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Introduction: Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment used in various inflammatory diseases, is one of the drugs that has been related to the appearance of psychotic symptoms as a side effect. Objectives: Point out the importance of knowing the possible psychiatric symptoms that some drugs can cause as a side effect. Methods: Description of a clinical case and bibliography review. Results: We present the case of a 71-year-old woman, with no previous mental health history, who is referred by her primary care physician due to the presence of auditory hallucinations and selfreferential ideas. As a somatic history, the patient presented Rheumatoid Arthritis under control by rheumatology and acoustic neuroma, under control by neurosurgery. Treatment with Risperidone was started, up to 2 mg, which helped control her symptoms. After an exhaustive study of her situation, the possibility that her symptoms were a side effect of her usual treatment was raised. It was evidenced that the patient had taken a higher dose of Indomethacin than prescribed by the rheumatologist, reason why its daily intake was suspended, and subsequently an improvement and even suppression of symptoms was seen. Later, due to a misunderstanding, the drug was reintroduced, and symptoms appeared again. Conclusions: The appearance of psychotic symptoms has been related to the intake of various drugs, including Indomethacin. It is essential to carry out a differential diagnosis if psychotic symptoms appear in the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reports the densities in wide temperature (from 283.15 to 338.15 K) and pressure (from 0.1 to 65.0 MPa) ranges of four members of the thiophene family (thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, 3-methylthiophene and 2,5-dimethylthiophene). These densities have been satisfactorily correlated by means of the TRIDEN equation. From these data, several derived properties as isobaric expansibility, isothermal compressibility, and internal pressure have been estimated. Using all these properties, interesting information about molecular organization can be deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé But de l’étude Les patients âgés atteints de fibrillation atriale (FA) ont un risque embolique élevé mais ils sont moins souvent anticoagulés. Nous voulions évaluer nos pratiques dans un service de gériatrie spécialisé. Patients et méthode Étude observationnelle descriptive incluant tous les patients de plus de 75 ans avec une FA hospitalisés pendant une période de 3 mois dans un service de cardiogériatrie. Leur risque embolique (score CHADS2), risque hémorragique (score HAS-BLED), traitement antithrombotique à l’arrivée et toute modification postérieure, ont été recueillis. Résultat Trente-quatre patients ont été inclus (âge moyen : 85 ans). La FA était déjà connue chez 28 patients, dont 20 suivaient à l’arrivée une anticoagulation efficace (10 fluindione, 9 warfarine, 1 dabigatran), 4 un traitement par aspirine et 4 aucun traitement antithrombotique. Seul le traitement d’un de ces patients a été modifié, en remplaçant l’aspirine par warfarine. La FA a été une découverte à l’occasion de leur hospitalisation chez 6 patients, dont 4 ont été mis sous anticoagulation (3 warfarine, 1 fluindione). Au total, 9 patients (26 %) sont sortis de l’hôpital sans une anticoagulation. Les raisons invoquées étaient : démence évoluée (4 patients), risque hémorragique jugé excessif (4), risque embolique jugé faible (1). Il y a eu une nette tendance à davantage d’initiation de l’anticoagulation chez les patients avec une FA nouvellement découverte ( p = 0,09). Conclusions Un nombre non négligeable de patients âgés avec FA restent sans traitement anticoagulant même après passage dans un service spécialisé. La démence évoluée et le risque hémorragique sont les raisons les plus fréquemment invoquées. Objective Older people with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased embolic risk but they are less frequently treated with anticoagulants. We wanted to assess our current practice in a specialized service. Patients and methods Prospective observational study including all patients older than 75 years admitted during 3 months in a cardio-geriatric unit. Patients’ embolic risk (CHADS2 score), hemorrhagic risk (HAS-BLED score), anti-thrombotic treatment at arrival and any modification afterwards, were analyzed. Results Thirty-four patients were included (mean age: 85 years). AF was known in 28 patients, of whom 20 were under anticoagulant therapy at their admission (10 fluindione, 9 warfarine, 1 dabigatran), 4 received aspirin and 4 no anti-thrombotic treatment. Only the treatment of one of these patients was modified, replacing aspirin by warfarin. AF was newly diagnosed in 6 patients, of whom anticoagulation were initiated in 4 patients (3 warfarine, 1 fluindione). Finally, 9 patients (26%) left the hospital without anticoagulant treatment. Reasons given by their attending doctors were: advanced dementia (4 patients), estimated excessive hemorrhagic risk (4), and estimated low embolic risk (1). There was a clear trend to initiate anticoagulation more frequently in patients with a newly diagnosed AF ( P = 0.09) Conclusions A substantial proportion of older patients with AF do not receive anticoagulant therapy, even after having been admitted to a specialized service. Advanced dementia and hemorrhagic risk are the reasons most frequently given for that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we have studied the thermophysical properties of three members of the thiophene family (thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, and 2,5-dimethylthiophene) at atmospheric pressure in a wide temperature range. Density, speed of sound, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and static permittivity have been determined from T = 278.15 to T = 338.15 K at atmospheric pressure, while the refractive index has been obtained under atmospheric pressure in a temperature range from 283.15 to 338.15 K. Vapour pressures of these compounds have been also measured. Finally, several useful properties like isobaric expansibility, isentropic compressibility, molar refraction, and dipolar moment have been calculated from the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities and speeds of sound in the temperature range 283.15-313.15 K have been measured for the binary mixtures formed by an isomeric chlorobutane (1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, or 2-chloro-2-methylpropane) and butyl ethyl ether or methyl tert-butyl ether. Excess isentropic compressibilities were calculated from the experimental data. Excess enthalpies at T = 298.15 K are also included for the same binary mixtures. All these properties provide an insight into the nature of interactions operating on the present systems. Finally, the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory has been used to analyze the H results and to estimate the isentropic compressibility values of the mixtures at T = 298.15 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive indices and static permittivities at temperatures of (283.15, 298.15, and 313.15) K and at pressure of 99.0 kPa were determined for the binary mixtures formed by n-hexane or n-heptane with isomeric chlorobutanes. Excess properties were obtained from the experimental values and correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister type equation. In addition, these results were used, together with available density values, to estimate at T = 298.15 K the Kirkwood correlation factors of the liquid mixtures. The behavior of this magnitude with composition was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Densities and speeds of sound have been determined for the binary mixture (1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate+methanol, or ethanol) over the temperature range 293.15K to 323.15K. From experimental values, excess volume and excess isentropic compressibility have been calculated. The mixtures give negative values for the excess properties. Besides, (vapour+liquid) equilibrium in isothermal conditions has been obtained for these systems at T =303.15K and T =323.15K, which has allowed us to derive activity coefficients and excess Gibbs functions. Positive deviations from Raoult’s law have been found. A detailed analysis and interpretation of results have been carried out in structural and energetic terms using thermodynamic information of the pure compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Densities and speeds of sound at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of (283.15, 298.15, and 313.15)K for the binary mixtures formed by n-hexane or n-heptane with isomeric chlorobutanes were determined. Afterwards excess volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities and excess speeds of sound were calculated using the experimental data and correlated using a Redlich–Kister type equation. Finally, the results were studied using the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory showing excellent predictions for speed of sound and isentropic compressibility values of mixtures as well as a strong influence of the interactional contribution term for excess volume values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Factors associated with advanced liver disease have been incompletely explored in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. Objectives: To describe liver-related morbidity, mortality, and related risk factors, in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. Study design: We followed-up 107 consecutive HIV/HBV coinfected patients. Clinical, biological and virological data were collected every 3 months. Liver-related mortality and a composite score were used to define advanced liver disease. Results: The patients were mainly sub-Saharan Africans (61%) or Europeans (33%). Forty-four percent of patients had liver biopsy, 78% of patients received lamivudine. Advanced liver disease (ALD) was diagnosed in 19/107 patients during follow-up (mean 4.8 years): 10 extensive fibrosis, 5 cirrhosis, 3 hepatocellular carcinoma resulting from cirrhosis, and 1 fulminant hepatitis following lamivudine withdrawal. Eleven patients died, 4 from HBV-related liver disease. In univariate analysis, male gender, mean HIV and HBV viral loads, and raised AST/ALT transaminases were associated with increased risk of ALD. The strongest associations, in a multivariate model, were mean AST transaminase and cumulated time receiving lamivudine, with a favourable effect. 39% of patients with increased mean AST presented with ALD, versus 7% when normal mean AST (Relative Risk 5.5). Conclusions: During HIV/HBV coinfection, transaminase levels are strongly associated with ALD. Normal mean AST has a high negative predictive value, contrary to previously reported data in HIV/HCV patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BACKGROUND: There are scarce data about the efficacy and security of meal replacement products as a strategy to weight loss. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a weight loss program that includes meal replacement products. METHODS: We evaluated the effect of a hypocaloric diet versus a hypocaloric diet that includes meal replacement products in 55 overweight or type I obese patients. Patients were distributed to a control group (hypocaloric diet) or an intervention group (hypocaloric diet with meal replacement products) during 8 weeks. We registered anthropometric data, smoke habit and level of physical activity. We also studied biochemical parameters at the beginning of the study, at 4th week of the study and at the end of the same. RESULTS: The control group lost 3.97 kg, while in the intervention group we observed a loss of 4.44 kg. These differences were not statistically significant between groups. Other anthropometric parameters as waist and hip perimeters diminished also in both groups, without differences between them. We observed also a statistically significant decrease (p=0.041) in the values of triglycerides, without differences between groups again. DISCUSSION: Meal replacement products were as effective and safe to lose weight and to modify other anthropometric parameters in a controlled dietetic program as a conventional dietetic treatment without meal replacement products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Densities, speeds of sound and refractive indices of the binary mixtures of tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran with 1-chlorohexane have been measured at atmospheric pressure at the temperatures of 283.15, 298.15 and 313.15 K. Excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities and deviations in isentropic compressibility and refractive index have been obtained from experimental data and fitted by the Redlich–Kister equation. Excess molar volumes and deviations in isentropic compressibility are positive in the whole composition range for all the systems, while deviations in refractive index are negative. The temperature behavior of these properties are opposite for tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran. Excess molar volumes, speeds of sound and isentropic compressibilities have been analyzed at 298.15 K using the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Densities, speeds of sound and refractive indices of the binary mixtures 1,3-dioxolane or 1,4-dioxan+1-chloropentane or 1-chlorohexane have been measured at the temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities, isentropic compressibility deviations and refractive index deviations have been obtained from experimental data. Excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility and refractive index deviations have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister equation. Excess molar volumes, speeds of sound and isentropic compressibilities have been estimated at 298.15 K using the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Experimental surface tensions and the corresponding surface tensions deviations for the mixtures containing 1,3-dioxolane or 1,4-dioxane and 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane or 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, measured with a drop volume tensiometer, are reported at the temperatures of 298.15K and 313.15K. The excess surface concentrations of isomeric chlorobutanes are also evaluated using a monolayer model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The relation between refractive index deviations and excess volumes for binary mixtures formed by a cyclic ether and a haloalkane has been tested using several methods: refractive index mixing rules and equations of state. Refractive index deviations, excess volumes and molar refractions have been calculated from experimental data of refractive indices and densities at two temperatures 298.15 and 313.15 K. Results obtained have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions. Refractive indices were compared with those predicted by several mixing rules. Excess volumes have also been correlated using several cubic equations of state and finally a relation between parameter b from equations of state and molar refraction has been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities and speeds of sound for the ternary system 1-butanol+1,4-dioxane+cyclohexane have been measured at the temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated from experimental data and fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation for ternary mixtures. The ERAS model has been used to calculate excess molar volumes of the ternary mixture from parameters obtained from the constituent binary mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speeds of sound of the ternary mixtures cyclohexane+ I ,3-dioxolane+2-butanol and n-hexane+ 1,3- dioxolane+2-butanol have been measured at the temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Isentropic compressibilities and excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated from experimental data. We have also compared the experimental isentropic compressibilities with calculated values from the free length theory and the collision factor theory. Experimental results show positive values of excess isentropic compressibilities in almost the whole composition range for the ternary mixture containing cyclohexane, meanwhile they are negative for the mixture containing n-hexane. Such different behaviour of these systems is related to the large free volume shown by n-hexane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate identification of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species is crucial for the diagnosis and appropriate management of NTM infections. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two assays, FluoroType Mycobacteria VER 1.0 and Maldi BioTyper (MBT) Mycobacteria. The two assays were evaluated using 119 NTM, including 85 slow-growing mycobacteria and 34 rapid-growing mycobacteria, representing a total of 33 species isolated in three French clinical laboratories. We used the GenoType assays as reference method for species identification, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing if the GenoType kits returned Mycobacterium sp. Compared to the reference method, the FluoroType Mycobacteria assay provided correct species identification in 89.9% of cases (107/119). Among the most frequently encountered species in clinical settings, low concordance was obtained for Mycobacterium intracellulare (82.4%, 14/17), Mycobacterium gordonae (66.7%, 6/9), and Mycobacterium xenopi (75%, 6/8). Misidentification was obtained in two cases ( Mycobacterium smegmatis instead of Mycobacterium mageritense , and Mycobacterium mucogenicum instead of Mycobacterium phocaicum ). Using the MBT Mycobacteria assay, 78.1% (93/119) of NTM isolates were correctly identified at the species level. One Mycobacterium europaeum isolate was misidentified as M. intracellulare / Mycobacterium chimaera . In five cases, the assay provided more accurate NTM identification compared to GenoType assays, in which closely related species are identified as a group. The FluoroType Mycobacteria VER 1.0 and the MBT Mycobacteria assays are useful tools for NTM identification from positive cultures, reducing handling time compared to GenoType assays. Their routine use in laboratories must take into consideration their performance and limitations in clinical settings., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus capable of establishing lifelong latent infections, leading to a wide spectrum of diseases. It can affect multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, typically through lymphoproliferative syndromes or gastric cancer, while acute gastrointestinal disease is rare and poorly understood. Two cases of EBV-induced acute colitis in kidney transplant recipients were described. Additionally, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify all reported cases of EBV infection presenting with acute gastrointestinal involvement. A total of 11 174 articles from PubMed and Embase were analyzed, from which 30 articles were ultimately selected, encompassing 33 cases. Two distinct patient profiles emerged. Patients with gastric-limited disease were typically healthy women and exhibited a benign course, characterized by a more acute presentation and complete recovery in all cases. In contrast, patients with intestinal disease were often immunocompromised, presenting with deep colonic ulcers frequently associated with rectal bleeding, high rates of perforation, frequent need for surgical intervention, and significant mortality. Antiviral therapy and reduction of immunosuppression were commonly employed, although no specific treatment approach demonstrated a clear benefit in reducing mortality or complications. In conclusion, EBV-related gastrointestinal disease varies by patient immunocompetence and the site of involvement. Gastric-limited disease usually has a favorable prognosis, while intestinal involvement in immunocompromised patients is linked to severe complications and higher mortality. Individualized treatment strategies and vigilant long-term follow-up are needed due to the lack of standardized treatment protocols and the risk of relapse or development of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Ionic liquids are of great interest for scientists and chemical industries owing to their fascinating properties and their versatile applications. Herein, we focus on the thermophysical properties of two isomeric pyridinium-based ionic liquids: 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Experimental investigation of the liquids involved the measurement of their thermodynamic and transport properties, namely, density, speed of sound, refractive index, surface tension, isobaric molar heat capacity, kinematic viscosity, and electrical conductivity. These measurements were performed in the temperature range of 278.15-323.15 K and ambient pressure of 100 kPa. Subsequently, additional properties such as isobaric expansivity, isentropic compressibility, free molar volume, and dynamic viscosity were calculated. Results were discussed considering the structural differences between the isomers, particularly focusing on the influence of the alkyl chain position in the cation on the investigated properties., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: The various pharmacological interventions, ranging from mood stabilizers and antipsychotics to antidepressants, reflect the diff/iculty of treating depressive/manic symptomatology of bipolar disorder (BD). Among a broad range of mechanisms implicated, immune dysregulation may contribute to the increased inflammation that influences the course of BD. Inflammatory, neurotrophic and oxidative stress factors may be identified as promising peripheral biomarkers in brain functioning, perhaps serving as predictors of an effective response to treatment for BD. The present systematic review aimed to examine the evidence supporting the pharmacotherapeutic value of inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers in BD., Methods: PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2024 by two independent reviewers. A total of 40 studies with 3371 patients with diagnosis and intervention of BD were selected., Results: Inconsistencies in the effects of pharmacological treatments on the connection between the expected anti-inflammatory response and symptomatologic improvement were identified. Mood stabilizers (lithium), antipsychotics (quetiapine), antidepressants (ketamine) or their combination were described to increase both pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-8) factors. Other medications, such as memantine and dextromethorphan, autoimmune (infliximab) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (aspirin, celecoxib) drugs, antidiabetics (pioglitazone), and even dietary supplementation (omega-3), or their combination, clearly decrease inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, C-reactive protein) and/or increase the neurotrophic factor BDNF in BD patients., Conclusion: Inflammation in BD requires further investigation to understand the underlying immunologic mechanism, to identify predictors of treatment response, and to make informed decisions about the use and development of more effective pharmacological interventions for BD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the submitted material has been published or is under consideration elsewhere. All the authors have approved the manuscript and declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: A large proportion of nursing home (NH) residents suffer from dementia and effects of conventional anti-dementia drugs on their health is poorly known. We aimed to investigate the associations between exposure to anti-dementia drugs and mortality among NH residents., Methods: This retrospective longitudinal observational study involved 329 French NH and the residents admitted in these facilities since 2014 and having major neurocognitive disorder. From their electronic health records, we obtained their age, sex, level of dependency, Charlson comorbidity index, and Mini mental examination score at admission. Exposure to anti-dementia drugs was determined using their prescription into 4 categories: none, exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) alone, exposure to memantine alone, exposure to AChEI and memantine. Survival until the end of 2019 was studied in the entire cohort by Cox proportional hazards. To alleviate bias related to prescription of anti-dementia drugs, we formed propensity-score matched cohorts for each type of anti-dementia drug exposure, and studied survival by the same method., Results: We studied 25,358 NH residents with major neurocognitive disorder. Their age at admission was 87.1 + 7.1 years and 69.8% of them were women. Exposure to anti-dementia drugs occurred in 2,550 (10.1%) for AChEI alone, in 2,055 (8.1%) for memantine alone, in 460 (0.2%) for AChEI plus memantine, whereas 20,293 (80.0%) had no exposure to anti-dementia drugs. Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were significantly reduced for these three groups exposed to anti-dementia drugs, as compared to reference group: HR: 0.826, 95%CI 0.769 to 0.888 for AChEI; 0.857, 95%CI 0.795 to 0.923 for memantine; 0.742, 95%CI 0.640 to 0.861 for AChEI plus memantine. Results were consistent in propensity-score matched cohorts., Conclusion: The use of conventional anti-dementia drugs is associated with a lower mortality in nursing home residents with dementia and should be widely used in this population., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Women are disproportionately affected by stress-related disorders like depression. In our prior research, we discovered that females exhibit lower basal hypothalamic reelin levels, and these levels are differentially influenced by chronic stress induced through repeated corticosterone (CORT) injections. Although epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and the formation of repressor complexes by DNA methyl-transferases (DNMTs) and Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) have been recognized as regulators of reelin expression in vitro, there is limited understanding of the impact of stress on the epigenetic regulation of reelin in vivo and whether sex differences exist in these mechanisms. To address these questions, we conducted various biochemical analyses on hypothalamic brain samples obtained from male and female rats previously treated with either 21 days of CORT (40 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.9 % saline) subcutaneous injections. Upon chronic CORT treatment, a reduction in reelin fragment NR2 was noted in males, while the full-length molecule remained unaffected. This decrease paralleled with an elevation in MeCP2 and a reduction in DNMT3a protein levels only in males. Importantly, sex differences in baseline and CORT-induced reelin protein levels were not associated with changes in the methylation status of the Reln promoter. These findings suggest that CORT-induced reelin decreases in the hypothalamus may be a combination of alterations in downstream processes beyond gene transcription. This research brings novel insights into the sexually distinct consequences of chronic stress, an essential aspect to understand, particularly concerning its role in the development of depression., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)