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Bacterial contamination of the uterus is inevitable during the first three weeks of calving in the cow. The potential importance of unculturable bacteria in the establishment of postpartum endometritis is reported in the cow; however, existence of unculturable bacteria is not known in the postpartum uterus of the buffalo. Accordingly, sterile endometrial swab was collected in peptone water on day 20-21 post-calving from Murrah buffalo (n=12) without vaginal contamination and bacterial gDNA was isolated. Using gene specific primers, 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR. The purified PCR product was sequenced and was compared in Ribosomal database project (RDBP). Genetic distance was calculated using multiple alignments with ClustalW model in MegAlign module of Lasergene Package. The phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using the software MEGA 5.1 by neighbourhood joining method. The results revealed that invariably every sample contained uncharacterized bacteria (100%); however, no new species of was found. The clinical significance of uncharacterized bacteria in the establishment of postpartum endometritis needs to be determined in the buffalo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a novel steep switching device architecture, electrosatically doped asymmetric schottky barrier tunnel field effect transistor (ED-SB-TFET) investigated by calibrated exhaustive 2D TCAD device simulation. This work deploys the concept of work-function engineering of the drain electrode along with the PtSi 5 source. The tactical use of a spacer along with the incorporation of high-K gate dielectrics enabled improvised switching ratio as well as sub-threshold slope (SS) reduction. The proposed ED-SB-TFET demonstrates a substantial reduction in the ambipolar current (Iamb), steeper SS, magnificent boost in drive current and higher scalability. This concept of electrostatic doping in schottky junction device facilitates easy fabrication technology as it does not need ion implantation/diffusion to realise the ultra-sharp source/drain doping profile. Further, the reported structure offers extreme resilience for random dopant fluctuations (RDFs), process variations, doping control issues, and bulk trap-assisted tunnelling (TAT) induced degradation. In addition to this, the analog and RF performance parameters have also been investigated. Our study establishes ED-SB-TFET as a promising candidate for low power futuristic switching applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The skin is the largest organ system in humans. Different skin diseases consist of non specific, non infectious and infectious diseases to various neoplastic lesions. Dermatological lesions are commonly encountered in all countries and it encompasses a wide spectrum, varies from country to country and various regions within a country and influenced by sex, age and associated systemic disorders, economy, literacy, racial and social customs. The clinical presentation is restricted to only a few changes such as hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, macules, papules, nodules and few others. However, the spectrum of histopathology of skin disorders is varied. Accurate diagnosis of skin disorders is of utmost importance as treatment is varied for different skin disorders presenting with the similar clinical lesions. Aim: To study histomorphological spectrum and distribution of skin lesions. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology in collaboration with Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of two years from September 2019 to August 2021. The biopsy sample taken from clinically diagnosed skin lesions sent to histology laboratory in 10% formalin. Sample was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin over a period of 12 to 24 hours. Paraffin wax blocks were made and 3-4 micrometer sections were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and histology was studied under microscope. Special stains such as Ziehl- Neelsen (Z-N) stain and Fite stain was done, whenever required. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel excel and descriptive data was obtained. Results: Out of total 105 cases, the maximum patients were of 21-30 years of age group 30 (28.57%) cases followed by 11- 20 years of age group 25 (23.81%) cases with male and female ratio M:F=1.5:1. Out of total 105 cases, the most common site involved was trunk in 42 (40%) cases followed by upper limb in 25 (23.81%) cases. The most common skin lesions were non infectious 70 (66.67%) cases, followed by infectious disease 22 (20.95) cases. In non infectious papulosquamous diseases group found 25 (23.81%) cases followed by vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular diseases group 24 (22.86%) cases. Infectious diseases were seen in 22 (20.95%) cases, out of which bacterial diseases being most common in 19 (18.10%) cases followed by parasitic infection 2 (1.90%) cases. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study the majority of skin lesions cases requiring biopsy in developing countries is still psoriasis in non infectious papulosquamous diseases group. Tuberculosis and leprosy in infectious diseases category were being the leading cause of morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]