Search

Background: The physiologically mobile natural tooth and rigidly fixed dental implant causes different distribution of stress when connected in prosthesis and nonrigid connector compensates this. Understanding of biomechanical behavior is necessary for an adequate choice and construction of this type of rehabilitation. However, there has been insufficient research focusing on different location and type of the nonrigid connector related with the prognosis of both implant and the tooth.Aim of the Study: The purpose of this finite element (FE) analysis was to evaluate the stress distribution around bone, implant, and tooth in tooth implant fixed prosthesis under static load with variations in design and location of nonrigid connectors under simulated functional loads.Materials and Method: Three, 3-dimensional FE models connecting tooth and implant were constructed with different location and type of nonrigid connector. Simulated occlusal load was applied on the restorations and stresses developed in the supporting structures were monitored.Results: The highest stresses were found around the implant in model with nonrigid connector placed between the tooth and implant and model with modified nonrigid connector. On the other hand, less stress was noted around the implant where nonrigid connector was placed between the implant and pontic.Conclusion: It is advisable to place the nonrigid connector between the implant and the pontic to protect the implant from torque effects in a tooth implant fixed prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TargetingM. tuberculosis(Mtb) in latent form of infection is a major obstacle and big challenge in tuberculosis (TB) eradication by current chemotherapy. A better understanding of the physiology of Mtb and of the metabolic state of the bacillus during the dormancy, is a primary need in finding drug targets against non replicating persistent (NRP) form of the Mtb. Identification of potential drug targets against dormant state of Mtb is critically important to achieve the goal of complete eradication for shortening of anti-TB therapy. The metabolic processes functioning in dormant Mtb in providing cell viability and protecting Mtb from sterilization by the hostile environment can be explored as drug targets. This review discusses about the potential drug targets in dormant tubercle bacilli, anti-dormancy inhibitors and the strategies which can be pursued for maximizing success if these targets are exploited for killing the dormant bacilli. This has important implications as the currently available arsenal of drugs suffers from the demerit of achieving sterilizing killing of mycobacteria. This lacuna can be overcome if the proposed strategies for eliminating dormant bacteria are combined along with the existing treatment modalities for the extirpation of bacilli. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3) dispersions were synthesized with different defined Ce(NO3)3 content. All pristine dispersions were stable with different poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG) number average molecular weights (Mn) of 650, 1000, and 2000. The interaction between the carboxyl acid salt group and Ce(NO3)3 was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Coating hydrophilicity, water swelling (%), water contact angle, leaching, and corrosion protection efficiency were all affected when using different Ce(NO3)3 content and PTMG molecular weights. The maximal corrosion protection of the WBPU coating was recorded using a higher molecular weight of PTMG with 0.016 mole Ce(NO3)3 content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

InyZn1−yO nanostructures were processed through a solution-based strategy for optoelectronic-related functions. Their crystalline structure, phase purity and valence states of various transition metal ions existing within them were studied in detail using X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. The morphological dimension of the nanostructures was observed to be of sheet-like form from the electron microscopic results, while the optical band gap was estimated to be around 3.13 eV using Tauc's plot. The luminescence measurements revealed the nanosheets to be associated with multiple defects through the wide sub-band edge emissions in the visible region. The origin of defect-related emission was also substantiated using Raman spectroscopy. The electrical properties of the nanosheets were studied from the Nyquist and Mott–Schottky plots, which were established through electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. The optoelectronic capabilities of InyZn1−yO were investigated via establishing p–n architectures using silicon (p-Si) and studying their corresponding current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. UV photon irradiation was found to substantiate the potential of the fabricated heterostructures for optoelectronic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mentally ill prisoners, when requiring admission in a psychiatric facility, have to be admitted only by a reception order of a judicial magistrate and convicts by warrants issued by the Government to jail superintendents and the superintendent of the hospital. Both can be only under Section 27 of The Mental Health Act, 1987. Materials and Methods: A study of the contents of reception order and warrants regarding the acts and section under which they were issued over 1 year period for the admission of the patients in the criminal ward of the Institute of Mental Health was carried out. Results: Only three reception orders quoted Section 27 out of 54 patients admitted under a reception order. Nineteen patients were admitted by the jail superintendents. Discussion: Various issues that were found in the reception order and their consequences are discussed, and a possible response to these issues is mooted. Conclusion: Almost none of the reception orders were found to be proper. This deficit needs to be rectified by sensitizing the various authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing Ti-alloy with tunable corrosion resistance and biocompatible characteristics can yield a preferred implant surface to aid an optimistic bone healing. An electrochemically synthesized nanocomposite coating based on polypyrrole (PPy) and ZrO 2 decorated boron nitride (ZrO 2 -BN) nanosheets was explored as polymeric bioactive coatings for TiNbZr alloy in orthopedic applications. In vitro corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of PPy/ZrO 2 -BN nanocomposite coatings were systematically inspected by correlating them with the structural and surface microstructural changes observed in the prepared coatings. The positive role of ZrO 2 addition on BN nanosheets was evaluated using surface and structural analyses in terms of its improvement on homogeneous dispersion and interfacial interaction with the host PPy matrix. Bio-corrosion test results in Hank's solution confirmed that PPy coatings with the inclusion of 15 mg/L of ZrO 2 -BN provided the best surface protective performance against corrosion among the investigated specimens. In vitro biocompatibility assay was performed on MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines and the obtained results confirmed the beneficial role of ZrO 2 -BN nanosheets in improving the bioactivity of PPy coatings on the Ti surface. The obtained results showed that the beneficial role of ZrO 2 -BN nanosheets in improving the surface wettability, in vitro biocompatibility and corrosion protection performance of PPy coatings on Ti surface suggests a possible candidate for biomedical applications. [Display omitted] • PPy/ZrO 2 -BN-TiO 2 coating was coated on Ti alloy by electrochemical route. • Homogeneous distribution of ZrO 2 -BN in PPy was confirmed by surface analyses. • In vitro corrosion tests revealed enhanced corrosion protection of PPy/ZrO 2 -BN • Contact angle images indicated the enhanced wettability of PPy/ZrO 2 -BN • MG63 osteosarcoma studies validated the greater cell growth on coated Ti alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computed tomography (CT) images are usually corrupted by several noises from the measurement process complicating the automatic feature extraction and analysis of clinical data. To attain the best possible diagnosis it is very vital that medical images be clear, sharp, and free of noise and artifacts. In this research paper, we propose a robust technique to denoise, detect and classify the tumour part from CT medical images. Our proposed approach consists of four phases, such as denoising, region segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In the denoising phase Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Packets and Empirical Mode Decomposition are used for removing noise. The performance of the proposed technique is assessed on the five CT images taking into consideration, Gaussian and salt & pepper noise for the parameters, PSNR and SDME. In the segmentation process K-means clustering technique is employed. For the feature extraction, the parameters contrast, energy and gain are extracted. In classification, a modified technique called Cuckoo-Neuro Fuzzy (CNF) algorithm is developed and applied for detection of the tumour region. The cuckoo search algorithm is employed for training the neural network and the fuzzy rules are generated for classification, according to the weights of the training sets. From the obtained outcomes, we can conclude that the proposed denoising technique have shown better values for the SDME of 69.9798, PSNR of 29.8413 for salt & pepper noise and an accuracy of 96.3% which is very superior compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To many geographic systems (GIS) application scheme such as urban planning and navigation, updating road network database is critical problem. Rapidly changing urban environments accelerate the need for frequent updates or revisions of road network databases. With the advent of high-resolution satellite images, there has been a resurgence of research interest in road extraction techniques. However, due to the extreme complexity of an urban scene, automatic road network extraction continues to be challenging research topic. In this paper, we have proposed a road map extraction system with two efficient filters using satellite images. Here, Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used in combination with Gauss-Hermite Kalman Filter (GHKF) to trace and identify various connected road paths and to avoid obstacles under diverse conditions. Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) component is responsible for tracing axis coordinates of a road region until it comes to a severe obstacle or an intersection. Then, the Gauss-Hermite Kalman Filter (GHKF) module takes the control of the road extraction process and regains track of the road or possibly road branches on the other side of a road junction or obstacle. From the results, we ensure that the proposed road extraction technique outperformed the existing approach by achieving the accuracy of 98.452% in cluster 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu corrosion is a major issue affecting the structural integrity and efficient performance of Cu components in several applications. In recent years, the utilization of metal oxide thin films on copper components is fascinated cumulative consideration particularly in the field of energy and electronic related materials like micro-electromechanical, energy storage and memory device components. Herein, we report the use of a rapid and reproducible approach of aerosol-assisted (AA) CVD for depositing bimetallic nickel-vanadium oxide (NiVO x) thin films directly on Cu substrates. NiVO x coatings were produced by increasing the deposition period from 1 to 3 h at a fixed temperature of 480 °C and were structurally characterized through XRD analysis, XPS, SEM/EDS, and AFM. Detailed characterization was performed for the as-prepared amorphous NiVO x binary films having a compact and dense microstructure at an elemental stoichiometry of Ni/V in 1:1 ratio. Corrosion analyses, including electrochemical frequency modulation, Tafel plot analysis, and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were performed to assess the corrosion resistance performance of binary films on Cu substrates in saline medium. Moreover, scanning electrochemical microscopy was accomplished to estimate the electrochemical stability of the as-processed binary films during the 24-h immersion period in NaCl. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of UV-protected coatings were prepared using cerium-oxide-functionalized oil fly ash (f-OFA-CeO2) in waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) dispersions. Three monomers, namely, poly(tetramethyleneoxide glycol) (PTMG), polydimethylsiloxane-hydroxy terminated (PDMS) and 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), were used to pre-mix with f-OFA-CeO2 separately, followed by the synthesis of WBPU/f-OFA-CeO2 dispersions. The f-OFA-CeO2 distribution and enrichment into any part (top/bottom/bulk) of the coating was strongly affected by the pre-mixing of f-OFA-CeO2. The f-OFA-CeO2 was densely distributed in the top, bottom and bulk when the f-OFA-CeO2 was pre-mixed with PDMS, H12MDI and PTMG, respectively. Only an f-OFA-CeO2-enriched top surface showed excellent UV protection. The lowest UV-degraded exposed coating was found when the top surface of the coating was f-OFA-CeO2-enriched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bidirectional impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes is used in an oscillating water column to extract wave energy. The turbine suffers from low aerodynamic efficiency, and it is required to improve performance. In the present study, coupled CAD-CFD automated optimization of the blade leading and trailing edge ratio was performed to maximize the efficiency. The design points were generated using a central composite design sampling technique and response surface optimization method estimated the optimum design. The optimization pipeline was automated using the Ansys Design Exploration module. Ansys Turbo Grid was used for generating structured hexahedral elements in the computational domain, and the problem was solved in Ansys CFX® v16.2. The results showed that the modified leading and trailing edge enhanced the performance compared to the reference blade by minimizing the pressure drop. The optimized design improved the relative peak efficiency and torque by 3.4% and 2% respectively. Additionally, a detailed flow analysis has been reported in this paper. • A coupled CAD-CFD fully automated optimization approach was developed and implemented. • Relative peak efficiency and torque coefficient were enhanced by 3.4% and 2% respectively, in the optimized design. • Optimizing the blade leading and trailing edge improves the turbine performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gentamicin loaded Pectin/Polypyrrole coatings were electrochemically prepared. • Structural analysis revealed the hydrogen bonding exist amongst pectin, GM and PPy. • Corrosion results in SBF validated the improved surface protective performance. • The composite coatings enhanced antibacterial activity by sustained release of GM. • The composite coatings exhibited adequate biocompatibility to osteosarcoma MG63cell. Being a natural and renewable polysaccharide, pectin (PC) is considered a polymer with promising potential for many applications. In the present investigation, novel multifunctional pectin/polypyrrole (PC/PPy) composite coatings loaded with gentamicin (GM) were electrochemically deposited on TiNbZr alloy to enhance its biocompatibility, antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance in physiological environment. Various surface and structural characterization techniques were deployed to examine the composite coatings. in vitro corrosion analysis confirmed that the composite coated TiNbZr specimen exhibited higher corrosion resistant performance in simulated body fluid (SBF). The drug release kinetics was estimated and the results corroborated the sustained release of GM from the controlled degradation of the composite matrix. The pectin composite coatings exhibited effective antibacterial performance; due to the sustained release of GM. In-vitro cell culture studies validated the improved biocompatibility of the composite coatings. Among the developed coatings, composite coatings loaded with 10 wt. % of GM exhibited the lowest corrosion rate, enhanced biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural, curing, morphological, adhesion, and corrosion protection properties of a novel hybrid sol-gel polymeric material embedded individually with metal oxide additives on mild steel substrates have been carefully investigated. • A novel hybrid sol-gel material has been successfully synthesized and spectroscopically characterized • The newly synthesized hybrid material was functionalized effectively with different metal oxide additives • The final functionalized developed coatings exhibited excellent morphological, mechanical and anticorrosion protection properties for mild steel substrate in 3.5% NaCl solution. The effect of embedding various metal oxide additives on the structural, curing, morphological, adhesion, and corrosion protection properties of a novel hybrid sol-gel polymeric coating has been examined using various characterization techniques. The coating formulation embedded with yttrium(III) oxide exhibited optimum low surface roughness, good adhesion to metallic substrates with elevated thermal stability, and enhanced barrier properties for mild steel substrates in 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium compared to the parent coating. Scanning electrochemical microscopy analyses indicated a dense, crack-free, and homogeneous nature for the coating layer on the steel. The coating's degradation was evaluated using the scanning electrochemical microscopic technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopolymer xanthan (Xn) and its functionalized polymer xanthan acrylate (XnAc) were used to improve the antifouling properties of synthesized waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) coatings, namely, WBPU-Xn and WBPU-XnAc. XnAc was synthesized by functionalization of xanthan (Xn) using polyacrylic acid. Coating hydrophilicity, adhesive strength, and erosion all varied with the Xn and XnAc contents. A moderate erosion rate was recorded only for the WBPU-XnAc coating. A good antifouling property for longer time was found in the WBPU-XnAc coating using zinc pyrithione as a biocide in the field test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gurney flap (GF) placed at pressure side of the trailing edge of an airfoil and perpendicular to the chord line enhances lift in aircraft wings, helicopter rotors, and wind turbines, etc. In this article, the GF concept was introduced for Wells turbine blade used to harvest wave energy with special consideration as the blades are having symmetric airfoil and faces bidirectional flow. Hence, the flap was extended to both pressure and suction sides of the trailing edge (TE) to maintain blade symmetry, and the turbine performance was evaluated using opensource computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM 4.0. Different GF-lengths (0.5–3% chord length) were considered, and the performance parameters such as non-dimensional torque, pressure drop and efficiency were evaluated. The GF blades produced a counter-rotating vortex pair behind the TE which modified the TE Kutta condition and increased the circulation and lift. In addition, the GF blades increased the blade loading and enhanced the torque generated. However, the increased pressure drop lead to decrement in efficiency. • A concept of Gurney flap for a bidirectional flow Wells turbine is introduced. • The flap height effect on the turbine performance is numerically investigated. • A flap of 0.5% chord length enhanced the relative average torque by 10.7% before stall condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were successfully produced and deposited on a circular glass substrate using the spin coating process at room temperature. The deposited films were subjected to annealing at temperatures of 300, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 °C to investigate the temperature-dependent changes in their physical characteristics. Analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible transmittance spectroscopy, were employed to examine the properties of the TiO2 films. The SEM images revealed that the films were homogeneous, consistent and dense, exhibiting minimal presence of pores and microcracks. AFM scans demonstrated that the film surfaces were uniformly smooth, with a roughness ranging from approximately 0.52 to 2.85 µm. Additionally, SEM analysis indicated that the films were crack-free, homogeneous and composed of fine grains with an average size of approximately 50 nm. The UV spectral results unveiled important optical changes in the films. The Urbach energy exhibited an increase from 1.47 to 2.5 eV, while the direct band gap energy showed a decrease from 3.90 to 3.03 eV. Regarding the hydrophilicity of the TiO2 films, the sample annealed at 300 °C displayed the lowest water contact angle among all tested samples. However, the hydrophilicity of anatase TiO2 thin films increased when subjected to annealing temperatures between 400 and 800 °C. Conversely, the presence of the rutile phase resulted in a reduction in hydrophilicity when the annealing temperature ranged from 900 to 1100 °C. It was found that by using annealing, thin spin coated TiO2 films will be more uniform and transparent. These results demonstrate the suitability of the obtained TiO2 films for use in solar cells, further supporting their potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study analyzes the surface, mechanical, biocorrosion, and antibacterial performances of a nanocrystalline TiN ceramic coating synthesized using cathodic arc-physical vapor deposition (PVD) on biomedical Ti6Al4V substrates. The surface hardness and modulus of elasticity were assessed using the microindentation method. The adhesion, friction coefficient, and antibacterial properties of the coating were evaluated. The in vitro corrosion of the prepared coated Ti alloy substrate was analyzed in simulated body fluid (SBF) via cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), and scanning vibrating electrochemical technique (SVET). The results demonstrated that a nanocrystalline TiN coating with a crystallite size of 10.33 nm and a thickness of 5 μm was formed with good adhesion on the alloy surface. The coating had an enhanced surface hardness of 38.63 GPa and a modulus elasticity of 358 GPa, and exhibited enhanced resistance to plastic deformation compared with the substrate – features that can enhance the service life of an implant. The antibacterial experiments indicated an upgraded antibacterial performance of the TiN coating compared to the bare alloy. The in vitro corrosion-resistance analyses confirmed the enhanced surface protective performance of TiN ceramic coatings against biocorrosion in SBF. The results showed higher impedance values in DEIS, a higher passive region in the CPP analysis, and a lower anodic current density in the SVET analysis compared with the bare substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DPDS exhibits good anti COVID-19 effect in docking. • RDG reveals non-covalent interactions. • Vibrational investigations contributes the outcome of functional groups. • Energy gap value endorses the biotic activities. • DFT computations deep-rooted the stability. Prospective Anti-viral compound 3, 5 Dimethyl Pyrazolium 3, 5 Dichloro Salicylate (DPDS) was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV and NMR spectra. To escort the experimental results, computational methods were performed using B3LYP with 6-311G (d, p) basis set expending Gaussian09w package to attain geometry of the molecule. Vibrational assignments for all the vibrational modes have been made of PED results obtained from SQM method. On contrary, FMO analysis, global chemical reactivity descriptors, Aromaticity and Natural charge analysis were studied. Molecular stability and bond strength have been inquired by executing NBO analysis. Topological features of DPDS were intended by MEP, ELF and LOL maps. UV–vis spectrum was predicted by TD-DFT method in gaseous phase and compared with the experimental spectrum for displaying the involved electronic transitions in the compound. The interactions within the DPDS molecule were investigated via RDG analysis. Molecular docking was performed with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and docking parameters were obtained. Drug likeness was carried out based on Lipinski's rule of five and the ADMET factors were also predicted. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, magnetron sputtered tungsten oxide (W 3 O) thin films were deposited on stainless steel 316L substrates followed by annealing treatment at different temperatures (200 to 800 °C). The synthesized films were characterized and thereafter investigated for their corrosion resistance behavior, in both 3.5% NaCl and 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 environments, using electrochemical corrosion techniques. FESEM, XRD, and XPS analyses revealed that the oxygen content increases with annealing temperature, which then results in morphological and microstructural changes from cubic nanorods to monoclinic nanoplatelets and nanopyramids, composing of mixed oxidation states (WO 2.72 and WO 2.92). Electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic measurements showed that in the chloride-containing solution the resistance increases with the annealing temperature until an optimum temperature of 400 °C. Similarly, the as-deposited and the films annealed at temperatures up to 400 °C demonstrated better protectiveness that exceeds 95%, in the acidic environment. The passive current densities and the pitting potentials of the films were likewise improved in both environments. Findings in this investigation suggest that an annealing temperature of 400 °C induced optimum protective barrier properties to the film. [Display omitted] • Magnetron sputtered W 3 O films were fabricated on 316L stainless steel substrates. • Post-annealing effect at different temperatures on corrosion behavior was assessed. • This results in structural changes from cubic nanorods to monoclinic nanopyramids. • Corrosion and pitting resistance of the films in 3.5%NaCl and 0.5MH 2 SO 4 is improved. • Annealing at 400 °C induced optimum corrosion resistant properties to the W 3 O film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TiN coating was deposited on biomedical Ti20Nb13Zr alloy using CA-PVD. • The coating showed good corrosion protection in SBF and artificial saliva. • The coating showed a reduced coefficient of friction and wear rate. • The TiN coating showed potential for biomedical applications. Although Ti-based alloys have shown improved biocompatibility, the release of metal ions at long implantation times due to reduced surface hardness and wear resistance results in reduced service lifetimes of implants and cause implant loosening. To overcome these limitations and extend the lifetime of Ti-based implants, a TiN ceramic coating was deposited on the developed Ti20Nb13Zr (TNZ) alloy by using cathodic arc physical vapor deposition. The objective of this paper was to examine and assess the performance of the coating and its influence on surface hardness, in- vitro corrosion, wear rate and friction coefficient. The results exhibited that the TiN coating led to an enhancement of the surface hardness of 23.1 GPa and modulus of elasticity of 224.6 GPa. In-vitro corrosion investigations showed better corrosion protection for the coated alloy in both simulated body fluid and artificial saliva compared to the uncoated alloy. The coefficient of friction (~ 0.4) of the coated alloy was almost 30% less than that of the TNZ alloy, and the wear rate of the coated TNZ was 0.62 ± 0.07×10−5 mm3/Nm compared to 3.9 ± 0.8×10−5 mm3/Nm for the uncoated sample. The obtained results indicate that coating the TNZ alloy with TiN may be a promising option for biomedical uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intention of the current study is to improve the biodegradability and corrosion resistant performance of AZ31 Mg substrates by anodization and electrodeposition of polypyrrole/gelatin composite coatings. The effect of anodization time, and the concentration of gelatin on the biodegradability and corrosion protective performance of coated AZ31 Mg substrates were systematically evaluated using different characterization techniques. Surface topographical and morphological studies of anodized substrates indicated that the surface roughness, distribution of pores and pore size increased with increasing the anodization time. Water contact angle studies confirmed the improved surface wettability of AZ31 Mg substrates after anodization treatment. Surface characterization results of PPy/Ge composite coatings revealed the significant influence of gelatin addition on the surface morphology of PPy coatings. Structural characterization results confirmed that intermolecular chemical interaction exists between the polypyrrole moiety and gelatin molecules. It was also found that the anodized layer has enhanced the adhesion of PPy coatings from 3B to 5B. In vitro corrosion analysis indicated that the anodization layer efficiently improved the corrosion resistance behavior of coated AZ31 Mg substrates and this performance was increased with the addition of gelatin up to 1 wt% and then slightly reduced. Hydrogen evolution measurements corroborated that the amount of hydrogen evolved is significantly reduced in the presence of anodization layer and gelatin addition into PPy coating. Unlabelled Image • The effect of anodisation on the surface characteristics of subsequent polypyrrole coatings was evaluated on Mg alloy • Surface analysis findings indicated that the performance of the polypyrrole coating was intensely altered • The corrosion studies implied the improved barrier performance of polypyrrole composite coatings with surface treatment • Hydrogen evolution rate is controlled by the addition of gelatin • Conclusion, the processed anodized layer before coating facilitated overall performance of polypyrrole composite coatings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-use plastics (SUPs) have become an essential constituent of our daily life. It is being exploited in numerous pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Despite their advantages and widespread use in the pharma and medical sectors, the potential clinical problems of plastics, especially the release of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) and additives from medical plastics (e.g. bags, containers, and administrative sets) and sorption of drugs remain understudied. Certainly, the MNPs are multifaceted stressors that cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem and human health. The origin and persistence of MNPs in pharmaceutical products, their administration to humans, endurance and possible health implication, translocation, and excretion have not been reviewed in detail. The prime focus of this article is to conduct a systematic review on the leaching of MNPs and additives from pharmaceutical containers/administrative sets and their interaction with the pharmaceutical constituents. This review also explores the primary and secondary routes of MNPs entry from healthcare plastic products and their potential health hazards to humans. Furthermore, the fate of plastic waste generated in hospitals, their disposal, and associated MNPs release to the environment, along with preventive, and alternative measures are discussed herein. [Display omitted] • Leaching of micro/nano plastics (MNPs) from the pharmaceuticals containers and administrative sets were discussed in detail. • Mechanisms of interaction of pharmaceutical constituents with MNPs and additives were reviewed. • Ingestion, inhalation, infusion and dermal routes of MNPS/additives administration were described. • Accumulation, translocation and excretion of MNPs/additives and toxic effects on various organs and tissues were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of a new Schiff's base from pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and sulfadiazine. • Detailed FTIR, 1HNMR and UV characterization performed and vibrational frequency assignment and potential energy distribution reported. • Compound shows excellent light harvesting properties. • Localized orbital locater and electron localized function reported. • The compound is a drug candidate and shows excellent docking against nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. The new (E)-4-((pyridine-4-ylmethylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PY4DA) compound was synthesis with condensation of pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde and sulfadiazine, and characterized with FTIR, 1HNMR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The compound compared with experimental and theoretical method, the theoretical method used for Density Functional Theory (DFT). The FTIR were computed from DFT method with B3LYP/6311++ G (d,p) basic set. The 1HNMR calculated from standard GIAO method and DMSO used as a solvent. The UV–Vis spectrum calculated from Time Defendant Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) method with B3LYP/6311++ G (d,p) basic set level, and solvent used for DMSO. The physical properties (ADMET) of the compound PY4DA were calculated from Swiss ADME online tool. The antimicrobial activity studied with disk well diffusion method with four various concentrations like 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/l. The molecular docking studies were calculated from Auto-dock/Vina software. Protein preparation and Docking output result visualization using software Discovery Studio. [Display omitted] Synthesis, structural investigation, computational study, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies of novel synthesized (E)-4-((pyridine-4-ylmethylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide from pyridine-4-carboxaldyhyde and sulfadiazine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan, as a proficient biopolymer, has enormous potential as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor (CI), but their limited solubility restricts practical applications. Herein, an eco-friendly and water-soluble chitosan salt (CS) was utilized as a green CI on N80 pipeline steel in artificial sea water. Several structural and surface analytical tools were engaged in describing the characteristics of novel CS polymer. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of CS on steel at different concentrations were investigated through gravimetric, conventional and advanced electrochemical techniques along with the surface analyses. Tafel polarization tests specified that CS performed as mixed-type CI with prevalent anodic inhibition characteristics. At a concentration of 1000 ppm, CS provided an inhibition efficiency (IE) of 96.68 %, following physiochemical adsorptions of CS on N80 surface validated by fitting Langmuir adsorption isotherm. However, the reductions in the values of IE at high temperature specified that the CS is the temperature dependent CIs. Scanning electrochemical microscopic evaluation confirmed the formation of thin CS inhibitors films with high electrochemical stability on N80 steel in saline. The performed surface characterizations on inhibited surfaces validated the adsorption of CS on the N80 surface by forming thin inhibitor film to obstruct metal corrosion. The theoretical simulation studies using molecular dynamics and density functional theory corroborated the experimentally obtained results., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exists., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Titanium alloys have gained popularity as a bioimplant material due to their biocompatibility, low modulus of elasticity, and increased strength. However, other issues, such as corrosion resistance, and infections can reduce the implant's lifespan. This paper aims to fabricate a new Ti-30Nb-3Ag at% alloy with enhanced in vitro corrosion and antibacterial properties by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by powder consolidation. XRD, SEM/EDX, and Vickers microhardness analyses were used to examine the phases compositions, microstructure, and microhardness, respectively. The in vitro corrosion performance of Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy was inspected in a simulated body medium and artificial saliva. The alloy's antibacterial properties were evaluated in the gram-positive and negative bacterial medium. The results showed that after MA for 60 h, nanocrystalline β-Ti (BCC) and α-Ti (HCP) solid solutions were formed with crystallite sizes of 7.44 and 3.47 nm, respectively. The sintered sample exhibited densifications of 97%, with a microstructure composed of β-Ti, α-Ti, and a minor quantity of ultrafine Ti 2 Ag phase. The microhardness result showed that Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possesses HV 491.5. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy has a potent antibacterial capability of 85.75% and 88.81% relative to Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti, respectively. In vitro corrosion results revealed that the Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy exhibited the widespread passive area in the investigated anodic regions and presented the highest impedance values in comparison with the commercial alloys, confirming its improved corrosion resistance performance in both studied mediums. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possibly be a competitive bioimplant material for orthopedic and dental uses owing to its enhanced biocorrosion and antibacterial properties compared to commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We prepared a series of polyurethane (PU) coatings with defined contents using poly(tetramethylene oxide)glycol (PTMG) with two different molecular weights (i.e., M n = 2000 and 650), as well as polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) with a molecular weight of M n 550. For every coating, maximum adhesive strength and excellent self-healing character (three times) were found using 6.775 mol% mixed with low-molecular-weight-based polyols (PU-11-3-3). Defined 1.0 wt% CeO 2 was also used for the PU-11-3-3 coating (i.e., PU-11-3-3-CeO 2 ) to obtain UV shielding properties. Both the in situ polymerization and blending processes were separately applied during the preparation of the PU-11-3-3-CeO 2 coating dispersion. The in situ polymerization-based coating (i.e., PU-11-3-3-CeO 2 -P) showed similar self-healing properties. The PU-11-3-3-CeO 2 -P coating also showed excellent UV shielding in real outdoor exposure conditions.

Sodium alginate (SA), a polysaccharide biopolymer, has been studied as an effective inhibitor against the corrosion of API X60 steel in neutral 3.5% NaCl using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques (OCP, EIS and EFM). The inhibition efficiency of the SA increased with concentration but was lower at higher temperature (70°C). Electrochemical measurements showed that the SA shifted the steel corrosion potential to more positive value and reduced the kinetics of corrosion by forming an adsorbed layer which mitigated the steel surface wetting, based on contact angle measurement. SEM-EDAX was used to confirm the inhibition of SA on API X60 steel surfaces. The SA adsorbs on the steel surface through a physisorption mechanism using its carboxylate oxygen according to UV-vis and ATR-IR measurements, respectively. This phenomena result in decreased localized pitting corrosion of the API X60 steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. Theoretical results using quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations provide further atomic level insights into the interaction of SA with steel surface., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)