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Identification of all MATE family members in Populus and characterization of PtrMATE1 mediated citrate exudation from the roots of Populus in response to Al stress., Ionic aluminum (Al) in acidic soils, comprising approximately 50% of arable land globally, is highly toxic to most plant species. Populus grow naturally in acidic soils and tolerate high concentrations of Al. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family genes in plants are involved in responses to Al tolerance. To date, however, the functional roles of the MATE genes in Populus remain unclear. In the present study, 71 putative MATE transporters were predicted in the genome of Populus trichocarpa. The chromosome distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and expression level analysis revealed that four candidate MATE genes belonging to subgroup IIIc might contribute to high Al tolerance in poplar. Further, the expression levels of two subgroup IIIc members, PtrMATE1 and PtrMATE2, were induced by Al stress. Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that PtrMATE1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of PtrMATE1 increased Al-induced secretion of citrate from the root apex of transgenic plants. Al-induced inhibition of root growths were alleviated in both PtrMATE1 overexpression lines in Populus and in Arabidopsis compared with wild-type plants. In addition, PtrMATE1 expression was induced at 12 h after exposure to Al stress whereas PtrMATE2 expression was induced at 24 h, indicating that these proteins coordinately function in response to Al stress in poplar. Taken together, these results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in Al tolerance in poplar.

Globally, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is commonly infected by plant viruses. It is grown at gardens, roadsides, and public areas as ornamental plants in northern China. Some leaves present disease symptoms that are similar to those of virus infection. However, to our knowledge, no records are available from China regarding white clover (Trifolium repens L.) virus co-infection. To determine the viral species that infect white clover in China, plant samples with virus disease symptoms were collected and virion morphology and ultrastructure morphology of co-infected plants were observed by electron microscopy; viruses were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Virus co-infection was studied by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) after rub-inoculation of virus-free white clover planted in a growth chamber (25°C) with a photoperiod of 16 h, using single or several purified virions. Results showed that there were six types of symptoms, including those of shrinking mosaic, shrinking and macular mosaic, severe mottle mosaic, yellow macular mosaic, shrinkage chlorisis, and ring plaque and ring stria. The incidence rates for each symptom were 20.93, 1.48, 16.85, 59.07, 1.30, and 0.37%, respectively, based on the field investigation. Two types of viral pathogens were identified as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and White clover mosaic virus (WCMV). In mesophyll cells, virus particles with bacilliform virions formed aggregates and linear virions were bundle shaped. The detection rate of AMV was 100% in white clover samples by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR detection, whereas that of WCMV was 83.33%. The co-infection rate was 83.33%. The relative contents of AMV and WCMV were significantly increased by 5.897- and 3.515-fold upon co-infection, when compared to that with single virus infection. We observed larger starch particles and fewer or collapsed chloroplast grana in co-infected plants; in addition, vacuoles were twisted and smaller, compared to those of healthy plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of co-infection by AMV and WCMV in white clover, which has caused severe mosaicism and ultrastructure lesions in co-infected plants in China.

Effects of parameters including temperature, time and coal ratio on the reduction behaviour of preheated iron-bearing converter sludge pellets in a simulated rotary kiln are studied through orthogonal tests. ANOVA analyses show that reduction time and temperature have remarkable influence on the metallisation degree, occupying 55.02 and 30.08% of the total contribution, while temperature is the most significant factor affecting the compressive strength, with 90.98% contribution. The metallisation degree increases with the increasing time from 1.5 to 2.5 h, and first increases and then decreases with the increasing temperature from 1000 to 1100°C. The compressive strength increases with the increasing temperature. Under the optimal condition of temperature 1050°C, time 2.5 h, coal ratio 1.3, the metallisation degree is 72.92%, and the compressive strength is 1310 N/p, which satisfies the requirement of iron burden for blast furnace.

The real-time computing method of big data index based on stream processing is composed of logs collection, message management, coordination management, real-time processing, and other parts. This paper presents the discussion of the technical framework, implementation method and path of the real-time computing method of big data index based on Storm, and provides the algorithm verification process and result analysis.

This project is to investigate lignans from the seed of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica. Thirteen lignans were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the seed of H. anthelminthica, by polyamide resin, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as(+)-syringaresinol(1), lirioresinol A(2),(+)-medioresinol(3),(7R,8R,8'R)-4'-guaiacylglyceryl-evofolin B(4), leptolepisol C(5),(-)-(7R,7'R,7″R,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',4″-dihydroxy-3,3',3″,5,5',5″-hexamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol(6),(-)-(7R,7'R,7″R,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',4″-dihydroxy-3,3',3″,5,5'-pentamethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'ses-quineolignan-7″,9″-diol(7), ceplignan(8), hydnocarpusol(9), isohydnocarpin(10),(-)-hydnocarpin(11), hydnocarpin(12), and hydnocarpin-D(13) by spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 1-8 were obtained from the genus Hydnocarpus for the first time.

Background Cardiovascular complications, especially myocardial infarctions (MIs), are the leading mortality cause in diabetic patients. The transplantation of stem cells into damaged hearts has had considerable success as a treatment for MI, although whether antidiabetic drugs affect the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation is still unknown. This study aims to understand whether and how metformin, one of the first-line drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), induces mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) apoptosis and dampens their cardioprotective effect after transplantation into infarcted hearts. Methods A mouse MI model was generated via permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. MSCs with or without metformin treatment were transplanted after MI in diabetic mice. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function and determine cardiac remodeling, and TTC staining was performed to evaluate infarction size. A mouse gavage model was performed to evaluate bone marrow MSCs for flow cytometry assay. Results Metformin dampened MSC therapeutic efficacy, which increased infarct size and restricted functional cardiac recovery. Specifically, metformin induced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated apoptosis through the inhibition of S6K1-Bad-Bcl-xL cell survival signaling, resulting in the upregulated expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and increased MSC apoptosis. Accordingly, counteracting AMPK attenuated metformin-induced apoptosis in MSCs and partially restored their cardioprotective effects in diabetic mice with MI. Furthermore, a decrease in peripheral blood MSCs was found in patients with T2DM who had a metformin medication history. Conclusions Our results highlight an unexpected adverse effect of metformin-induced MSC apoptosis through AMPK-mediated mTOR suppression, which is attenuated by an AMPK inhibitor. Moreover, AMPK inhibition may be a novel strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of stem cell therapy after MI in diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1057-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A valence-state heterojunction Mn3O4/γ-MnOOH was synthesized for norfloxacin (NOR) degradation under concurrent visible light and magnetic field. The charge carriers could transfer between the valence state components facilely, inhibiting recombination of photo-induced electron-holes significantly. Efficient NOR degradation by Mn3O4/γ-MnOOH was realized at 98.8% (rate constant of 0.0720 min−1) within 60 min under magnetic field assisted visible light. In neutral media, the positively charged NOR and negatively charged Mn3O4/γ-MnOOH would arrange in an oriented manner in the presence of magnetic field, providing more active sites for NOR during photocatalysis. Moreover, the opposite Lorentz forces contributed to the attractive interactions between NOR and Mn3O4/γ-MnOOH, accelerating NOR degradation with lower active energy. Quenching experiment showed that ∙O2− and h+ played dominant roles in NOR degradation. Attractively, this study shed new lights on an innovative strategy of magnetic field assisted photocatalysis for refractory contaminants remediation from water.

Hulless Cucurbita pepo is an annual herb in the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the main economic vegetable crops in China, and is a raw material for cosmetics and health care products. It is also called hulless pumpkin because its seeds have no seed coat, which is a rare variation of the Cucurbita. In July 2010, powdery mildew was observed on hulless Cucurbita pepo 'Tianran' in fields of Wuwei District, China(Liang et al.2010). Disease incidence when first observed was 65.67%, but increased to 100% in July 2019. Early disease symptoms appeared as circular or irregular white powdery areas on both leaf surfaces. At later infection stages, entire leaves，petioles, and stems were covered with white fungal mycelia that resulted in leaf yellowing and senescence，but not defoliation . Fungal hyphae were septate, branched and flexuous to straigh. Conidiophores were unbranched, straight and grew vertically to the mycelium. Conidiophore foot cells of the were cylindrical with slight constriction at basal septa and followed by one to four short cells that eventually became conidia. Conidia were barrel-shaped with ends darker than the middle and measured 20 to 32 × 12 to 19μm.T Cleistothecium formed at 20 ℃, 70% relative humidity and light intensity of 4,400 lx. They were scattered, spherical, dark brown, with parietal cells irregularly rectangular or polygonal, and 70 to 75×90 to 95μm in diameter. Cleistothecia had four to eight appendages that were colorless to partially brown, each with three to five septa and lengths 0.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of cleistothecia. The powdery mildew fungus was tentatively identified as Podosphaera xanthii and showed characteristics similar to those reported by others (Cui et al. 2018; Choi et al. 2020). rDNA was extracted from pools of fungus conidia and the ITS region amplified using primers ITS 1:5'-TCCGTAGGT GAACCTGCGG-3'/ITS 4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3' and then sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the 540-bp (MT250855) amplicon revealed 100% sequence identity with respective rDNA sequences of Podosphaera xanthii isolates from Momordica charantia(AB774158.1). Based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequences, the fungal species was identified as P. xanthii .Pathogenicity of the powdery mildew fungus was tested by dusting conidia from infected hulless pumpkin leaves onto three asymptomatic plants. Three noninoculated plants was used as a controls. The Infection process of P.xanthii on pumpkins observed that the conidia began to germinate at 12h after inoculation.Twenty four to 72 h post inoculation, powdery mildew mycelia appeared on inoculated leaves. After 73 to 96 h, chains of conidia formed and these germinated to form secondary infection sites. In later stages of the disease cycle, dark brown cleistothecia formed on the yellowing plant foliage. Fungus morphology from inoculated leaves was identical to that observed on original naturally infected plants. Uninoculated plants remained healthy. Powdery mildew caused by P. xanthii is a major foliage disease that affects members of the Cucurbitaceae family worldwide. The fungus has previously been reported from China on Cucurbita moschata (DQ490752), Cucurbita maxima (DQ490759), Cucurbita pepo(DQ490750), Cucumis sativus(DQ490755)(Park et al.2010; Liang et al.2007) and Cucurbita maxima, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Sechium edule (mirliton, vegetable pear), and Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) (Choi et al. 2020; Fan et al. 2019; Xu et al. 2020; Cui et al. 2018).To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of P. xanthii on hulless Cucurbita pepo in China.

Water pollution still poses significant threats to the ecosystem and human health today. The adsorption, advanced oxidation and membranes filtration have been extensively investigated and utilized for aquatic contaminants remediation, and their efficiency is closely correlated with the advanced materials design and fabrication (e.g. adsorbents, catalysts and membranes). Thanks to uniform deposition, three-dimensional conformity and process controllability, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as a promising strategy for fabrication of these multifunctional materials, arising their successful application in aquatic contaminants remediation. Therefore, a timely review on ALD-based water treatment materials is highly important to summarize the current opportunity and elucidate unaddressed problems in this field. Herein, in this review, the advantages of ALD process, the superiority of ALD-based materials and the corresponding decontamination performance were analyzed comprehensively, highlighting key advantages offered by this technology.

We have successfully synthesized CuS nano-material by a mild and simple method and characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and UV–Vis, confirmed that the obtained CuS was a granular, pure hexagonal phase. The possible formation process of CuS was deduced and the optical properties was also studied by using MB as target degradant, showed that the degradation rates reached 97.88% and CuS has efficient photocatalytic activity. The catalyst dosage, cyclic stability of catalysts, the effects of H2O2 and the photocatalytic mechanism were discussed.

Two platinum(II) complexes, [PtCl(Q)(DMSO)] (1) and [PtCl(IQ)(DMSO)] (2), bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline (H-Q) and 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (H-IQ) as the bioactive ligand, respectively, were synthesized and structurally characterized. By MTT assay, complex 2 bearing the IQ ligand showed significantly higher growth inhibition than complex 1 against all the five typical tumor cell lines in the test, but showed no more cytotoxicity against the normal liver cell line HL-7702, suggesting the much better cytotoxic selectivity of 2 than that of 1. In addition, the HepG2 cell line was found to be the most sensitive towards both complexes. Aiming at the HepG2 cell line, both complexes arrested the cell cycle of HepG2 cells in the S phase, as examined by flow cytometry, in which complex 2 showed higher S-phase arrest than 1. This was supported by the down-regulation of cdc25 A, cyclin B, cyclin A, and CDK2 and the up-regulation of p53, p27 and p21 based on western blot assay. Complex 2 also acted as a more effective telomerase inhibitor than 1 by interacting with telomeric/c-myc G-quadruplexes and triggering cell senescence and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, both complexes caused mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a potential mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic pathway induced by each complex. From the platinum uptake assay, complex 2 exhibited obvious priority on the cell uptake effect than 1, which should be undoubtedly correlated with the key roles of the 5- and 7-iodo-substituted groups in the IQ ligand of 2. This may well explain the better cytotoxicity and the more significant antitumor mechanism of 2 throughout the study. This work further demonstrated that rational halogen substitution on selected ligands would be greatly beneficial to achieve more promising metal-based antitumor agents.

Interfacial effect played a critical role in catalytic reactions for environmental remediation. An innovative Mn3O4@ZnO/TiO2 heterojunction with multi-interface structure was precisely-designed for the first time through alternate growth of ZnO and TiO2 nanolayers on Mn3O4 surface by atomic layer deposition. Further, the catalytic property of Mn3O4@ZnO/TiO2 was evaluated through denitrification from water under ultrasonic-assisted visible light photocatalysis, which achieved 98.6% NO3−-N reduction and 98.8% N2 selectivity within 120 min. Besides, the Mn3O4@ZnO/TiO2 exhibited stability and recyclability during the denitrification process. Mechanism insight revealed significant contributions of the novel multi-interface type II heterojunction. More charge transfer routes and possible reaction interfaces were provided for selective denitrification. Equally important, the synergy between visible light and ultrasound promoted the generation of active radicals. The radical trapping experiment proved the dominate role of e− and CO 2 ∙ - in the denitrification process. Overall, the Mn3O4@ZnO/TiO2 appeared to be a promising candidate to remediate aquatic contaminants in ultrasonic-assisted photocatalytic system. Also, this study highlighted an attractive approach for controllable fabrication of multi-interface heterojunctions.

In this paper, hyperspectral imaging and spectral matching classification technology are used to identify poppy and distinguish it from other leaves in the surrounding environment, which solves the problem of identification of poppy plantation. In this application, spectral classification chooses waveform and spectral absorption index as classification features, takes the size of the spectral angle between pixels as a similarity measure to make classification judgment, takes minimum error criterion as a classification criterion, and uses spectral angle matching method as classification algorithm to carry out spectral matching classification. Experiments show that this spectral matching classification technology has strong classification ability and good effect, and can be applied to detect illicit poppy cultivation.

A general method for efficient and selective extraction of a target compound from complex natural products remains elusive, despite decades of research. By introducing a functional amido group on the surface of dispersity-enhanced magnetic nanoparticles, a nanoparticle receptor to selectively recognize Sibiskoside (a monoterpene) from the aerial portion of Sibiraea angustata by hydrogen bond interaction was synthesized. The superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successively modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), amino and amido functional groups, and 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBZA) was used as the functional monomer. A thin layer of poly (VBZA) imprinted with Sibiskoside was immobilized on the surface of magnetic carriers. Attributing to the amido group introduced into the magnetic particles, the template could attract and bind to the surface and promote the formation of a hydrogen bond system between the carrier, template molecules and functional monomer. High-density molecular recognition sites grew on the surface of magnetic substrate. The adsorption reached equilibrium at approximately 150 min, while fast adsorption occurred during the first 60 min. The maximum adsorption capacity has been found to be 13.75 mg g−1 according to calculation with the Langmuir isotherm. The selectivity coefficients of Molecular imprinting polypers (MIPs) for Sibiskoside with respect to Andrographolide, Loganin, Gastrodin, geraniol-1-O-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-1-β- d -glucopyranoside] (GRG), Sibiscolacton and Sibiraic acid were 2.26, 1.43, 1.701.56, 1.05, 0.73 and, respectively. The results indicated that the MIPs possessed good specific adsorption capacity and selectivity toward Sibiskoside and had the potential to be a candidate for the separation and purification of monoterpenes from Sibiraea angustata, which is of great significance to obesity management.

Chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB) is a critical clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate in China. The prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) which is simple, low-cost, and useful inflammatory marker for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients is largely overlooked and without further exploration. This study assesses the association of NLR with prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and CSHB patients. Two hundred and eighty subjects, including 79 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 67 with chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB), and 134 healthy individuals were retrospectively recruited into this study. Blood samples were collected to conduct liver function, prothrombin time activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), HBV DNA measurement, and routine hematological testing. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months. NLR values in patients with CSHB (4.984 ± 3.608) and CHB (2.020 ± 1.182) were significantly higher than those in healthy control (1.638 ± 0.601) and patients with CSHB had the highest NLR values than CHB and healthy control. Increased NLR values were clinically associated with severe liver disease and higher mortality rate. NLR was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox Regression models (HR = 3.912, 95%CI: 1.587-9.640, P = 0.003). NLR values are significantly increased in CHB and CSHB patients with the severity of liver disease. Moreover, NLR value is an independent predicting factor for the mortality rate in HBV-infected patients.

Molecular imprinting technology is widely used in the separation and analysis of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols, due to its high selectivity and specific recognition and so on. However, no much of attention has been paid to the terpenoids. This paper is aimed to not only review the effects of common synthetic elements such as functional monomers, cross-linking agents and porogens on the polymer properties, but also highlight the application of terpene molecular imprinting in solid phase extraction, sensor, membrane separation and chromatographic separation by means of statistical analysis of literature. Furthermore, the shortcomings and improvement directions are discussed.We believed that this paper could provide references for better applications of molecular imprinting techniques to the analysis of terpenoid compounds.

The scorpion peptide BmK AngM1 was reported to exhibit evident analgesic effect, but its yield by extraction from scorpion venom limits the research and application. The heterologous expression of BmK AngM1 was achieved in Pichia pastoris in our previous study. In order to realize high-level expression of recombinant BmK AngM1 (rBmK AngM1), the gene dosage of BmK AngM1 was optimized in engineered strains. The yield of rBmK AngM1 in the four-copy strain reached up to 100 mg/L, which was further enhanced to 190 mg/L by co-expressing with chaperones of PDI, BiP, and HAC1. Moreover, the yield of rBmK AngM1 was up to 1200 mg/L by high-density fermentation in 10 L fermenter. Finally, 360 mg rBmK AngM1 was purified from 1 L cultures by a two-step purification method. The efficient and convenient techniques presented in this study could facilitate further scale-up for industrial production of rBmK AngM1.

BEL-7402, HT-29, SPC-A1, U-251 bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of the three active constituents from a wild fungi, Boletus edulis Bull. Ex Fr., which collected from Changbai Montain area. These three compounds’ chemical structures were elucidated on the base of spectroscopic data and comparison with known compounds as 5-cholestene-2,3-oxide (1), β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3). All of the three compounds were extracted from Boletus edulis for the first time, and compound 1 was significantly cytotoxic against the four human cancer cell lines (BEL-7402, HT-29, SPC-A1 and U-251) with IC50 values 6.29, 6.98, 4.79 and 7.54 μM, respectively. Results of the study could supply referencs to the people to find the new drug from the fungus.

With the popularization of computer technology and application and popularization, the network technology has been widely used, the resulting network security issues are also increasingly prominent, to the network itself and the information system based on network constitutes the great potential safety hazard. This paper expounds the concept of intrusion detection and data mining, the commonly used invasion detection technology and models, and analyzes the application of data mining technology in intrusion detection system, to provide reference for the optimization and perfection of the network intrusion detection system and using for reference.

For achieving sufficient flame retardancy, high magnesim hydroxide (MH) content is needed in MH flame retardant Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) composite (ABS/MH), which will cause difficulty in processing and poor mechanical property. We prepared modified flame retardant MH, fumed silica (SiO2) and zinc borate (ZB) via TX-10 phosphate/polyacrylate latex as well as MH flame retardant ABS with the modified flame retardant of 60.0wt% and studied the synergistic flame retardant effect of SiO2 and ZB with MH in ABS/MH. The incorporation of ZB, SiO2 or SiO2/ZB could prolong the time to ignition, reduce the average and peak heat release rate of ABS/MH in cone calorimeter test.

Transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two important classes of trans-regulators in differential gene expression. Transcription factors occupy cis-regulatory motifs in DNA to activate or repress gene transcription, whereas miRNAs specifically pair with seed sites in target mRNAs to trigger mRNA decay or inhibit translation. Dynamic spatiotemporal expression patterns of transcription factors and miRNAs during development point to their stage- and tissue-specific functions. Recent studies have focused on miRNA functions during development; however, much remains to explore regarding how the expression of miRNAs is initiated and how dynamic miRNA expression patterns are achieved by transcriptional regulatory networks at different developmental stages. Here, we focused on the identification, regulation and function of miRNAs during the earliest stage of Drosophila development, when the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) takes place. Eleven miRNA clusters comprise the first set of miRNAs activated in the blastoderm embryo. The transcriptional activator Zelda is required for their proper activation and regulation, and Zelda binding observed in genome-wide binding profiles is predictive of enhancer activity. In addition, other blastoderm transcription factors, comprising both activators and repressors, the activities of which are potentiated and coordinated by Zelda, contribute to the accurate temporal and spatial expression of these miRNAs, which are known to function in diverse developmental processes. Although previous genetic studies showed no early phenotypes upon loss of individual miRNAs, our analysis of the miR-1; miR-9a double mutant revealed defects in gastrulation, demonstrating the importance of co-activation of miRNAs by Zelda during the MZT.

The acceleration and force sensors are taken as the measurement parameter,vibration power flow analysis is conducted to the data collected using MATLAB software,the results show that validity of engine suspension vibration is intuitively judged using the power flow,it is a evaluation index,moreover,it is not only convenient measurement,but also the influence of phase difference between the measured parameters to vibration isolation effect is not needed consider.

// Yan-Rong Liu 1, * , Lan Liang 3, * , Jian Min Zhao 4, * , Yang Zhang 5, * , Min Zhang 1, 2 , Wei-Long Zhong 1, 2 , Qiang Zhang 1, 2 , Jun-Jie Wei 1, 2 , Meng Li 1, 2 , Jie Yuan 1, 2 , Shuang Chen 1 , Shu-Min Zong 1, 2 , Hui-Juan Liu 1 , Jing Meng 1, 2 , Yuan Qin 1, 2 , Bo Sun 1 , Lan Yang 1 , Hong-Gang Zhou 1, 2 , Tao Sun 1, 2 and Cheng Yang 1, 2 1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 3 Tianjin GoalGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China 4 Pathology Department, Shun Yi District Hospital, Beijing, China 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 4th Center Hospital, Tianjin, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Cheng Yang, email: cheng.yang@nankai.edu.cn Tao Sun, email: sunrockmia@hotmail.com Keywords: Twist1, multidrug resistance, colon cancer, ABCB1, ABCC1 Received: December 29, 2016 Accepted: March 30, 2017 Published: May 02, 2017 ABSTRACT Multidrug resistance is a major problem in colon cancer treatment. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in anticancer drug resistance has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated whether vincristine treatment induces EMT and promotes multidrug resistance in colon cancer. The result showed that vincristine treatment increases the expression of several ATP-binding cassette transporters in invasive human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT-8). Vincristine-resistant HCT-8 cells (HCT-8/V) acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, and thus its migratory and invasive ability are increased both in vitro and in vivo . The master transcriptional factors of EMT, especially Twist1, were significantly increased in the HCT-8/V cell line. Moreover, the ectopic expression of Twist1 increased the chemoresistance of HCT-8 cells to vincristine and increased the expression levels and promoter activities of ABCB1 and ABCC1. Furthermore, Twist1 silencing reverses the EMT phenotype, enhances the chemosensitivity of HCT-8/ V cells to anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo , and downregulates the expression of ABCB1 and ABCC1. Twist1-mediated promotion of ABCB1 and ABCC1 expression levels plays an important role in the drug resistance of colon cancer cells.

We investigate the structural phase transitions and electronic properties of GaAs nanowires under high pressure by using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and infrared reflectance spectroscopy methods up to 26.2 GPa at room temperature. The zinc-blende to orthorhombic phase transition was observed at around 20.0 GPa. In the same pressure range, pressure-induced metallization of GaAs nanowires was confirmed by infrared reflectance spectra. The metallization originates from the zinc-blende to orthorhombic phase transition. Decompression results demonstrated that the phase transition from zinc-blende to orthorhombic and the pressure-induced metallization are reversible. Compared to bulk materials, GaAs nanowires show larger bulk modulus and enhanced transition pressure due to the size effects and high surface energy.

The damping effect of 485 diesel engine is taken as research object, on the same conditions, bench test is conducted respectively to self-developed MR fluid damper and traditional rubber damper, comparative analysis of domain and spectrum are conducted to collected test data using MATLAB, the results show that damping effect of MR fluid damper to engine is significantly superior to effect of traditional rubber damper.

Blast furnace tapping is one of the most important aspects of BF iron-making, a process during which the ideal state is for the molten iron to remain the invariant and the level of liquid to remain stable. However, due to the viscosity of molten iron, the liquid level will tilt to one side near the tap-hole, causing the iron flow field during blast furnace tapping to change with time. This research simulated two cases of horizontal and inclined molten iron liquid levels in the process of blast furnace tapping. This study also discusses different hearth erosion situations and explains the rationality of blast furnace large-scale trends from the perspective of molten iron liquid level stability.

The nonlinear and hysteresis characteristics showed by magneto-rheological (MR) mount make it seem very difficult to establish a precise mathematical model. Based on the testing of MR mount dynamics, RBF neural network model can train and forecast the collected data. Analysis of comparing the predicting result of the RBF neural network model with the testing result shows that the trained RBF neural network model can exactly predict the dynamics of MR mount, and it provides some new ideas to implement the better intelligent control of the engine MR mount.

The Stroop task was used to investigate the role of phonological processing in semantic access for written Chinese language. Fourteen children were recruited to perform the Stroop task, using color characters, their homophones and neutral characters as stimuli. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure the brain activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the task. In view of better sensitivity, oxy-hemoglobin was chosen to indicate the task activation. In behavioral performance, there was a significant classical Stroop interference effect as indexed by longer response time and higher error rate for the color task than the neutral task, whereas there was no evident interference effect for the color homophones. The NIRS data agreed with the behavioral data, and showed a significant Stroop effect only for the color characters in the bilateral PFC. These results suggested that phonology may not play an important role in semantic activation of Chinese characters for children.