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153. Curcumin prevents As3+-induced carcinogenesis through regulation of GSK3β/Nrf2.

Author

Dang, Yuan-Ye, Luo, Hua, Li, Yong-Mei, Zhou, Yang, Luo, Xiu, Lin, Shui-Mu, Liu, Shou-Ping, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Li, Chu-Wen, and Dai, Xiao-Yan

Subjects
CANCER prevention, BIOLOGICAL models, LYSOSOMES, ARSENIC, ANIMAL experimentation, AUTOPHAGY, CURCUMIN, ANTIOXIDANTS, NEOPLASTIC cell transformation, APOPTOSIS, CANCER, CELLULAR signal transduction, TREATMENT effectiveness, GENE expression, TRANSFERASES, MOLECULAR structure, COMPUTER-assisted molecular modeling, BIOLOGICAL assay, TRANSCRIPTION factors, LIGANDS (Biochemistry), MICE
Abstract

Background: Arsenic (As3+) is a carcinogen with considerable environmental and occupational relevancy. Its mechanism of action and methods of prevention remain to be investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that ROS is responsible for As3+-induced cell transformation, which is considered as the first stage of As3+ carcinogenesis. The NF-E2 p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway regulates the cellular antioxidant response, and activation of Nrf2 has recently been shown to limit oxidative damage following exposure to As3+ Methods and results: In this study, molecular docking was used to virtually screen natural antioxidant chemical databases and identify molecules that interact with the ligand-binding site of Keap1 (PDB code 4L7B). The cell-based assays and molecular docking findings revealed that curcumin has the best inhibitory activity against Keap1-4L7B. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) results indicated that curcumin is a potent Keap1 Kelch domain-dependent Nrf2 activator that stabilizes Nrf2 by hindering its ubiquitination. The increased activation of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant genes by curcumin could significantly decrease As3+-generated ROS. Moreover, curcumin induced autophagy in As3+-treated BEAS-2B via inducing autophagy by the formation of a p62/LC-3 complex and increasing autophagic flux by promoting transcription factor EB (TFEB) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) expression. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished curcumin-induced autophagy and downregulated ROS. Further studies showed that inhibition of autophagosome and lysosome fusion with bafilomycin a1 (BafA1) could block curcumin and prevented As3+-induced cell transformation. These results demonstrated that curcumin prevents As3+-induced cell transformation by inducing autophagy via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in BEAS-2B cells. However, overexpression of Keap-1 showed a constitutively high level of Nrf2 in As3+-transformed BEAS-2B cells (AsT) is Keap1-independent regulation. Overexpression of Nrf2 in AsT demonstrated that curcumin increased ROS levels and induced cell apoptosis via the downregulation of Nrf2. Further studies showed that curcumin decreased the Nrf2 level in AsT by activating GSK-3β to inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT. Co-IP assay results showed that curcumin promoted the interaction of Nrf2 with the GSK-3β/β-TrCP axis and ubiquitin. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK-3β reversed Nrf2 expression in curcumin-treated AsT, indicating that the decrease in Nrf2 is due to activation of the GSK-3β/β-TrCP ubiquitination pathway. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo results showed that curcumin induced cell apoptosis, and had anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumorigenesis effects as a result of activating the GSK-3β/β-TrCP ubiquitination pathway and subsequent decrease in Nrf2. Conclusions: Taken together, in the first stage, curcumin activated Nrf2, decreased ROS, and induced autophagy in normal cells to prevent As3+-induced cell transformation. In the second stage, curcumin promoted ROS and apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis via inhibition of constitutive expression of Nrf2 in AsT to prevent tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that antioxidant natural compounds such as curcumin can be evaluated as potential candidates for complementary therapies in the treatment of As3+-induced carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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154. A Neuropeptide Y/F-like Polypeptide Derived from the Transcriptome of Turbinaria peltataSuppresses LPS-Induced Astrocytic Inflammation

Author

Chen, Qian, Liang, Zirong, Yue, Qian, Wang, Xiufen, Siu, Shirley Weng In, Pui-Man Hoi, Maggie, and Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen

Abstract

Neuropeptides are a group of neuronal signaling molecules that regulate physiological and behavioral processes in animals. Here, we used in silicomining to predict the polypeptide composition of available transcriptomic data of Turbinaria peltata. In total, 118 transcripts encoding putative peptide precursors were discovered. One neuropeptide Y/F-like peptide, named TpNPY, was identified and selected for in silicostructural, in silicobinding, and pharmacological studies. In our study, the anti-inflammation effect of TpNPY was evaluated using an LPS-stimulated C8-D1A astrocyte cell model. Our results demonstrated that TpNPY, at 0.75–3 μM, inhibited LPS-induced NO production and reduced the expression of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TpNPY reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, treatment with TpNPY reduced LPS-mediated elevation of ROS production and the intracellular calcium concentration. Further investigation revealed that TpNPY downregulated the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Through molecular docking and using an NPY receptor antagonist, TpNPY was shown to have the ability to interact with the NPY Y1 receptor. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that TpNPY might prevent LPS-induced injury in astrocytes through activation of the NPY-Y1R.

Published
2022
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155. Recent origin of an XX/XY sex-determination system in the ancient plant lineage Ginkgo biloba: Supplementary Materials

Author

Zhang, He, Zhang, Rui, Yang, Xianwei, Gu, Kai-Jie, Chen, Wenbin, Chang, Yue, Xu, Qiwu, Liu, Qun, Qin, Yating, Hong, Xiaoning, Yin, Ping-Ping, Seim, Inge, Lin, Han-Yang, Li, Wen-Hao, Tian, Jinfu, Li, Shanshan, Liu, Longqi, Liu, Junnian, Liu, Shanshan, Su, Xiaoshan, Wang, Congyan, Zhang, Fu-Ming, Ge, Song, Fu, Cheng-Xin, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Xia, Yiji, Wang, Jian, Yang, Huanming, Fan, Guangyi, Xu, Xun, Zhao, Yun-Peng, and Liu, Xin

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism like dioecy (separate male and female individuals) have evolved in diverse multicellular eukaryotes while the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of such a key biological trait remains elusive (1). The living fossil Ginkgo biloba represents an early diverged lineage of land plants with dioecy. However, its sex-determination system and molecular basis have long been controversial or unknown. In the present research, we assembled the first and largest to date chromosome-level genome of a non-model tree species using Hi-C data. With this reference genome, we addressed both questions using genome resequencing data gathered from 97 male and 265 female trees of ginkgo, as well as transcriptome data from three developmental stages for both sexes. Our results support vertebrate-like XY chromosomes for ginkgo and five potential sex-determination genes, which may originate ~14 million years ago. This is the earliest diverged sex determination region in all reported plants as yet. The present research resolved a long-term controversy, lay a foundation for future studies on the origin and evolution of plant sexes, and provide genetic markers for sex identification of ginkgo which will be valuable for both nurseries and field ecology of ginkgo.

Published
2019
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156. Biochemistry and Herbs

Author

Lee, Simon Ming Yuen, primary, Lau, Kit Man, additional, Koon, Johnny Chi Man, additional, Chan, Judy Yuet Wa, additional, and Fung, Kwok Pui, additional

Published
2003
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158. Efficacy and Safety of Tongxinluo Capsule as Adjunctive Treatment for Unstable Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author

Li, Pengqi, Xin, Qiqi, Hui, Jiaqi, Yuan, Rong, Wang, Ya, Miao, Yu, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Leng, Sean X., and Cong, Weihong

Subjects
ANGINA pectoris, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, SYMPTOMS, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, DRUGS, DRUG-eluting stents, MYOCARDIAL infarction
Abstract

Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) is a commonly used Chinese medicine for unstable angina pectoris (UA). This article aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of TXLC as an adjunctive treatment for UA. Two reviewers searched 7 databases from inception to August 2021, and performed literature screening and information extraction independently. The meta-analysis was implemented after evaluating the methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for testing the stability of the results, and the Begg and Egger tests were performed for any potential publication bias. After eligibility assessment, 42 RCTs with a total of 5,421 participants were included. Evidence showed that TXLC reduced the rate of cardiovascular events [RR = 0.29, 95% CI (0.19, 0.45), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%] {including cardiovascular mortality [RR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03, 0.88), p = 0.03, I 2 = 20%], the incidence of acute myocardial infarction [RR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.13, 0.57), p = 0.0006, I 2 = 0%] and the occurrence of revascularization [RR = 0.28, 95% CI (0.15,0.54), p = 0.0001, I 2 = 0%]}, all-cause mortality [RR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.06, 0.99), p = 0.05, I 2 = 19%], recurrence of angina [RR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.11, 0.61), p = 0.002, I 2 = 0%], the number of ST-segment depression [MD = −0.45, 95% CI (−0.69, −0.20), p = 0.0005, I 2 = 0%], the summation of ST-segment depression [MD = −0.70, 95% CI (−1.08, −0.32), p = 0.0003, I 2 = 70%] and the hypersensitive C-reactive protein level [MD = −2.86, 95% CI (−3.73, −1.99), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 86%], increased the nitric oxide level [MD = 11.67, 95% CI (8.33, 15.02), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 33%], improved the electrocardiogram change [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.16, 1.30), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%] and the clinical efficacy in UA [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.21, 1.32), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 24%], and relieved the symptoms of angina pectoris {including chest pain or tightness [RR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.97, 1.32), p = 0.12, I 2 = 30%], palpitations [RR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.18, 1.84), p = 0.0007, I 2 = 0%], shortness of breath [RR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.24, 1.88), p < 0.0001, I 2 = 0%], and asthenia [RR = 1.69, 95% CI (0.83, 3.43), p = 0.15, I 2 = 90%]}. The most common adverse effect was gastrointestinal symptoms which could be relieved and eliminated through dose reduction, medication time adjustment and symptomatic remedy. Collectively, TXLC was effective and considerably safe for UA. However, due to the unavoidable risk of bias, these results must be interpreted with caution and further verified by large-scale and high-quality RCTs. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021232771. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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160. Natural alkaloid harmine promotes degradation of alpha-synuclein via PKA-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome system activation

Author

Cai, Cui-Zan, primary, Zhou, He-Feng, additional, Yuan, Ning-Ning, additional, Wu, Ming-Yue, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Ren, Jiao-Yan, additional, Su, Huan-Xing, additional, Lu, Jin-Jian, additional, Chen, Xiu-Ping, additional, Li, Min, additional, Tan, Jie-Qiong, additional, and Lu, Jia-Hong, additional

Published
2019
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161. Hepatoprotective Effect of Jianpi Huoxue Formula on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet in Rat

Author

Feng, Yu, primary, Chen, Yan, additional, Yang, Binrui, additional, Lan, Qingping, additional, Wang, Tao, additional, Cui, Guozhen, additional, Ren, Zhitao, additional, Choi, I. Cheong, additional, Leung, George Pak-Heng, additional, Yan, Fenggen, additional, Chen, Dacan, additional, Yu, Hon Ho, additional, and Lee, Simon Ming Yuen, additional

Published
2019
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164. New insights from Opisthorchis felineus genome: update on genomics of the epidemiologically important liver flukes

Author

Ershov, Nikita I., primary, Mordvinov, Viatcheslav A., additional, Prokhortchouk, Egor B., additional, Pakharukova, Mariya Y., additional, Gunbin, Konstantin V., additional, Ustyantsev, Kirill, additional, Genaev, Mikhail A., additional, Blinov, Alexander G., additional, Mazur, Alexander, additional, Boulygina, Eugenia, additional, Tsygankova, Svetlana, additional, Khrameeva, Ekaterina, additional, Chekanov, Nikolay, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Xiao, An, additional, Zhang, He, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Yang, Huanming, additional, Solovyev, Victor, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Afonnikov, Dmitry A., additional, and Skryabin, Konstantin G., additional

Published
2019
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166. Dynamic chromosome rearrangements of the white-spotted bamboo shark shed light on cartilaginous fish diversification mechanisms

Author

Zhang, Yaolei, primary, Gao, Haoyang, additional, Li, Hanbo, additional, Guo, Jiao, additional, Wang, Meiniang, additional, Xu, Qiwu, additional, Wang, Jiahao, additional, Lv, Meiqi, additional, Guo, Xinyu, additional, Liu, Qun, additional, Wei, Likun, additional, Ren, Han, additional, Xi, Yang, additional, Guo, Yang, additional, Zhao, Qian, additional, Pan, Shanshan, additional, Liu, Chuxin, additional, Sang, Liping, additional, Ding, Xiaoyan, additional, Wang, Chen, additional, Xiang, Haitao, additional, Song, Yue, additional, Liu, Yujie, additional, Liu, Shanshan, additional, Jiang, Yuan, additional, Shao, Changwei, additional, Shi, Jiahai, additional, Liu, Shiping, additional, Sabir, Jamal S. M., additional, Sabir, Mumdooh J., additional, Khan, Muhummadh, additional, Hajrah, Nahid H., additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Yang, Huanming, additional, Wang, Jian, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Yang, Naibo, additional, and Liu, Xin, additional

Published
2019
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170. A chromosome-level genome of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, provides insights into the evolution of live birth

Author

He, Yan, primary, Chang, Yue, additional, Bao, Lisui, additional, Yu, Mengjun, additional, Li, Rui, additional, Niu, Jingjing, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Song, Weihao, additional, Seim, Inge, additional, Qin, Yating, additional, Li, Xuemei, additional, Liu, Jinxiang, additional, Kong, Xiangfu, additional, Peng, Meiting, additional, Sun, Minmin, additional, Wang, Mengya, additional, Qu, Jiangbo, additional, Wang, Xuangang, additional, Liu, Xiaobing, additional, Wu, Xiaolong, additional, Zhao, Xi, additional, Wang, Xuliang, additional, Zhao, Yaolei, additional, Guo, Jiao, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Liu, Kaiqiang, additional, Wang, Yilin, additional, Zhang, He, additional, Liu, Longqi, additional, Wang, Mingyue, additional, Yu, Haiyang, additional, Wang, Xubo, additional, Cheng, Jie, additional, Wang, Zhigang, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Wang, Jian, additional, Yang, Huanming, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Zhang, Quanqi, additional, and Qi, Jie, additional

Published
2019
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172. Comparative Analyses of 35 Marine Mammal Genomes Provide Insights into the Evolution of Aquatic Life

Author

yuan, yuan, primary, Zhang, Yaolei, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Wang, Jiahao, additional, Gao, Haiyu, additional, Lv, Meiqi, additional, Lin, Mingli, additional, Dong, Lijun, additional, Gao, Haoyang, additional, Yang, Zixin, additional, Seim, Inge, additional, Caruso, Francesco, additional, Lin, Wenzhi, additional, Hoelzel, A. Rus, additional, da Fonseca, Rute R., additional, Wang, Ding, additional, Wang, Xianyan, additional, Rasmussen, Marianne H., additional, Liu, Mingming, additional, Zheng, Jinsong, additional, Zhao, Liyuan, additional, Campos, Paula F., additional, Kang, Hui, additional, Iversen, Maria, additional, Song, Yue, additional, Guo, Xinyu, additional, Guo, Jiao, additional, Qin, Yating, additional, Pan, Shanshan, additional, Xu, Qiwu, additional, Meng, Lingfeng, additional, A, Yunga, additional, Liu, Shanshan, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Yang, Huanming, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Wang, Kun, additional, and Li, Songhai, additional

Published
2019
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180. Sequencing of Panax notoginseng genome reveals genes involved in disease resistance and ginsenoside biosynthesis

Author

Fan, Guangyi, primary, Fu, Yuanyuan, additional, Yang, Binrui, additional, Liu, Minghua, additional, Zhang, He, additional, Liang, Xinming, additional, Shi, Chengcheng, additional, Ma, Kailong, additional, Wang, Jiahao, additional, Liu, Weiqing, additional, Shao, Libin, additional, Huang, Chen, additional, Guo, Min, additional, Cai, Jing, additional, Wong, Andrew KC, additional, Li, Cheuk-Wing, additional, Zhuang, Dennis, additional, Chen, Ke-Ji, additional, Cong, Wei-Hong, additional, Sun, Xiao, additional, Chen, Wenbin, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Tsui, Stephen Kwok-Wing, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, and Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional

Published
2018
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182. The genetic architecture of floral traits in the woody plant Prunus mume

Author

Zhang, Qixiang, primary, Zhang, He, additional, Sun, Lidan, additional, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Ye, Meixia, additional, Jiang, Libo, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Ma, Kaifeng, additional, Shi, Chengcheng, additional, Bao, Fei, additional, Guan, Rui, additional, Han, Yu, additional, Fu, Yuanyuan, additional, Pan, Huitang, additional, Chen, Zhaozhe, additional, Li, Liangwei, additional, Wang, Jia, additional, Lv, Meiqi, additional, Zheng, Tangchun, additional, Yuan, Cunquan, additional, Zhou, Yuzhen, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Yan, Xiaolan, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Wu, Rongling, additional, Chen, Wenbin, additional, and Cheng, Tangren, additional

Published
2018
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190. Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba

Author

Guan, Rui, Zhao, Yunpeng, Zhang, He, Fan, Guangyi, Liu, Xin, Zhou, Wenbin, Shi, Chengcheng, Wang, Jiahao, Liu, Weiqing, Liang, Xinming, Fu, Yuanyuan, Ma, Kailong, Zhao, Lijun, Zhang, Fumin, Lu, Zuhong, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Xu, Xun, Wang, Jian, Yang, Huanming, Fu, Chengxin, Ge, Song, and Chen, Wenbin

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Tandem gene duplication, Retroelements, Ginkgo genome, Health Informatics, Retrotransposon, Genomics, Genome, Gymnosperm evolution, Whole genome duplication, Evolution, Molecular, Evolution of LTR-RTs, 03 medical and health sciences, Contig Mapping, Genome Size, Gene family, Gene, Phylogeny, Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Plant defense mechanism, biology, Ginkgo, Research, Terminal Repeat Sequences, Ginkgo biloba, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Computer Science Applications, Ginkgoaceae, 030104 developmental biology, Genome, Plant
Abstract

Background Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most distinctive plants. It possesses a suite of fascinating characteristics including a large genome, outstanding resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and dioecious reproduction, making it an ideal model species for biological studies. However, the lack of a high-quality genome sequence has been an impediment to our understanding of its biology and evolution. Findings The 10.61 Gb genome sequence containing 41,840 annotated genes was assembled in the present study. Repetitive sequences account for 76.58% of the assembled sequence, and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are particularly prevalent. The diversity and abundance of LTR-RTs is due to their gradual accumulation and a remarkable amplification between 16 and 24 million years ago, and they contribute to the long introns and large genome. Whole genome duplication (WGD) may have occurred twice, with an ancient WGD consistent with that shown to occur in other seed plants, and a more recent event specific to ginkgo. Abundant gene clusters from tandem duplication were also evident, and enrichment of expanded gene families indicates a remarkable array of chemical and antibacterial defense pathways. Conclusions The ginkgo genome consists mainly of LTR-RTs resulting from ancient gradual accumulation and two WGD events. The multiple defense mechanisms underlying the characteristic resilience of ginkgo are fostered by a remarkable enrichment in ancient duplicated and ginkgo-specific gene clusters. The present study sheds light on sequencing large genomes, and opens an avenue for further genetic and evolutionary research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13742-016-0154-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016

191. Friedmanniella endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Kandelia candel

Author

Tuo, Li, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Chen, Li, Hu, Lin, Sun, Cheng-Hang, Li, Fei-Na, Pan, Zhen, Lou, Inchio, and Guo, Min

Abstract

A coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain 4Q3S-3T, was isolated from surface-sterilized bark of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel collected from Cotai Ecological Zones in Macao, China, and tested by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. This actinobacterium was Gram-stain-positive and aerobic. Neither substrate nor aerial mycelia were formed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Strain 4Q3S-3T grew optimally without NaCl at 28–30 C, pH 7.0–8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4Q3S-3T belonged to the genus Friedmanniella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella flava W6T (96.57 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 4Q3S-3T was 69.5 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, unidentified glycolipid, amino lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 4Q3S-3T represents a novel species of the genus Friedmanniella, for which the name Friedmanniella endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4Q3S-3T (=DSM 100723T=CGMCC 4.7307T). The genus Friedmanniella with Friedmanniella antarctica as the type strain was first proposed by Schumann et al. (1997). At the time of preparing this manuscript, the genus contains nine species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/friedmanniella.html#flava; Euzeby, 1997). These species were isolated from different habitats: F. antarctica was isolated from antarctic sandstone (Schumann et al., 1997), Friedmanniella capsulata and Friedmanniella spumicola were reported

Published
2016

192. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Author

Zhou, Xinhua, Cui, Guozhen, Tseng, Hisa Hui Ling, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, Leung, George Pak Heng, Chan, Shun Wan, Kwan, Yiu Wa, and Hoi, Maggie Pui Man

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease is likely to increase with the global aging population. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a wide spectrum term used to include a diverse heterogeneous group of cognitive syndromes with vascular factors regardless of the cause of pathogenesis. VCID ranges from mild cognitive impairment to full-blown dementia with vascular dementia (VaD) as the most severe stage. It is further complexed by the coexistence of other forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent researches in the functions of the neurovascular unit (NVU) suggest that dysfunction of the NVU might be the cause of primary vascular events in the brain that leads to further neurodegeneration. In this review, we have briefly summarized various forms of VCID. There is currently no standard therapy for VCID or dementia. Given the fact that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gained popularity worldwide, we also reviewed recent scientific and clinical findings on various antidementia TCM for the treatment of VCID, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Huperzia serrata, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and also TCM formula Sailuotong capsule (SLT) and Fufangdanshen tablets (FFDS).

Published
2016
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193. In VivoScreening of Xanthones from Garcinia oliganthaIdentified Oliganthin H as a Novel Natural Inhibitor of Convulsions

Author

Gong, Guiyi, Chen, Hanbin, Kam, Hiotong, Chan, Ging, Tang, Yue-xun, Wu, Man, Tan, Hongsheng, Tse, Yu-chung, Xu, Hong-xi, and Lee, Simon Ming-yuen

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and transient seizures, and affects more than 70 million people worldwide. Although two dozen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved and available in the market, seizures remain poorly controlled in one-third of epileptic patients who are suffering from drug resistance or various adverse effects. Recently, the xanthone skeleton has been regarded as an attractive scaffold for the discovery and development of emerging anticonvulsants. We had isolated several dihydroxanthone derivatives previously, including oliganthin H, oliganthin I, and oliganthin N, whose structures were similar and delicately elucidated by spectrum analysis or X-ray crystallographic data, from extracts of leaves of Garcinia oligantha. These xanthone analogues were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity, and a novel xanthone, oliganthin H, has been identified as a sound and effective natural inhibitor of convulsions in zebrafish in vivo. A preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis on the relationship between structures of the xanthone analogues and their activities was also conducted. Oliganthin H significantly suppressed convulsant behavior and reduced to about 25% and 50% of PTZ-induced activity, in 12.5 and 25 μM treatment groups (P< 0.01 and 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, it reduced seizure activity, velocity, seizure duration, and number of bursts in zebrafish larvae (P< 0.05). Pretreatment of oliganthin H significantly restored aberrant induction of gene expressions including npas4a, c-fos, pyya, and bdnf, as well as gabra1, gad1, glsa, and glula, upon PTZ treatment. In addition, in silicoanalysis revealed the stability of the oliganthin H–GABAA receptor complex and their detailed binding pattern. Therefore, direct interactions with the GABAA receptor and involvement of downstream GABA–glutamate pathways were possible mechanisms of the anticonvulsant action of oliganthin H. Our findings present the anticonvulsant activity of oliganthin H, provide a novel scaffold for further modifications, and highlight the xanthone skeleton as an attractive and reliable resource for the development of emerging AEDs.

Published
2020
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195. The high‐quality genome of Brassica napus cultivar ‘ZS11’ reveals the introgression history in semi‐winter morphotype

Author

Sun, Fengming, primary, Fan, Guangyi, additional, Hu, Qiong, additional, Zhou, Yongming, additional, Guan, Mei, additional, Tong, Chaobo, additional, Li, Jiana, additional, Du, Dezhi, additional, Qi, Cunkou, additional, Jiang, Liangcai, additional, Liu, Weiqing, additional, Huang, Shunmou, additional, Chen, Wenbin, additional, Yu, Jingyin, additional, Mei, Desheng, additional, Meng, Jinling, additional, Zeng, Peng, additional, Shi, Jiaqin, additional, Liu, Kede, additional, Wang, Xi, additional, Wang, Xinfa, additional, Long, Yan, additional, Liang, Xinming, additional, Hu, Zhiyong, additional, Huang, Guodong, additional, Dong, Caihua, additional, Zhang, He, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Zhang, Yaolei, additional, Li, Liangwei, additional, Shi, Chengcheng, additional, Wang, Jiahao, additional, Lee, Simon Ming‐Yuen, additional, Guan, Chunyun, additional, Xu, Xun, additional, Liu, Shengyi, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, Chalhoub, Boulos, additional, Hua, Wei, additional, and Wang, Hanzhong, additional

Published
2017
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197. Sichuan pepper attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis via antioxidant activity and up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in primary rat hepatocytes

Author

Zhang, Huan, primary, Zhou, Xuelin, additional, Wong, Marcus Ho-Yin, additional, Man, Ka-Yi, additional, Pin, Wing-Kwan, additional, Yeung, John Hok-Keung, additional, Kwan, Yiu-Wa, additional, Leung, George Pak-Heng, additional, Hoi, Pui-Man, additional, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional, Chan, Chi-On, additional, Mok, Daniel Kam-Wah, additional, Yu, Peter Hoi-Fu, additional, and Chan, Shun-Wan, additional

Published
2017
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200. Discovery of a ROCK inhibitor, FPND, which prevents cerebral hemorrhage through maintaining vascular integrity by interference with VE-cadherin

Author

Li, Shang, primary, Ai, Nana, additional, Shen, Mingyun, additional, Dang, Yuanye, additional, Chong, Cheong-Meng, additional, Pan, Peichen, additional, Kwan, Yiu Wa, additional, Chan, Shun Wan, additional, Leung, George Pak Heng, additional, Hoi, Maggie Pui Man, additional, Hou, Tingjun, additional, and Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen, additional

Published
2017
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