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151. Desert breath—How fog promotes a novel type of soil biocenosis, forming the coastal Atacama Desert’s living skin

Author

Jung, Patrick, primary, Baumann, Karen, additional, Lehnert, Lukas W., additional, Samolov, Elena, additional, Achilles, Sebastian, additional, Schermer, Michael, additional, Wraase, Luise M., additional, Eckhardt, Kai‐Uwe, additional, Bader, Maaike Y., additional, Leinweber, Peter, additional, Karsten, Ulf, additional, Bendix, Jörg, additional, and Büdel, Burkhard, additional

Published
2019
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162. Agronomic evaluation of bone char as phosphorus fertiliser after five years of consecutive application.

Author

Panten, Kerstin and Leinweber, Peter

Subjects
*BONES, *SUPERPHOSPHATES, *CHAR, *FERTILIZERS, *CROP rotation, *PHOSPHORUS
Abstract

Bone char (BC), pyrolyzed defatted bones from slaughterhouse waste, may be a promising secondary raw material to produce phosphorus (P) fertiliser, but its agronomic value has not yet been shown in longer-term field experiments. Phosphorus in BC (15% P) is mainly bound in a structure similar to hydroxylapatite (HA). Generally, P in HA is of low solubility and, consequently, it can be expected that bones or BC have a low fertilisation value. Better solubility of P is expected from BC enriched with sulphur (BCplus). In 2013, a field experiment was established to test the fertilisation potential of BC and BCplus compared to a control (P0) and triple super phosphate (TSP) treatment. According to their mean PCAL concentrations (0-30 cm) plots were assigned to the initial soil P-test class (iSPTC) A (11 mg kg-1 PCAL), B (21 mg kg-1 PCAL), and C (47 mg kg-1 PCAL). After a first crop rotation an increased cumulative yield was determined for iSPTC-A depending on the fertiliser treatment with means of relative yield of P0 (90%) < BC (94%) < BCplus (95%) < TSP (100%). Effects on the relative P uptake of grain in iSPTC-A depending on the fertiliser treatment were in the order of P0 (81%) < BC (88%) < BCplus (91%) < TSP (100%) and in iSPTC-B of P0 (84%) < BCplus (90%) < BC (92%) < TSP (100%). Fertiliser treatments had no effect on mean yield and P uptake in the first crop rotation if initially sufficient soil P (iSPTC-C) was available. An increase of PCAL concentrations was only achieved by TSP fertilisation. Future experimental years will show, if BC fertilisers are able to maintain sufficient P availability to crops in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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163. Desert breath—How fog promotes a novel type of soil biocenosis, forming the coastal Atacama Desert's living skin.

Author

Jung, Patrick, Baumann, Karen, Lehnert, Lukas W., Samolov, Elena, Achilles, Sebastian, Schermer, Michael, Wraase, Luise M., Eckhardt, Kai‐Uwe, Bader, Maaike Y., Leinweber, Peter, Karsten, Ulf, Bendix, Jörg, and Büdel, Burkhard

Subjects
DESERTS, FOG, SOIL formation, BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles, GROUND cover plants, SOIL classification, PLANT-water relationships
Abstract

The Atacama Desert is the driest non‐polar desert on Earth, presenting precarious conditions for biological activity. In the arid coastal belt, life is restricted to areas with fog events that cause almost daily wet–dry cycles. In such an area, we discovered a hitherto unknown and unique ground covering biocenosis dominated by lichens, fungi, and algae attached to grit‐sized (~6 mm) quartz and granitoid stones. Comparable biocenosis forming a kind of a layer on top of soil and rock surfaces in general is summarized as cryptogamic ground covers (CGC) in literature. In contrast to known CGC from arid environments to which frequent cyclic wetting events are lethal, in the Atacama Desert every fog event is answered by photosynthetic activity of the soil community and thus considered as the desert's breath. Photosynthesis of the new CGC type is activated by the lowest amount of water known for such a community worldwide thus enabling the unique biocenosis to fulfill a variety of ecosystem services. In a considerable portion of the coastal Atacama Desert, it protects the soil from sporadically occurring splash erosion and contributes to the accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen as well as soil formation through bio‐weathering. The structure and function of the new CGC type are discussed, and we suggest the name grit–crust. We conclude that this type of CGC can be expected in all non‐polar fog deserts of the world and may resemble the cryptogam communities that shaped ancient Earth. It may thus represent a relevant player in current and ancient biogeochemical cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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168. Pedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography: New insights from a climate gradient (arid to humid) along the Coastal Cordillera of Chile

Author

Bernhard, Nadine, primary, Moskwa, Lisa-Marie, additional, Schmidt, Karsten, additional, Oeser, Ralf A., additional, Aburto, Felipe, additional, Bader, Maaike Y., additional, Baumann, Karen, additional, von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm, additional, Boy, Jens, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Brucker, Emanuel, additional, Büdel, Burkhard, additional, Canessa, Rafaella, additional, Dippold, Michaela A., additional, Ehlers, Todd A., additional, Fuentes, Juan P., additional, Godoy, Roberto, additional, Jung, Patrick, additional, Karsten, Ulf, additional, Köster, Moritz, additional, Kuzyakov, Yakov, additional, Leinweber, Peter, additional, Neidhardt, Harald, additional, Matus, Francisco, additional, Mueller, Carsten W., additional, Oelmann, Yvonne, additional, Oses, Rómulo, additional, Osses, Pablo, additional, Paulino, Leandro, additional, Samolov, Elena, additional, Schaller, Mirjam, additional, Schmid, Manuel, additional, Spielvogel, Sandra, additional, Spohn, Marie, additional, Stock, Svenja, additional, Stroncik, Nicole, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Übernickel, Kirstin, additional, Scholten, Thomas, additional, Seguel, Oscar, additional, Wagner, Dirk, additional, and Kühn, Peter, additional

Published
2018
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169. Chemistry and microbiology of the Critical Zone along a steep climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Author

Oeser, Ralf A., primary, Stroncik, Nicole, additional, Moskwa, Lisa-Marie, additional, Bernhard, Nadine, additional, Schaller, Mirjam, additional, Canessa, Rafaella, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Köster, Moritz, additional, Brucker, Emanuel, additional, Stock, Svenja, additional, Fuentes, Juan Pablo, additional, Godoy, Roberto, additional, Matus, Francisco Javier, additional, Oses Pedraza, Rómulo, additional, Osses McIntyre, Pablo, additional, Paulino, Leandro, additional, Seguel, Oscar, additional, Bader, Maaike Y., additional, Boy, Jens, additional, Dippold, Michaela A., additional, Ehlers, Todd A., additional, Kühn, Peter, additional, Kuzyakov, Yakov, additional, Leinweber, Peter, additional, Scholten, Thomas, additional, Spielvogel, Sandra, additional, Spohn, Marie, additional, Übernickel, Kirstin, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Wagner, Dirk, additional, and von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm, additional

Published
2018
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170. Understanding the Coastal Ecocline: Assessing Sea–Land Interactions at Non-tidal, Low-Lying Coasts Through Interdisciplinary Research

Author

Jurasinski, Gerald, primary, Janssen, Manon, additional, Voss, Maren, additional, Böttcher, Michael E., additional, Brede, Martin, additional, Burchard, Hans, additional, Forster, Stefan, additional, Gosch, Lennart, additional, Gräwe, Ulf, additional, Gründling-Pfaff, Sigrid, additional, Haider, Fouzia, additional, Ibenthal, Miriam, additional, Karow, Nils, additional, Karsten, Ulf, additional, Kreuzburg, Matthias, additional, Lange, Xaver, additional, Leinweber, Peter, additional, Massmann, Gudrun, additional, Ptak, Thomas, additional, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Romoth, Katharina, additional, Schade, Hanna, additional, Schubert, Hendrik, additional, Schulz-Vogt, Heide, additional, Sokolova, Inna M., additional, Strehse, Robert, additional, Unger, Viktoria, additional, Westphal, Julia, additional, and Lennartz, Bernd, additional

Published
2018
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171. Bacterial potentials for uptake, solubilization and mineralization of extracellular phosphorus in agricultural soils are highly stable under different fertilization regimes

Author

Grafe, Martin, primary, Goers, Manuela, additional, von Tucher, Sabine, additional, Baum, Christel, additional, Zimmer, Dana, additional, Leinweber, Peter, additional, Vestergaard, Gisle, additional, Kublik, Susanne, additional, Schloter, Michael, additional, and Schulz, Stefanie, additional

Published
2018
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189. Biological soil crusts of temperate forests: Their role in P cycling

Author

Baumann, Karen, primary, Glaser, Karin, additional, Mutz, Jan-Erik, additional, Karsten, Ulf, additional, MacLennan, Aimee, additional, Hu, Yongfeng, additional, Michalik, Dirk, additional, Kruse, Jens, additional, Eckhardt, Kai-Uwe, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, and Leinweber, Peter, additional

Published
2017
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193. Effect of triple superphosphate and biowaste compost on mycorrhizal colonization and enzymatic P mobilization under maize in a long‐term field experiment.

Author

Peine, Manuela, Vitow, Nora, Grafe, Martin, Baum, Christel, Zicker, Theresa, Eichler-Löbermann, Bettina, Schulz, Stefanie, Schloter, Michael, and Leinweber, Peter

Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL agriculture, FERTILIZERS, CORN, COMPOSTING, SOIL amendments, COLONIZATION
Abstract

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers and mycorrhiza formation can both significantly improve the P supply of plants, but P fertilizers might inhibit mycorrhiza formation and change the microbial P cycling. To test the dimension and consequences of P fertilizer impacts under maize (Zea mays L.), three fertilizer treatments (1) triple superphosphate (TSP, 21–30 kg P ha−1 annually), biowaste compost (ORG, 30 Mg ha−1 wet weight every third year) and a combination of both (OMI) were compared to a non‐P‐fertilized control (C) in 2015 and 2016. The test site was a long‐term field experiment on a Stagnic Cambisol in Rostock (NE Germany). Soil microbial biomass P (Pmic) and soil enzyme activities involved in P mobilization (phosphatases and ß‐glucosidase), plant‐available P content (double lactate‐extract; PDL), mycorrhizal colonization, shoot biomass, and shoot P concentrations were determined. P deficiency led to decreased P immobilization in microbial biomass, but the maize growth was not affected. TSP application alone promoted the P uptake by the microbial biomass but reduced the mycorrhizal colonization of maize compared to the control by more than one third. Biowaste compost increased soil enzyme activities in the P cycling, increased Pmic and slightly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization of maize. Addition of TSP to biowaste compost increased the content of PDL in soil to the level of optimal plant supply. Single TSP supply decreased the ratio of PDL:Pmic to 1:1 from about 4:1 in the control. Decreased plant‐benefits from mycorrhizal symbiosis were assumed from decreased mycorrhizal colonization of maize with TSP supply. The undesirable side effects of TSP supply on the microbial P cycling can be alleviated by the use of compost. Thus, it can be concluded that the plant‐availability of P from soil amendments is controlled by the amendment‐specific microbial P cycling and, likely, P transfer to plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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194. The phosphorus dilemma in organically farmed grasslands -- are legume presence and phytodiversity incompatible?

Author

Mahnke, Barbara, Wrage-Mönnig, Nicole, Leinweber, Peter, and Müller, Jürgen

Subjects
PHOSPHORUS, GRASSLANDS, NITROGEN
Abstract

Organic grassland farmers are caught between the pressure to operate profitably and the need to ensure ecosystem services like nature conservation. Phosphorus (P) management is at the core of this dilemma: grassland legumes, which are vital for nitrogen (N) inputs, forage quantity and quality, have high P requirements. However, rising soil P contents lead to decreased phytodiversity. We examined this 'P dilemma' based on data of a study in typical organically managed grasslands in north-eastern Germany. We found a slight, but not significant negative correlation between the soil P contents and phytodiversity. Such a negative correlation was much clearer in broader ecological studies of European grasslands, probably due to a scale effect. Despite comparably small P concentrations, we detected only moderate species richness. Thus, other factors besides P concentrations are limiting phytodiversity here, probably N concentrations. The P concentrations in the biomass of various legume species indicated P limitations for most of them. We conclude that a bundle of adapted management measures could reconcile economic and environmental requirements of organic farmers to a certain degree and thus lessen the conflict between the two ecosystem services 'biodiversity' and 'forage production'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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195. Phosphorus Speciation in Agro-Industrial Byproducts: Sequential Fractionation, Solution 31P NMR, and P K- and L2,3-Edge XANES Spectroscopy

Author

Negassa, Wakene, Kruse, Jens, Michalik, Dirk, Appathurai, Narayana, Zuin, Lucia, and Leinweber, Peter

Abstract

Little is known about P species in agro-industrial byproducts from developing countries, which may be either pollutants or valuable soil amendments. The present study speciated P in dry (COD) and wet (COW) coffee, sisal (SIS), barley malt (BEB) and sugar cane processing (FIC) byproducts, and filter cakes of linseed (LIC) and niger seed (NIC) with sequential fractionation, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and P K- and L2,3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The sequential P fractionation recovered 59% to almost 100% of total P (Pt), and more than 50% of Ptwas extracted by H2O and NaHCO3in five out of seven samples. Similarly, the NaOH + EDTA extraction for solution 31P NMR recovered 48−94% of Pt. The 31P NMR spectra revealed orthophosphate (6−81%), pyrophosphate (0−10%), and orthophosphate monoesters (6−94%). Orthophosphate predominated in COD, COW, SIS, and FIC, whereas BEB, LIC, and NIC were rich in orthophosphate monoesters. The concentrations of Piand Podetermined in the sequential and NaOH + EDTA extractions and 31P NMR spectra were strongly and positively correlated (r= 0.88−1.00). Furthermore, the P K- and L2,3-edge XANES confirmed the H2SO4−Pidetected in the sequential fractionation by unequivocal identification of Ca−P phases in a few samples. The results indicate that the combined use of all four analytical methods is crucial for comprehensive P speciation in environmental samples and the application of these byproducts to soil.

Published
2024
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196. The Influence of Different, Long-Term Fertilizations on the Chemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Soil Organic Matter.

Author

Weber, Jerzy, Mielnik, Lilla, Leinweber, Peter, Hewelke, Edyta, Kocowicz, Andrzej, Jamroz, Elżbieta, and Podlasiński, Marek

Subjects
*CHEMICAL properties, *SOIL management, *ORGANIC compounds, *FULVIC acids, *HUMIC acid
Abstract

Currently, revealing soil management strategies that store the maximum atmospheric CO2 in the soil is a major issue. This is best explored by investigating long-term experiments, like the Skierniewice (Poland) field trial, established in 1921 on sandy loam Luvisol. In this trial, the variants analyzed included control (CON), manure (MAN), legumes (LEG), and manure + legumes (MAN + LEG). Soil samples from the A horizon were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), carbon content of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and humin (HUM), as well as for spectroscopic properties of bulk soil and isolated HUM. Compared to the control, all other treatments caused an increase in TOC, while the application of manure resulted in an increase in the amount of HUM. Legume application caused an increase in UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence emission. Thermochemolysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that HUM was enriched in carbohydrates in almost all pairs of soil and HUM. Compared to the CON, the largest proportion of carbohydrate in HUM was found in MAN + LEG. Different long-term soil management strategies not only altered TOC, but also, surprisingly, the chemical composition of HUM, which is considered to be particularly stable and a long-term sink of atmospheric carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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198. Phosphate

Author

Leinweber, Peter, primary, Jandl, Gerald, additional, Karsten, Ulf, additional, Lennartz, Bernd, additional, Schumann, Rhena, additional, Wimmers, Klaus, additional, and Zimmer, Dana, additional

Published
2016
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