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Background context Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) is a rare cause of progressive myelopathy. Preoperative diagnosis can be made with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many surgical techniques have been applied by various authors, and ISCH is usually reversible by surgical treatment. Purpose To present a case of ISCH in two separate zones at two thoracic levels. To our knowledge, this is the first such case to be published in English literature. We also discuss the clinical findings, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes for other previously reported cases of ISCH in the literature. Study design Case report. Methods A 52-year-old woman with bilateral lower extremity weakness underwent thoracic MRI, which revealed transdural spinal cord herniation at two separate zones, namely, the T4–T5 and T5–T6 intervertebral disc levels. Results During surgery, the spinal cord was reduced, the two separate dural defects were connected, and the new single defect was restored then reinforced with a thin layer of fascial graft. The posterior dural defect was then closed with interrupted stitches. The patient’s neurologic status was characterized by no changing of the preoperative motor status. Follow-up MRI scans showed that the cord was replaced in the dural sac and showed cord hyperintensity in the herniation levels. The patient could move with a cane at the sixth month postoperatively. Conclusions Idiopathic spinal cord herniation is a rare clinical condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of paraplegia. Although progression of neurologic deficits can be very slow, reduction of the spinal cord and repair of the defect are crucial to stop or reverse the deterioration. The outcome for patients who initially have Brown-Sequard syndrome is significantly better than for patients who presented with spastic paralysis. To our knowledge, this case study represents the first reported instance in which two separate anterior dural defects caused two levels of anterior spinal cord herniation.

The acaricidal activity of a volatile essential oil hydrodistillate of Satureja thymbra L (Lamiaceae) and its major constituents, carvacrol and gamma-terpinene, were evaluated against field-collected unfed adult Hyalomma marginatum. The distillate was tested against this tick species at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mu L/L while the two major components were each tested at 10 mu L/L. Generally, tick mortality to the S. thymbra distillate increased with concentration and exposure time. Ticks exposed to vapors from cotton wicks containing at least 40 mu L/L resulted in complete (100%) mortality at 3 h. The lower concentrations provided >= 90% mortality at 3 h post treatment with complete mortality at 24 h. Knockdown was observed only in the carvacrol and gamma-terpinene treatments. Ticks exposed to carvacrol-treated wicks produced >93% knockdown at 3 h but at 24 h approximately 57% were dead. The gamma-terpinene treatment produced >= 90% knockdown at 105 min through 3 h but at 24 h only about 87% of the ticks were dead. Akdeniz Üniversitesi

Aydin, Levent/0000-0001-8179-7418; Acar, Mustafa/0000-0002-7426-6747 WOS: 000283561900065 The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic and environmental implications of Turkey's possible accession to the European Union (EU). The paper focuses on the impacts of three main components of Turkey's possible EU membership: (i) the free movement of labor between the EU and Turkey, (ii) the free movement of capital, and (iii) the burden-sharing of Turkey in terms of the EU's environmental objectives in the horizon of 2020, that is, the reduction of carbon emissions. Among these, a particular focus is placed on the influence of the CO(2) emission reduction targets in both regions and their consequences on the carbon price in 2020. We estimate the resource allocation effects of EU climate change policies on both regions by taking into account the likely labor movement from Turkey to the EU and capital movement in the reverse direction. The results show that different emission targets for the two regions bring about a change in comparative advantages and thus a change in interregional competitiveness. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies 2009, RAST '09; İstanbul; Turkey; 11 June 2009 through 13 June 2009, This study considers multi-objective optimal design of the fiber reinforced symmetric-balanced laminated composites using genetic algorithms. MATLAB Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox is used to obtain Pareto-optimal design for three different model problems. The objectives of the problems are to maximize the Young's moduli and minimize the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) simultaneously for 8 and 16 layered carbon/epoxy composites. Simplified micromechanics equations and classical lamination theory are used in order to obtain the fitness functions of the problems. Stress and strain distributions are presented through the thickness of the laminates for the optimized problems under mechanical and thermal loadings.

The acaricidal effects of the volatile essential oil Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) against adult Rhipicephalus turanicus was evaluated at a variety of concentrations and exposure times. Generally tick mortality increased with concentration and exposure. Ticks exposed to vapors from cotton wicks containing at least 10 mu l/L resulted in complete (100%) mortality at 120 min. The major constituent of essential oil obtained from the plant material of O. minutiflorum was carvacrol. Akdeniz Üniversitesi

Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital anomalies derived from the notochord and located in front of the spinal column, mostly at the cervical level. They consist of an intraspinal cystic component that is connected to a mediastinal or thoracic cyst. A case of a cervical, intraspinal, neurenteric cyst, diagnosed at 28 weeks of gestation and operated on at 3 and half months after birth, is reported. Herein, we discuss important features of this case including its rare occurrence, intrauterine diagnosis, and early surgical intervention. In conclusion, the nature of prenatal intradural cysts should be fully evaluated and differentiated between neurenteric cyst and other types of cysts with fetal ultrasonography. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of this potential cyst in fetal ultrasonography in utero. Neurenteric cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical intradural cystic lesions. In infants, successful surgery provides a cure in patients with cervical neurenteric cysts.

The acaricidal efficacy of ceramic tiles treated at field application rates with either spinosad (Mozkill (c) 120 SC, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), deltamethrin (Impotek Deltamethrin (c) EW, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), permethrin + esbiothrin (Chrysamed (c), 0.1 g ai/m(2)), chlorpyrifos-methyl (Chlortoks (c) EC 50, 0.2 g ai/m(2)) or a mixture of alpha-cypermethrin/tetramethrin/piperonyl butoxide (Ecorex Alfa (c) SE, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), against larval Rhipicephalus turanicus and Argas persicus ticks was determined in laboratory bioassays. All ticks were initially exposed to treated tiles for 15 min then removed to non-treated containers and mortality evaluated for 15 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h postexposure. Generally, A. persicus proved to be the most susceptible of the two species to all treatments. The alpha-cypermethrin/tetramethrin/piperonyl butoxide mixture was the quickest acting acaricide against larval A. persicus where 100% mortality was observed 15 min postexposure. For the rest of the treatments complete mortality was obtained at 1 h except for permethrin/esbiothrin which occurred at 6 h postexposure. Complete mortality of larval R turanicus occurred to deltamethrin and spinosad at I h postexposure with all acaricides providing 100% control at 6 h except permethrin/esbiothrin which only achieved 92% control through the end of the study (i.e. 24 h). Our results showed that spinosad would be a useful addition in a tick control program as an alternative for pyrethroids and organic phosphorus acaricides against both tick species. Akdeniz Üniversitesi

Honey samples, collected from the Southern Marmara region of Turkey, were analysed for erythromycin residues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode (LC-ESI-MS). Fifty samples, comprising chestnut, pine, linden and multi-flower honeys, were collected directly from hives and analyzed. The limit of detection and quantification were 6 and 20 ng g(-1), respectively, and recovery ranged from 85 to 89%. Four of the honey samples (8%) were found to be contaminated with erythromycin residues at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1776 ng g(-1). An erythromycin-fortified cake feeding assay was also performed in a defined hive to test the transfer of erythromycin residue to the honey matrix. In this test hive, the residue level in the honey, 3 months after dosing, was approximately 28 ng g(-1).

Bu proje, Avrupa Birliği tarafından desteklenmiştir. Integrated Consortium Ticks Tick Borne Dis 3 (ICTTD-3, IC18-CT95-0009) Turkey's tick fauna is composed of about 32 species in two families and ten genera in mammals, reptiles, and birds. The ticks of veterinary significance in the family Ixodidae comprise seven genera with 28 different species. Ixodes spp. are mostly seen in northern Turkey. It is likely that the high rainfall and the intensive forest in this area may contribute to this observation. To date, the following species have been found to be sporadically present: Amblyomma variegatum in Hatay province (border to Syria), Boophilus kohlsi in southeastern Turkey (border of Syria), Ornithodorus in Central and East Anatolia, and Otobius megnini in East Anatolia (Malatya Province). Ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Argas are widespread throughout Anatolia. Thus, their role in the epidemiology of important human and livestock diseases such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lyme disease, and diseases caused by hemoparasites needs to be examined in greater detail. Avrupa Birliği

Nosema bombycis (Naegeli, 1857) is the causative agent of the "Pebrine disease" in silkworms. N. bombycis spores were found in silkworm samples originating from the Hatay, Bursa and Bilecik provinces. Clinical signs were observed in the infected silkworm larvae. Because of the transovarial transmission risk, all the infected silkworm colonies were destroyed.

A female arthropod was found on a bumble bee and was found to be an acaria belonging to the genus Macrocheles sp (Acarina: Macrochelidae). This is the first time that the parasitic acaria, which is found in many parts of the world, has been reported on bumble bees in Turkey.

Percutanous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed on a patient in a prone position. During the first hour of intervention, some unwanted haemodynamic complications arose, which included a decrease in systemic blood pressure, an increase in heart rate and an increase in peak inspiratory pressures. Owing to worsening of those unexplained haemodynamic abnormalities, surgery was terminated. As the patient turned from prone to supine position, abdominal distention was noticed. Later, 3 litres of fluid were removed from the abdomen via peritoneal lavage. Upon fluid removal, a dramatic haemodynamic improvement was observed. The problem was thought to have been caused by a technical error in placing the dilator inside the abdomen, which allowed the irrigation fluid to accumulate inside the abdominal cavity. The aim of this presentation is to raise awareness of intra-abdominal hypertension when the aforementioned haemodynamic abnormalities are detected during PCNL. Early detection and treatment may prevent morbidity and mortality in similar cases.

(2010). Molecular detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infections in Turkish apiaries with collapsed colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research: Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 342-342.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os efeitos de três doses diferentes de gabapentina como pré‐tratamento sobre a incidência e a gravidade dos movimentos mioclônicos associados à injeção de etomidato.MétodoCem pacientes, entre 18‐60 anos, estado físico ASA I‐II, programados para cirurgia eletiva sob anestesia geral, foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram randomicamente divididos em quatro grupos e duas horas antes da operação receberam cápsulas orais de placebo (Grupo P, n = 25), 400mg de gabapentina (Grupo G400, n = 25), 800mg de gabapentina (Grupo G800, n = 25) e 1.200mg de gabapentina (Grupo G1.200, n = 25). Os efeitos colaterais antes da cirurgia foram registados. Após pré‐oxigenação para a indução da anestesia, etomidate (0,3mg.kg−1) foi administrado por 10 segundos. Um único anestesista, cego para a medicação do estudo, avaliou a sedação e os movimentos mioclônicos com uma escala de 0 a 3. Dois minutos após a indução, fentanil (2μgr.kg−1) e rocurônio (0,8mg.kg−1) foram administrados para a intubação traqueal.ResultadosOs dados demográficos foram semelhantes. A incidência e a gravidade da mioclonia nos grupos G1.200 e G800 foram significativamente menores do que no Grupo P; a incidência e o nível de sedação foram consideravelmente maiores comparados com o Grupo P e o Grupo G400. Enquanto não houve diferença na incidência de mioclonia entre os grupos P e G400, a gravidade da mioclonia no Grupo G400 foi menor do que no grupo placebo. No período de duas horas antes da indução, nenhum dos efeitos colaterais relacionados à gabapentina, exceto sedação, foi observado em qualquer paciente.ConclusãoO pré‐tratamento com 800mg e 1.200mg de gabapentina duas horas antes da operação aumentou o nível de sedação e reduziu a incidência e a gravidade dos movimentos mioclônicos associados ao etomidato.AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of three different doses of gabapentin pretreatment on the incidence and severity of myoclonic movements linked to etomidate injection.MethodOne hundered patients, between 18 and 60 years of age and risk category American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II, with planned elective surgery under general anesthetic were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into four groups and 2h before the operation were given oral capsules of placebo (Group P, n=25), 400mg gabapentin (Group G400, n=25), 800mg gabapentin (Group G800, n=25) or 1200mg gabapentin (Group G1200, n=25). Side effects before the operation were recorded. After preoxygenation for anesthesia induction 0.3mgkg−1 etomidate was administered for 10s. A single anesthetist with no knowledge of the study medication evaluated sedation and myoclonic movements on a scale between 0 and 3. Two minutes after induction, 2μgkg−1 fentanyl and 0.8mgkg−1 rocuronium were administered for tracheal intubation.ResultsDemographic data were similar. Incidence and severity of myoclonus in Group G1200 and Group G800 were significantly lower than in Group P; sedation incidence and level were appreciably higher compared to Group P and Group G400. While there was no difference in the incidence of myoclonus between Group P and Group G400, the severity of myoclonus in Group G400 was lower than in the placebo group. In the two‐hour period before induction other than sedation none of the side effects related to gabapentin were observed in any patient.ConclusionPretreatment with 800mg and 1200mg gabapentin 2h before the operation increased the level of sedation and reduced the incidence and severity of myoclonic movements due to etomidate.