic interaction between PPD1 and ELF3 (P

Published
2016

162. Build it, but will they come? A geoscience cyberinfrastructure baseline analysis

Author

Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J, Baker, KS, Berente, N, Carter, DR, DeChurch, LA, Flint, CC, Gershenfeld, G, Haberman, M, King, JL, Kirkpatrick, C, Knight, E, Lawrence, B, Lewis, S, Lenhardt, WC, Lopez, P, Mayernik, MS, McElroy, C, Mittleman, B, Nichol, V, Nolan, M, Shin, N, Thompson, CA, Winter, S, and Zaslavsky, I

Subjects
Computation Theory & Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, Data Format
Abstract

Understanding the earth as a system requires integrating many forms of data from multiple fields. Builders and funders of the cyberinfrastructure designed to enable open data sharing in the geosciences risk a key failure mode: What if geoscientists do not use the cyberinfrastructure to share, discover and reuse data? In this study, we report a baseline assessment of engagement with the NSF EarthCube initiative, an open cyberinfrastructure effort for the geosciences. We find scientists perceive the need for cross-disciplinary engagement and engage where there is organizational or institutional support. However, we also find a possibly imbalanced involvement between cyber and geoscience communities at the outset, with the former showing more interest than the latter. This analysis highlights the importance of examining fields and disciplines as stakeholders to investments in the cyberinfrastructure supporting science.

Published
2016

166. Eight-year Climatology of Dust Optical Depth on Mars

Author

Montabone, L., Forget, F., Millour, E., Wilson, R. J., Lewis, S. R., Cantor, B. A., Kass, D., Kleinboehl, A., Lemmon, M., Smith, M. D., and Wolff, M. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We have produced a multiannual climatology of airborne dust from Martian year 24 to 31 using multiple datasets of retrieved or estimated column optical depths. The datasets are based on observations of the Martian atmosphere from April 1999 to July 2013 made by different orbiting instruments: the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard Mars Global Surveyor, the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) aboard Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The procedure we have adopted consists of gridding the available retrievals of column dust optical depth (CDOD) from TES and THEMIS nadir observations, as well as the estimates of this quantity from MCS limb observations. Our gridding method calculates averages and uncertainties on a regularly spaced, but possibly incomplete, spatio-temporal grid, using an iterative procedure weighted in space, time, and retrieval uncertainty. In order to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of the resulting gridded maps, we validate them with independent observations of CDOD. We have statistically analyzed the irregularly gridded maps to provide an overview of the dust climatology on Mars over eight years, specifically in relation to its interseasonal and interannual variability. Finally, we have produced multiannual, regular daily maps of CDOD by spatially interpolating the irregularly gridded maps using a kriging method. These synoptic maps are used as dust scenarios in the Mars Climate Database version 5, and are useful in many modelling applications in addition to forming a basis for instrument intercomparisons. The derived dust maps for the eight available Martian years are publicly available and distributed with open access., Comment: This preprint version of this paper was submitted to Icarus on March 8th, 2014 (arXiv processing stamped on the paper the date of arXiv submission)

Published
2014
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170. Measurement of the structure function of the nearly free neutron using spectator tagging in inelastic $^2$H(e, e'p)X scattering with CLAS

Author

Tkachenko, S., Baillie, N., Kuhn, S. E., Zhang, J., Arrington, J., Bosted, P., Bültmann, S., Christy, M. E., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Fenker, H., Griffioen, K. A., Ispiryan, M., Kalantarians, N., Keppel, C. E., Melnitchouk, W., Tvaskis, V., Adhikari, K. P., Aghasyan, M., Amaryan, M. J., Pereira, S. Anefalos, Avakian, H., Ball, J., Baltzell, N. A., Battaglieri, M., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Cortes, O., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dodge, G. E., Doughty, D., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fleming, J. A., Garillon, B., Gevorgyan, N., Ghandilyan, Y., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Goetz, J. T., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hattawy, M., Hicks, K., Ho, D., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C . E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Jo, H. S., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., King, P. M., Klein, A., Klein, F. J., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, V., Kuleshov, S. V., Lenisa, P., Lewis, S., Livingston, K., Lu, H., MacCormick, M., MacGregor, I. J. D., Markov, N., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Moutarde, H., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Osipenko, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Pasyuk, E., Phillips, J. J., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Pozdniakov, S., Price, J. W., Procureur, S., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A. J . R., Rimal, D., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Roy, P., Sabatié, F., Schott, D., Schumacher, R. A., Seder, E., Senderovich, I., Sharabian, Y. G., Simonyan, A., Smith, G. D., Sober, D. I., Sokhan, D., Stepanyan, S., Stepanyan, S. S., Strauch, S., Tang, W., Ungaro, M., Vlassov, A. V., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N. K., Watts, D., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Wood, M. H., Zana, L., and Zonta, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Much less is known about neutron structure than that of the proton due to the absence of free neutron targets. Neutron information is usually extracted from data on nuclear targets such as deuterium, requiring corrections for nuclear binding and nucleon off-shell effects. These corrections are model dependent and have significant uncertainties, especially for large values of the Bjorken scaling variable x. The Barely Off-shell Nucleon Structure (BONuS) experiment at Jefferson Lab measured the inelastic electron deuteron scattering cross section, tagging spectator protons in coincidence with the scattered electrons. This method reduces nuclear binding uncertainties significantly and has allowed for the first time a (nearly) model independent extraction of the neutron structure function. A novel compact radial time projection chamber was built to detect protons with momentum between 70 and 150 MeV/c. For the extraction of the free neutron structure function $F_{2n}$, spectator protons at backward angle and with momenta below 100 MeV/c were selected, ensuring that the scattering took place on a nearly free neutron. The scattered electrons were detected with Jefferson Lab's CLAS spectrometer. The extracted neutron structure function $F_{2n}$ and its ratio to the deuteron structure function $F_{2d}$ are presented in both the resonance and deep inelastic regions. The dependence of the cross section on the spectator proton momentum and angle is investigated, and tests of the spectator mechanism for different kinematics are performed. Our data set can be used to study neutron resonance excitations, test quark hadron duality in the neutron, develop more precise parametrizations of structure functions, as well as investigate binding effects (including possible mechanisms for the nuclear EMC effect) and provide a first glimpse of the asymptotic behavior of d/u as x goes to 1., Comment: 28 pages, 22 figures; published in Phys. Rev. C. Revised to include three authors inadvertently left off the original version: D. Dutta, R. Ent, and M. Ispiryan

Published
2014
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172. EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2017 : From A Climate Perspective

Author

Herring, Stephanie C., Christidis, Nikolaos, Hoell, Andrew, Hoerling, Marty, Stott, Peter A., Owen, Rebecca, Vano, Julie A., Dettinger, Michael D., Cifelli, Rob, Curtis, David, Dufour, Alexis, Miller, Kathleen, Olsen, J. Rolf, Wilson, Anna M., Nerem, R. S., Fasullo, J., Hoell, Andrew, Perlwitz, Judith, Dewes, Candida, Wolter, Klaus, Rangwala, Imtiaz, Quan, Xiao-Wei, Eischeid, Jon, Wang, Hailan, Schubert, Siegfried D., Koster, Randal D., Chang, Yehui, Christidis, Nikolaos, Betts, Richard A., Stott, Peter A., de Abreu, Rafael C., Cunningham, Christopher, Rudorff, Conrado M., Rudorff, Natalia, Abatan, Abayomi A., Dong, Buwen, Lott, Fraser C., Tett, Simon F. B., Sparrow, Sarah N., Navarro, Juan C. Acosta, Ortega, Pablo, García-Serrano, Javier, Guemas, Virginie, Tourigny, Etienne, Cruz-García, Rubén, Massonnet, François, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J., Kew, Sarah F., Philip, Sjoukje Y., van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan, Otto, Friederike E. L., Vautard, Robert, van der Schrier, Gerard, Funk, Chris, Hoell, Andrew, Nicholson, Sharon, Korecha, Diriba, Galu, Gideon, Artan, Guleid, Teshome, Fetene, Hailermariam, Kinfe, Segele, Zewdu, Harrison, Laura, Tadege, Abebe, Atheru, Zachary, Pomposi, Catherine, Pedreros, Diego, Rimi, Ruksana H., Haustein, Karsten, Barbour, Emily J., Allen, Myles R., Takahashi, Chiharu, Shiogama, Hideo, Imada, Yukiko, Kosaka, Yu, Mori, Masato, Arai, Miki, Kamae, Youichi, Watanabe, Masahiro, Min, Seung-Ki, Kim, Yeon-Hee, Park, In-Hong, Lee, Donghyun, Sparrow, Sarah, Wallom, David, Stone, Dáithí, Sun, Ying, Dong, Siyan, Zhang, Xuebin, Stott, Peter, Hu, Ting, Wang, Shanshan, Yuan, Xing, Wu, Renguang, Chen, Yang, Chen, Wei, Su, Qin, Luo, Feifei, Sparrow, Sarah, Tian, Fangxing, Dong, Buwen, Tett, Simon F. B., Lott, Fraser C., Wallom, David, Zhou, Chunlüe, Wang, Kaicun, Qi, Dan, Tan, Jianguo, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., King, A. D., Cougnon, E. A., Grose, M. R., Oliver, E. C. J., Holbrook, N. J., Lewis, S. C., Pourasghar, F., Hope, Pandora, Black, Mitchell T., Lim, Eun-Pa, Dowdy, Andrew, Wang, Guomin, Pepler, Acacia S., and Fawcett, Robert J. B.

Published
2019

174. Different packing motifs mediated by weak interactions and polymorphism in the crystal structures of five 2-(benzylidene)benzosuberone derivatives

Author

Lewis S. Seaman, Cristiane F. da Costa, Marcus V. N. de Souza, Solange M. S. V. Wardell, James L. Wardell, and William T. A. Harrison

Subjects
crystal structure, suberone, polymorphism, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The syntheses and crystal structures of five 2-benzylidene-1-benzosuberone [1-benzosuberone is 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one] derivatives, viz. 2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, C19H18O2, (I), 2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, C20H20O2, (II), 2-(4-benzylbenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, C25H22O2, (III), 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, C18H15ClO, (IV) and 2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone, C19H15NO, (V), are described. The conformations of the benzosuberone fused six- plus seven-membered ring fragments are very similar in each case, but the dihedral angles between the fused benzene ring and the pendant benzene ring differ somewhat, with values of 23.79 (3) for (I), 24.60 (4) for (II), 33.72 (4) for (III), 29.93 (8) for (IV) and 21.81 (7)° for (V). Key features of the packing include pairwise C—H...O hydrogen bonds for (II) and (IV), and pairwise C—H...N hydrogen bonds for (V), which generate inversion dimers in each case. The packing for (I) and (III) feature C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which lead to [010] and [100] chains, respectively. Weak C—H...π interactions consolidate the structures and weak aromatic π–π stacking is seen in (II) [centroid–centroid separation = 3.8414 (7) Å] and (III) [3.9475 (7) Å]. A polymorph of (I) crystallized from a different solvent has been reported previously [Dimmock et al. (1999) J. Med. Chem. 42, 1358–1366] in the same space group but with a packing motif based on inversion dimers resembling that seen in (IV) in the present study. The Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots for (I) and its polymorph are compared and structural features of the 2-benzylidene-1-benzosuberone family of phases are surveyed.

Published
2019
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182. Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic $e^\pm p$ scattering

Author

Moteabbed, M., Niroula, M., Raue, B. A., Weinstein, L. B., Adikaram, D., Arrington, J., Brooks, W. K., Lachniet, J., Rimal, Dipak, Ungaro, M., Adhikari, K. P., Aghasyan, M., Amaryan, M. J., Pereira, S. Anefalos, Avakian, H., Ball, J., Baltzell, N. A., Battaglieri, M., Batourine, V., Bedlinskiy, I., Bennett, R. P., Biselli, A. S., Bono, J., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Cole, P. L., Collins, P., Contalbrigo, M., Cortes, O., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Doughty, D., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Fleming, J. A., Gevorgyan, N., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Goetz, J. T., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guidal, M., Guler, N., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Ho, D., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Klein, F. J., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kuleshov, S. V., Lewis, S., Lu, H. Y., MacCormick, M., MacGregor, I . J . D., Martinez, D., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Moriya, K., Moutarde, H., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nasseripour, R., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Park, S., Phelps, E., Phillips, J. J., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Pozdniakov, S., Price, J. W., Procureur, S., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A. J. R., Ripani, M., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Saini, M. S., Salgado, C., Schott, D., Schumacher, R. A., Seder, E., Seraydaryan, H., Sharabian, Y. G., Smith, E. S., Smith, G. D., Sober, D. I., Sokhan, D., Stepanyan, S., Strauch, S., Tang, W., Taylor, C. E., Tian, Ye, Tkachenko, S., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N. K., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zana, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zonta, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The discrepancy between proton electromagnetic form factors extracted using unpolarized and polarized scattering data is believed to be a consequence of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. However, the calculations of TPE corrections have significant model dependence, and there is limited direct experimental evidence for such corrections. We present the results of a new experimental technique for making direct $e^\pm p$ comparisons, which has the potential to make precise measurements over a broad range in $Q^2$ and scattering angles. We use the Jefferson Lab electron beam and the Hall B photon tagger to generate a clean but untagged photon beam. The photon beam impinges on a converter foil to generate a mixed beam of electrons, positrons, and photons. A chicane is used to separate and recombine the electron and positron beams while the photon beam is stopped by a photon blocker. This provides a combined electron and positron beam, with energies from 0.5 to 3.2 GeV, which impinges on a liquid hydrogen target. The large acceptance CLAS detector is used to identify and reconstruct elastic scattering events, determining both the initial lepton energy and the sign of the scattered lepton. The data were collected in two days with a primary electron beam energy of only 3.3 GeV, limiting the data from this run to smaller values of $Q^2$ and scattering angle. Nonetheless, this measurement yields a data sample for $e^\pm p$ with statistics comparable to those of the best previous measurements. We have shown that we can cleanly identify elastic scattering events and correct for the difference in acceptance for electron and positron scattering. The final ratio of positron to electron scattering: $R=1.027\pm0.005\pm0.05$ for $=0.206$ GeV$^2$ and $0.830\leq \epsilon\leq 0.943$.

Published
2013
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183. Hard Two-body Photodisintegration of 3He

Author

Pomerantz, I., Ilieva, Y., Gilman, R., Higinbotham, D. W., Piasetzky, E., Strauch, S., Adhikari, K. P., Aghasyan, M., Allada, K., Amaryan, M. J., Pereira, S. Anefalos, Anghinolfi, M., Baghdasaryan, H., Ball, J., Baltzell, N. A., Battaglieri, M., Batourine, V., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bedlinskiy, I., Berman, B. L., Biselli, A. S., Boeglin, W., Bono, J., Bookwalter, C., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bubis, N., Burkert, V., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Chandavar, S., Charles, G., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., Cusanno, F., D'Angelo, A., Daniel, A., Dashyan, N., de Jager, C. W., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Dodge, G. E., Doughty, D., Dupre, R., Dutta, C., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fleming, J. A., Fradi, A., Garibaldi, F., Geagla, O., Gevorgyan, N., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Glister, J., Goetz, J. T., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guegan, B., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Harrison, N., Heddle, D., Hicks, K., Ho, D., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jiang, X., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Katramatou, A. T., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Khetarpal, P., Khrosinkova, E., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuleshov, S. V., Kvaltine, N. D., Lee, B., LeRose, J. J., Lewis, S., Lindgren, R., Livingston, K., Lu, H. Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mao, Y., Martinez, D., Mayer, M., McCullough, E., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Meyer, C. A., Michaels, R., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Moffit, B., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Moutarde, H., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nasseripour, R., Nepali, C. S., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Park, S., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, E., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Pozdniakov, S., Procureur, S., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A. J. R., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Ricco, G., Rimal, D., Ripani, M., Ritchie, B. G., Rodriguez, I., Ron, G., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Sabatie, F., Saha, A., Saini, M. S., Sarty, A. J., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. A., Schott, D., Schulte, E., Schumacher, R. A., Seder, E., Seraydaryan, H., Shneor, R., Smith, G. D., Sokhan, D., Sparveris, N., Stepanyan, S. S., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Taiuti, M., Tang, W., Taylor, C. E., Tkachenko, S., Ungaro, M., Vernarsky, B., Vineyard, M. F., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N. K., Wang, Y., Watts, D. P., Weinstein, L. B., Weygand, D. P., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Yan, X., Yao, H., Zachariou, N., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., and Zonta, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have measured cross sections for the gamma+3He->p+d reaction at photon energies of 0.4 - 1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90 deg. We observe dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a nucleus heavier than the deuteron.

Published
2013
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186. Near Threshold Neutral Pion Electroproduction at High Momentum Transfers and Generalized Form Factors

Author

Khetarpal, P., Stoler, P., Aznauryan, I. G., Kubarovsky, V., Adhikari, K. P., Adikaram, D., Aghasyan, M., Amaryan, M. J., Anderson, M. D., Pereira, S. Anefalos, Anghinolfi, M., Avakian, H., Baghdasaryan, H., Ball, J., Baltzell, N. A., Battaglieri, M., Batourine, V., Bedlinskiy, I., Biselli, A. S., Bono, J., Boiarinov, S., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Celentano, A., Charles, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., De Sanctis, E., Deur, A., Djalali, C., Doughty, D., Dugger, M., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Eugenio, P., Fedotov, G., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Fleming, J. A., Fradi, A., Gabrielyan, M. Y., Garçon, M., Gevorgyan, N., Gilfoyle, G. P., Giovanetti, K. L., Girod, F. X., Goetz, J. T., Gohn, W., Golovatch, E., Gothe, R. W., Griffioen, K. A., Guegan, B., Guidal, M., Guo, L., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hanretty, C., Harrison, N., Hicks, K., Ho, D., Holtrop, M., Hyde, C. E., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Ishkhanov, B. S., Isupov, E. L., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Keller, D., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Koirala, S., Kubarovsky, A., Kuleshov, S. V., Kvaltine, N. D., Lewis, S., Livingston, K., Lu, H. Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mao, Y., Martinez, D., Mayer, M., McKinnon, B., Meyer, C. A., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R. A., Moutarde, H., Munevar, E., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nasseripour, R., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Park, S., Pasyuk, E., Phelps, E., Phillips, J. J., Pisano, S., Pogorelko, O., Pozdniakov, S., Price, J. W., Procureur, S., Protopopescu, D., Puckett, A. J. R., Raue, B. A., Ricco, G., Rimal, D., Ripani, M., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Sabatié, F., Saini, M. S., Salgado, C., Saylor, N. A., Schott, D., Schumacher, R. A., Seder, E., Seraydaryan, H., Sharabian, Y. G., Smith, G. D., Sober, D. I., Sokhan, D., Stepanyan, S. S., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Taiuti, M., Tang, W., Taylor, C. E., Tkachenko, S., Ungaro, M., Vernarsky, B., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walford, N. K., Weinstein, L. B., Weygand, D. P., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zonta, I.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the measurement of near threshold neutral pion electroproduction cross sections and the extraction of the associated structure functions on the proton in the kinematic range $Q^2$ from 2 to 4.5 GeV$^2$ and $W$ from 1.08 to 1.16 GeV. These measurements allow us to access the dominant pion-nucleon s-wave multipoles $E_{0+}$ and $S_{0+}$ in the near-threshold region. In the light-cone sum-rule framework (LCSR), these multipoles are related to the generalized form factors $G_1^{\pi^0 p}(Q^2)$ and $G_2^{\pi^0 p}(Q^2)$. The data are compared to these generalized form factors and the results for $G_1^{\pi^0 p}(Q^2)$ are found to be in good agreement with the LCSR predictions, but the level of agreement with $G_2^{\pi^0 p}(Q^2)$ is poor., Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures, Journal article (Physical Review C)

Published
2012
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187. Benchmark experiments with global climate models applicable to extra-solar gas giant planets in the shallow atmosphere approximation

Author

Bending, V. L., Lewis, S. R., and Kolb, U.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The growing field of exoplanetary atmospheric modelling has seen little work on standardised benchmark tests for its models, limiting understanding of the dependence of results on specific models and conditions. With spatially resolved observations as yet difficult to obtain, such a test is invaluable. Although an intercomparison test for models of tidally locked gas giant planets has previously been suggested and carried out, the data provided were limited in terms of comparability. Here, the shallow PUMA model is subjected to such a test, and detailed statistics produced to facilitate comparison, with both time means and the associated standard deviations displayed, removing the time dependence and providing a measure of the variability. Model runs have been analysed to determine the variability between resolutions, and the effect of resolution on the energy spectra studied. Superrotation is a robust and reproducible feature at all resolutions., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures; submitted to MNRAS

Published
2012
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190. Efficacy and tolerability of oral morphine versus oxycodone/acetaminophen for analgesia in the emergency department

Author

Hayley Harvey, MD, Maria Cacciapuoti, MD, Leena Ramadan, MD, Katherine Brodie, MD, Colin Gibson, MD, Eshetu Tefera, MS, Gregory G. Yu, MD, PharmD, MBA, MPH, Sergey M. Motov, MD, Lewis S. Nelson, MD, and Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi, PharmD, MD, MPH, PhD

Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), General Medicine
Abstract

Objective: Oxycodone/acetaminophen is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for pain management in the emergency department (ED) despite its high abuse liability. Our objective was to determine whether oral immediate-release morphine is as effective and well tolerated as oral oxycodone/acetaminophen for pain relief in stable ED patients. Design: This is a prospective comparative study in which stable adult patients with acute painful conditions who had either oral morphine (15 or 30 mg) or oxycodone/ acetaminophen (5/325 mg or 10/650 mg) ordered for them at the discretion of a triage physician were recruited. Setting: This study took place in an urban, academic ED from 2016 to 2019. Participants: Seventy-three percent of the subjects were between the ages of 18 and 59, 57 percent were female, and 85 percent were African American. Most presented with abdominal, extremity, or back pain. Patient characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Interventions: Of the 364 enrolled patients, 182 were given oral morphine and 182 were given oxycodone/acetaminophen at the discretion of the triage provider. They were asked to rate their pain score prior to receiving analgesia and at 60 and 90 minutes after administration. Main outcome measures: We examined pain scores, adverse effects, overall satisfaction, willingness to accept the same treatment again, and the need for additional analgesia. Results: There was no difference in satisfaction reported by patients who received morphine versus oxycodone/acetaminophen: 15.9 percent vs 16.5 percent were very satisfied, 31.9 percent vs 26.4 percent were somewhat satisfied, and 23.6 percent vs 22.5 percent were not satisfied, p = 0.56. Secondary outcomes also showed no significant difference: net change in pain score –2 vs –2 at 60 and 90 minutes, p = 0.91 and p = 0.72, respectively; adverse effects 20.9 percent vs 19.2 percent, p = 0.69; need for further analgesia 9.3 percent vs 7.1 percent, p = 0.44; willingness to accept analgesic again 73.1 percent vs 78.6 percent, p = 0.22. Conclusions: Oral morphine is a feasible alternative to oxycodone/acetaminophen for analgesia in the ED.

Published
2023

199. Immunotherapy-Based Treatments of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review

Author

Cannella R., Lewis S., da Fonseca L., Ronot M., Rimola J., Cannella R., Lewis S., da Fonseca L., Ronot M., and Rimola J.

Subjects
RECIST, locoregional therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, hepatocellular carcinoma, immunotherapy, General Medicine, multikinase inhibitor, mRECIST, CT, MRI
Abstract

The advent of immunotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed the treatment landscape and conferred a survival benefit on patients with advanced HCC, who typically have a very poor prognosis. The most pronounced improvements in response, as documented by standardized response criteria based on CT or MRI, have been achieved when immunotherapy is combined with other systemic or locoregional therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments result in unique patterns on CT and MRI that challenge the application of conventional response criteria such as RECIST, modified RECIST, and European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria. Thus, newer criteria have been developed to gauge therapy response or disease progression for patients receiving immunotherapy, including immune-related RECIST (iRECIST) and immune-modified RECIST (imRECIST), though these remain unvalidated. In this review, we describe the current landscape of immunotherapeutic agents used for HCC, summarize the results of published studies, review the pathobiologic mechanisms that provide a rationale for the use of these agents, and report on the status of response assessment for immunotherapy either alone or in combination with other treatment options. Finally, consensus statements are provided to inform radiologists about essential considerations in the era of a rapidly changing treatment paradigm for patients with HCC.

Published
2022

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