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This article delves into the life and accomplishments of Juan Valverde de Amusco (c. 1525–c. 1587), a Spanish anatomist. Specifically, it focuses on his book titled HISTORIA de la composición del cuerpo humano. The book was the first anatomy opus published after Andreas Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, written in a Romance language, the Castilian Spanish language, making it the most renowned post-Vesalian anatomy book in Europe and beyond during the 16th and 17th centuries. Compiling complete editions and reproductions of figures, it had 19 editions and several translations. One of its principal contributions was the initial graphical representation of the stapes ossicle. It provided the first accurate description of the pulmonary circulation, vomer bone, and four extraocular rectus muscles. Throughout the book, Valverde corrected numerous of Vesalius’ anatomical observations. HISTORIA de la composición del cuerpo humano was the first anatomy book to use chalcographic illustrations, which are of superior anatomical quality than those printed from engraved wood in Andreas Vesalius’ book. Next, many anatomy textbooks of that time incorporated Valverde’s book illustrations. Valverde’s book was practical, timely, and well referenced, making it a valuable resource for scholars and non-scholars. The conclusion is that Juan Valverde de Amusco merits a place as a pioneer in scientific knowledge transfer, Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Lattice-melting transition; Disorder; Glass; Superconductors; Line; NiBi_(3); Vortex dynamics; Critical current; Pinning force, We investigate the vortex phase diagram of needle shaped high quality NiBi3 single crystals by transport measurements. The current is applied along the crystalline b-axis of this intermetallic quasi-1D BCS superconductor. The single crystals show a Ginzburg-Levanyuk (G (i)) parameter of about 10(-7), larger by two orders of magnitude than G _(i) in elemental low T_(c) BCS superconductors. Vortex phase diagram, critical currents and pinning forces have been extracted from the experimental data. We observe (i) an enhancement of the vortex liquid phase, (ii) a reentrance of the liquid phase at low fields and (iii) an unusual magnetic field dependence of the pinning force. We suggest that these phenomena result from the interplay between pinning due to quenched disorder and the quasi-1D character of the material which could lead, for instance, to more complex pinning mechanisms at play., Unión Europea. H2020, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/ FEDER, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/ FSE, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia, Investigación y Deporte de la República Eslovaca / Ministerio de Economía de la República Eslovaca / FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (MICINN), Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu (MICINN), Programa Ramón y Cajal, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Introduction: There are four objectives to this paper: (1) To determine whether undergraduates enrolled in Health-Sciences studies agree with the use of human stem cells for medical research, treatment and genetic uses. (2) Whether they would consider the use of pre-implantationembryos for medical research. (3) Whether attitudes toward the previous two issues are linked to gender, field of study, transcendental/spiritual convictions and political biases. (4) A panel of discussion will modify their opinion. Results: The present study shows that, before attending a discussion panel session, media was the main source of information that the students had on the surveyed topics. A discussion panel was useful for clarifying respondents’ opinions on the explored items. Significantly, the discussion panel had an influence on those respondents who did not have a formed opinion on the explored items. Conclusions: A discussion panel is a convenient, but limited tool, in the shaping of undergraduate opinions on ethically controversial scientific matters., UCM, Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - Infantil, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This work has been carried out in the frame of the Fifth Framework European Programme for research, HPRNCT 2001-00199 project. Support from MCYT through projects, MAT 2003-09873, ESP 2004-0041-E and MAT2003-00455 is also acknowledged., Dilute Te-doped GaSb alloys have been prepared by the vertical feeding method (VFM) using both casting and feeding configurations. The structural and optical properties of the samples were characterized by etching, X-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope. The obtained results confirm the variation of the segregation coefficient k observed in previous VFM Te-doped GaSb experiments. The increase of k and the grain structure refinement are attributed to the increase of the interface velocity. The feeding configuration of the VFM seems to be the most appropriate one to control segregation and grain size for Te-doped GaSb alloys., MCYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2004 The American Physical Society. This work was supported by MCYT MAT 2002-2642 and CAM 07N/0032/2002., We investigate the zero-magnetic-field dynamic scaling in Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8) thin films from nonlinear currentvoltage sI-Vd characteristics and by using the concavity criterion recently proposed by Strachan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 067007 (2001)]. We find that fresh samples show a BKT-like transition with z=0.8, smaller than expected for a conventional Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. The effect of sample size and finite Josephson coupling are discussed. We examine the effect of thermally-induced disorder in the oxygen sublattice finding that the BKT-like transition is suppressed by point disorder., MCYT, CAM, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©Nature publishing group. We thank Spanish MINECO grant FIS2013-45469 and CM grant S2013/MIT-2850 and EU COST Action MP-1201. D.G. acknowledges RYC-2012-09864., We present a simple nanodevice that can operate in two modes: i) non-volatile three-state memory and ii) reading device. The nanodevice can retain three well defined states −1, 0 and +1 and can operate in a second mode as a sensor for external magnetic fields. The nanodevice is fabricated with an array of ordered triangular-shaped nanomagnets embedded in a superconducting thin film gown on Si substrates. The device runs based on the combination of superconducting vortex ratchet effect (superconducting film) with the out of plane magnetization (nanomagnets). The input signals are ac currents and the output signal are dc voltages. The memory mode is realized without applying a magnetic field and the nanomagnet stray magnetic fields govern the effect. In the sensor mode an external magnetic field is applied. The main characteristic of this mode is that the output signal is null for a precise value of the external magnetic field that only depends on the fabrication characteristics of the nanodevice., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Comunidad de Madrid, EU COST Action, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. This work was supported by Spanish MINECO under grants FIS2008-06249 and Consolider CSD2007-00010 and by CAM under grant S2009/MAT-1726., Magnetization reversal processes have been studied in hybrid magnetic/superconducting Nd-Co/Nb bilayers by the comparison of out-of-plane magnetic hysteresis loops and superconducting phase diagrams as a function of magnetic layer thickness and of disorder in the magnetic layer induced by a nanostructured copolymer template. A good correlation is found between the regimes corresponding to percolation effects in the superconductor and to the transition from extended to confined superconductivity with the characteristic fields for reverse domain nucleation and fast domain expansion in the magnetic layer, indicating that superconductivity nucleates on the disordered network imprinted on the superconducting layer by the labyrinth domain structure of the magnetic layer. As disorder increases in the magnetic layer, percolation effects disappear from the superconducting transitions in agreement with a more homogeneous magnetization reversal process., MINECO, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© Amer Inst Physics. This work was partially supported by CICYT (Projects BP86-0151 and MAT 88-251-CO 2-02). The infrared equipment was donated by Alexander von Humboldt stiftung., Changes in the visible and infrared cathodoluminescence(CL)spectra of YBa2Cu3O7−x are detected during irradiation in the scanning electron microscope. Results indicate the influence of oxygen content on the appearance of a CL band at 450–600 nm. In irradiated samples an infrared band at 1600–1700 nm has been observed., CICYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2001 The American Physical Society. Financial support from CICYT Grant Nos. MAT94-0604, MAT97-0675, and MAT99-1706E is acknowledged. Z.S. thanks AECI for financial support., Epitaxial YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7) thin films, grown by high-pressure dc sputtering, are irradiated with He^(+) ions at 80 keV with doses between 10^(14) and 10^(15) cm^(-2). Irradiation reduces the critical temperature but it does not modify the carrier concentration. Angle-dependent resistivity is used to show that the mass anisotropy does not change upon irradiation. The melting transition in magnetic fields applied parallel to the c axis is analyzed by I-V critical scaling, and all irradiated and nonirradiated samples show a three-dimensional vortex glass transition with the same critical exponents. The dissipation in the liquid state is analyzed in terms of the activation energy of the magnetoresistance in a perpendicular magnetic field. While as-grown samples show an activation energy depending as 1/H on the applied magnetic field, irradiated samples show a dependence as 1/H^(0.5), characteristic of plastic deformation of vortices. This is discussed in terms of the point disorder introduced by ion irradiation., CICYT, AECI, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. We thank Spanish MINECO grant FIS2013-45469 and CM grant S2013/MIT-2850 and EU COST Action MP-1201. D.G. acknowledges RYC-2012-09864., Smectic order has been generated in superconducting Nb films with two-fold symmetry arrays of symmetric pinning centers. Magnetic fields applied perpendicularly to the films develop a vortex matter smectic phase that is easily detected when the vortices are commensurate with the pinning center array. The smectic phase can be turned on and off with external parameters., Spanish MINECO, Comunidad de Madrid, EU COST Action, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd. This work has been carried out in the framework of the Fifth Framework European Programme for research, Project HPRNCT 2001-00199. Support from MCYT through Projects MAT2003-00455 and MAT2003-09873-C02-01 as well as from UCM-CM (Group 910146) is also acknowledged., The influence of the doping level on the radiative recombination properties of GaSb:Se crystals has been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope. CL images evidence a high dislocation density and dopant segregation around the dislocation cores in highly-doped crystals. A progressive reduction of the Se content leads to a lower dislocation density and a more uniform luminescence spatial distribution. CL spectra reveal the existence of three Se-related emission bands, centred in all the samples investigated at about 765, 740 and 719 meV, whose relative intensity is influenced by the doping level. Measurements carried out at different temperatures and excitation densities indicate that these bands can be attributed to transitions from the conduction band to deep acceptor levels., MCYT, UCM-CM, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

En el presente trabajo se modela el ensayo de resistencia a tracción interlaminar (ILTS por sus siglas en inglés) utilizando una formulación general del Criterio Acoplado de la Mecánica de la Fractura Finita aplicado al Modelo de Interfase Elástica Lineal Frágil (CCFFM +LEBIM). Esta formulación esta basada en el Principio de Energía Total Mínima bajo una Condición de Tensión (PMTE-SC) y esta implementada mediante un script de Python que llama al código comercial FEM Abaqus®. El PMTE-SC minimiza el funcional de la energía total (energía potencial mas energía disipada), empleando un procedimiento de pasos de carga, en la posible región de fallo dada por el criterio tensional de todas las posibles configuraciones de grietas. Una ventaja de PMTE-SC es que la Energía Total es convexa cuando se separa el campo de desplazamientos y la variable daño, permitiendo resolver este problema mediante un esquema adecuado de minimización. Los ensayos ILTS utilizan probetas en forma curva de L hechas de material compuesto, donde el laminado puede tener diferentes secuencias de apilado. En los ensayos experimentales, se produce una delaminación casi instantánea en las interfases, por lo que no es trivial determinar las zonas en las que se inicia la delaminación. Dadas sus características, el PMTE-SC permite analizar el inicio y propagación de las delaminaciones, In the present research, an Inter-Laminar Tensile Strength (ILTS) test is modelled using a general formulation of the Coupled Criterion of Finite Fracture Mechanics applied to the Lineal Elastic Brittle Interface Model (CCFFM + LEBIM). The formulation is based on the Principle of Minimum Total Energy subjected to a Stress Condition (PMTE-SC) and implemented by means of a Python script that calls the commercial FEM code Abaqus®. The PMTE-SC includes a loadstepping procedure and minimizes the Total Energy functional (the sum of the Potential and Dissipated Energies) in the feasible failure regions given by the stress criterion. An advantage of PMTE-SC is that the Total Energy is convex when the displacements and the damage variable are taken separately. This feature allows solving the problem using a staggered scheme which is also referred to as Alternating Minimization Algorithms (AMA). The Inter-Laminar Tensile Strength (ILTS) test uses L-shaped composite coupons where the laminate may have different lay-up configurations. Experimental results show that almost instantaneous delaminations occur along the interfaces, so it is not trivial to determine the zones at which failure initiates. Due to the PMTE-SC nature, it allows to analyze the delaminations onset and propogation.

The objective of the work is to identify the priority areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in companies in the eastern region of the State of Mexico. The information obtained from a survey was analyzed using non-linear canonical correlation (OVERALS). The study is limited to a set of companies in the eastern region of the State of Mexico that, without being a representative sample, is significant for our purpose. Work lies in the analysis of the companies in this region, as well as in the method used for the statistical treatment of the data. The central finding of the study would indicate that CSR is used by the companies in the region as a strategy for their models of business., Se muestra que las áreas prioritarias de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en las empresas de la región oriente del Estado de México coinciden con su estrategia de negocios. La información obtenida (encuesta) se analiza mediante correlación canónica no lineal (OVERALS). El estudio se circunscribe a un conjunto de empresas de la región oriente del Estado de México que, sin ser una muestra representativa, resulta significativa para el propósito del artículo. El trabajo es novedoso en el análisis de las empresas de esta región, así como en el método utilizado para el tratamiento estadístico de los datos. El hallazgo central implica que la RSE se utiliza por las empresas de la región como una estrategia de sus modelos de negocios. Palabras clave: responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), estrategia organizacional, región oriente del Estado de México, análisis de correlación canónica no lineal (OVERALS).

[Resumen]: El mundo de las tecnologías sufre ataques continuamente. Los motivos de los mismos varían desde lo económico hasta lo político y, por ello, se precisa de una concienciación a nivel global sobre los riesgos que estos suponen. Con esto, surge también la necesidad de formación continua de profesionales en ciberseguridad. De entre todos los ataques que más secuelas causan a la sociedad, sobre todo dentro del ámbito económico, el ransomware es el que lidera el ranking. Este hecho define el primer objetivo del presente trabajo Fin de Máster: el diseño de un ransomware móvil para dispositivos con sistema operativo Android 8.1. Se pretende indagar en el funcionamiento de los mismos a bajo nivel, así como otros aspectos relacionados, como por ejemplo los mecanismos que emplean para infectar los dispositivos. Se pretenderá demostrar la facilidad de creación de un virus informático tan peligroso como este. Del primer objetivo surge el segundo. Se llevarán a cabo estudios forenses informáticos orientados al virus previamente diseñado. El motivo de dichos informes es didáctico. Pretende que sirva a modo de guía procedimental para aquellos profesores de universidad o profesionales del sector que estén interesados en las pericias forenses de virus. No se sigue una metodología en concreto para la elaboración de la presente tesis. En su lugar, se sigue una metodología propia, divida en varias fases de trabajo. En cada una de estas fases se llevarán a cabo ciertas tareas. Dichas fases se han realizado siempre con la supervisión de los directores del proyecto, con los que se establecieron las reuniones necesarias. Para la elaboración de las pericias forenses se sigue, a mayores de lo definido, una adaptación de la metodología Kanban. Para ello, se ha llevado constancia de aquellas tareas pendientes y las finalizadas para lograr una mejor organización del trabajo desarrollado. Así mismo, todas las tareas han sido abordadas de manera incremental. Finalmente se ha logrado alca, [Abstract]: The world of technology is under attack all the time. The reasons for these attacks range from the economic to the political and, as a result, there is a need for global awareness of the risks they pose. With this, there is also a need for continuous training of cybersecurity professionals. Of all the attacks that cause the most damage to society, especially in the economic sphere, ransomware is the one that leads the ranking. This fact defines the first objective of this Master’s thesis: the design of a mobile ransomware for devices with Android 8.1 operating system. The aim is to investigate how they work at a low level, as well as other related aspects, such as the mechanisms they use to infect devices. The aim is to demonstrate how easy it is to create such a dangerous computer virus. From the first objective stems the second. Computer forensic studies will be carried out on the previously designed virus. The purpose of these reports is didactic. It is intended to serve as a procedural guide for university professors or professionals in the sector who are interested in virus forensics. No specific methodology is followed for the elaboration of this thesis. Instead, we follow our own methodology, which is divided into several work phases. In each of these phases, certain tasks will be carried out. These phases have always been carried out under the supervision of the project leaders, with whom necessary meetings were established. For the elaboration of the forensic expertise, an adaptation of the Kanban methodology was followed, in addition to what has been defined. To this end, a record was kept of those tasks pending and those completed, in order to achieve a better organization of the work carried out. Likewise, all tasks have been approached in an incremental manner. Finally, the intended purpose has been successfully achieved. A ransomware virus has been developed, hidden behind a so-called image gallery application. It will encrypt certain image

[Abstract] The world of technology is under attack all the time. The reasons for this range from economic to political and, as a result, there is a need for global awareness of the risks involved. With this, there is also a need for continuous training of cybersecurity professionals. Of all the attacks that cause the most damage to society, especially in the economic sphere, ransomware is the one that leads the ranking. This fact defined the first objective of the Master’s thesis presented in this article: the design of a mobile ransomware for devices with Android 8.1 operating system. The aim was to investigate the functioning of ransomware-type viruses at a low level, as well as other related aspects. From the first objective arose the second: to carry out computer forensic studies targeting the previously designed virus. These reports are intended to be used for educational purposes, serving as a procedural guide for university professors or professionals in the sector who are interested in virus forensics. Both objectives were successfully achieved. A ransomware virus was developed, hidden behind a so-called image gallery application. It encrypts certain images on the victim device and sends the encryption key to its own remote server. In addition, two forensic reports were produced in accordance with the appropriate standards. In these reports, each step of the virus analysis was explained in detail. A range of alternative tools to be used by the analyst during the analysis was also included

En este trabajo asumo que la percepción posee un carácter no-conceptual y me propongo contribuir a la resolución de lo que considero una carencia en las principales propuestas formuladas hasta ahora que defienden la posición no conceptualista: la falta de una explicación convincente acerca del papel normativo de la percepción. El objetivo principal que me marco en este trabajo no será otro que ofrecer una propuesta propia en relación a esta cuestión. En esa propuesta dibujo una función para la percepción con contenido no-conceptual a la que doy el nombre de sustento epistémico.

Introduction: the innovations that occur at the technological level have caused various transformations in which the evolution of scientific work has been creating various areas of knowledge that address the problems of human beings from different angles. In the organizational field, the studies have been highlighted in what concerns innovation of products and services without detracting from the arguments in favor of knowing the real needs of the consumer, as mental processes that significantly support the various behaviors of this. Methodology: Narrative review of the literature on the neuroconsumer, to reveal the sense of the mental patterns of this one, based diachronically on the neuroscientific knowledge. A scientific mapping of documents on the neuroconsumer, brain dynamics, and emotions, period 2017-2022 in high impact indexed journals: Scopus and Web of Science, was performed. The referenced structurally describes the bibliography, finding thematic axes. Results: The review evidences the link between marketing that is part of neuroeconomics and neuroscience as a novel vision that addresses the analysis of consumer behavior in a deeper way in the purchase decision process. Discussion and Conclusions: Two clusters were identified from the networked understanding: consumer behavior and emotions created in the brain. The interpretation of the findings highlighted the relevance of brain dynamics to the "hidden psychological traps" in making a decision and in the choice of a product or service. There is no evidence of research in this regard, only those linked to neuromarketing, Introducción: las innovaciones que a nivel tecnológico ocurren han ocasionado diversas transformaciones en las cuales, la evolución del hacer científico viene creando variadas áreas del saber que abordan los problemas del ser humano desde diferentes aristas. En el ámbito organizacional, los estudios se han destacado en lo que atañe a innovación de productos y servicios sin desmerecer los argumentos a favor de conocer las verdaderas necesidades del consumidor, a manera de procesos mentales que sustentan significativamente los diversos comportamientos de este. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre el neuroconsumidor, para revelar el sentido de los patrones mentales de este, fundamentado diacrónicamente en el saber neurocientífico. Se realizó un mapeo científico de documentos sobre el neuroconsumidor, la dinámica cerebral, y las emociones, periodo 2017-2022 en revistas indixadas de alto impacto: Scopus y Web of Science. Lo referenciado describe estructuralmente la bibliografía, encontrándose ejes temáticos. Resultados: La revisión evidencia el vínculo entre el marketing que forma parte de la neuroeconomía y la neurociencia como una novedosa visión que aborda el análisis del comportamiento del consumidor de manera más profunda en el proceso de decisión de compra. Discusión y Conclusiones: De la comprensión en red se identificaron dos clústeres: el comportamiento del consumidor y las emociones creadas en el cerebro. La interpretación de los hallazgos destacó la relevancia de la dinámica cerebral las “trampas psicológicas ocultas” al tomarse una decisión y en la elección de un producto o servicio. No se evidencian investigaciones al respecto, solo las vinculadas al neuromarketing.

This research primarily focuses on the study of the Modernist Movement from its beginnings in Europe to its arrival in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. It is equally focused on an understanding of its principles: Economy, Precision, Rigor and Universality proposed by “Le Corbusier”. These same principles were interpreted and incorporated into a documentation and identification file that analyzes 487 building constructions located west of the historical center in the city of Cuenca. This is a highly important area since it has neither been valued nor inventoried by any institution up until today. 38 constructions built between 1955 and 1975 have been documented. These years were part of the Modernist era in the city. Lastly, 5 buildings were identified that comply with the four principles.

Background: Studies abound regarding the views on the importance of medical students on the importance of anatomy and the dissection of human bodies, but little is known about the views of Latin American Anatomists.Methods: A survey was carried out to test several hypotheses among anatomists of the Americas about how they perceive their professional identity, the use and role of dissection in their undergraduate courses, and the approval degree of bequeathing their body for anatomical teaching/research; another goal was ascertaining to what extent their attitude on these topics depended on gender, length of teaching experience and belief in the afterlife.Results: One hundred and forty-five anatomists from thirteen Latin American and Caribbean Countries took the survey; 79% stated the main role of an anatomist is teaching; 34% recorded their undergraduate students dissected human cadavers as part of their anatomy lab course-undergraduates dissecting less in the less experienced anatomists' courses (p = 0.0002). Most anatomists said dissection was a training tool for undergraduate students, a tool for developing professional skills, and a tool to help control emotions-most experienced anatomists stood out from the rest saying dissection is only to teach anatomy (p < 0.001), even if such response was the least valued by them among all replies. Men differed from women in valuing dissection as a tool to help control emotions (p = 0.006); less experienced anatomists held the opposite (p < 0.0001). Approval of a close doctor-patient relationship diverged, being different between the most and the least experienced anatomists (p = 0.01). Anatomists said they would donate only their organs (4 4%), whole body (9%) and both organs and body (46%). Undecided anatomists about the belief in life after death were the least in favor of donation (p = 0.05).