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Purpose – The focus of this study is to evaluate the features of open innovation using data accessed from the Scopus online database. We are looking at two keywords: open innovation and SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – The study measured a bibliometric analysis of 1,214 articles from 157 journals during 2007-2020. Findings: The findings showed that the publication trend on open innovation kept increasing. The most cited article was Open Innovation in SMEs: Trends, Motives, and Management Challenges by Van de Vrande with 1,107 citations, followed by Lee et al. with 699 citations. The publication journal with the highest citation was Technovation and Research Policy. The United Kingdom and Italy were in the top-ranking countries for publications on this topic. The document citation category showed that Belgium ranked the highest with 1,990, followed by the Netherland with 1,212. Research limitation/implications: This study provides a literature search on open innovation and has several limitations that require future study recognition. These limitations include that databases are limited to sources originating from one database only in data collection and data synthesis. Practical implications: The practical implications provide benefits about open innovation, which can help SMEs understand open innovation and apply it as their preferred strategy in developing business. This study also allows SMEs owners and managers to understand open innovation as a strategic choice to consider as the concept is a part of the strategic intervention for their business. Originality/value: This study provides the most influential contribution and impact on the research interest of open innovation that develops from various fields, including leading researchers and their home countries. Second, a co-citation analysis addressed the second question in this research study.

The impact of heat generated inside the porous layer containing a fluid and density maximum when the porous structure is studied analytically subjected to rotation for the case of unlike temperatures of both solid and fluid phases. Two equations each representing solid and fluid phases are used as energy equations. The linear stability theory is used and is based on normal mode technique. Galerkin method is used to find the Eigen values of the problem. The rotation of the porous layer provides extra strength to the system, protecting the structure from instability, however internal heat generation does not support the system in retaining its strength, causing the system to destabilize. Both the conductivity ratio and the density function have a negative impact on system stability. Consequently, the rotation parameter Ta stabilizes the system, whereas internal heat generation, conductivity ratio, and density function destabilizes the onset of convection.

Heavy metals (HM) have gained significant attention in terms of regular monitoring and detection owing to their toxicity, non-biodegradability, and persistence. Current techniques for detecting HM are expensive, cumbersome, and require sophisticated instruments and skilled labour. Hence, developing cheap, rapid, energy-efficient, and accurate sensors is imperative and electrochemical techniques have emerged as promising tools. The current study involves the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for the concurrent detection of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions using modified carbon paste electrodes (mCPE). Activated carbon (AC) with a BET surface area of 1118 m2 g−1 was obtained by chemical activation and thermal treatment of the waste rubberwood sawdust. AC-Graphite, AC-Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), and AC-RGO-Chitosan were the types of mCPEs that were utilised. The electrochemical behaviours and effects of pH, concentration, and scan rate were studied using Cyclic voltammetry (CV). Studies on detection were conducted using CV and linear sweep voltammetry. Although all the 3 mCPEs detected Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the simulated wastewater, the CPE with RGO and AC could detect Cd2+ as low as 10.91 µg L−1 and Pb2+ as low as 14.01 µg L−1. The work explored the possibility of using AC as a potential sustainable substitute for graphite in CPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The last few years have seen a significant rise in the incidence of dermatophytosis across India. Vulnerability of children to this disease is more than adults due to multiple factors. However, limited data are available regarding clinical and mycological variants of dermatophytosis in children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was designed at the dermatology outpatient department in Mumbai. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical profile and identify the causative fungal species in pediatric dermatophytosis. Sixty-seven children below 14 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of dermatophytosis were included by the simple random sampling method. A detailed history (duration of lesions, topical creams used, similar lesions in contacts, contact with pets, and other comorbidities/comedications) was taken and clinical examination (sites of involvement, number of lesions, associated erythema/scaling, morphology, and extent of lesions) was done followed by fungal mount preparation (potassium hydroxide (KOH) and KOH with Chicago Sky Blue stain) and culture of the scrapings on Sabouraud's agar medium containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Microsoft Excel and SPSS-20 software were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 42 male and 25 female children (mean age – 6.2 years) were included in the study. Prior topical applications of steroids±antifungal combinations were used in 57 cases (85%) before presenting to the dermatologist. About 76.12% (n = 51) of cases had positive family/contact history. Thirty-five children (52.2 %) had extensive disease. Multiple atypical clinical patterns were observed: tinea incognito, irregular geographic plaque, tinea recidivans, tinea pseudo-imbricata, penile tinea, and annular plaques on scalp. Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex was the most common isolate from cultures grown from scrapings, in 14/19 cases (73.7%). Conclusion: This clinico-mycological study highlights the changing clinical patterns (including Tinea pseudoimbricata, geographically patterned plaques) and shift in the etiological agent in childhood dermatophytosis. The study brings into focus the increasing proportion of T. mentagrophytes, high percentages of topical steroid abuse by parents in children, and positive family/close-contact history in children.

Prior research argues for a role of increased de novo fatty acid synthesis in pathogenesis of prostate adenocarcinoma, which remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in American men. A safe and effective inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis is still a clinically unmet need. Herein, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Withania somnifera root (WRE) standardized for one of its components (withaferin A) on fatty acid synthesis using LNCaP and 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells. Withania somnifera is a medicinal plant used in the Ayurvedic medicine practiced in India. Western blotting and confocal microscopy revealed a statistically significant decrease in protein levels of key fatty acid metabolism enzymes including ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in WRE-treated cells compared with solvent control. The mRNA levels of ACLY, ACC1, FASN, and CPT1A were also lower in WRE-treated cells in comparison with control. Consequently, WRE treatment resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular levels of acetyl-CoA, total free fatty acids, and neutral lipid droplets in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. WRE exhibited greater potency for fatty acid synthesis inhibition at equimolar concentration than cerulenin and etomoxir. Exposure to WRE results in downregulation of c-Myc and p-Akt(S473) proteins in 22Rv1 cell line. However, overexpression of only c-Myc conferred protection against clonogenic cell survival and lipogenesis inhibition by WRE. In conclusion, these results indicate that WRE is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in human prostate cancer cells.

Lack of pain sensation in children involves a rare group of heritable disorders; hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). Till date, eight types of HSAN have been described depending on the clinical phenotype and the underlying gene mutation. We report a new variant of HSAN (Type IX) in two siblings (of Indian origin) with a novel mutation of SCN11Agene and a distinct clinical phenotype.

Abstract The decline in groundwater supply in the Texas High Plains is forcing some growers to convert center‐pivot irrigated cropland to dryland production. Transitioning toward reduced water input can lead to declines in soil health. We assessed short‐term changes in soil health indicators in two transition scenarios: (a) from high irrigation method to low irrigation method (center pivot to subsurface drip) and (b) from high irrigation method to dryland (center pivot to dryland), in comparison to continuous center‐pivot management. We monitored changes in chemical and biological indicators in four fields for each transition scenario and in three pivot‐irrigated fields. There were declines in soil water content, potassium (K), sodium (Na), and soil organic carbon with transition from irrigation to reduced irrigation and dryland. Severe drought in the final year revealed reduced amounts of multi‐enzyme activities, total ester‐linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL‐FAME), and total fungi. Transitioning to low water‐input management in this environment complicates efforts to maintain microbial components of soil health. Longer‐term comparisons are needed to detect slow changes in soil health indicators on producers’ fields.