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157. Preschool children's health and its association with parental education and individual living conditions in East and West Germany

Author

du Prel, X., Krämer, U., Behrendt, H., Ring, J., Oppermann, H., Schikowski, T., and Ranft, U.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Social inequalities in health exist globally and are a major public health concern. This study focus on a systematic investigation into the associations between health indicators, living conditions and parental educational level as indicator of the social status of 6-year-old children living in West and East Germany in the decade after re-unification. Explanations of observed associations between parental education and health indicators were examined. METHODS: All boys and girls entering elementary school and living in predefined areas of East and West Germany were invited to participate in a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1991 and 2000. Data of 28,888 German children with information on parental education were included in the analysis. Information about educational level of the parents, individual living conditions, symptoms and diagnoses of infectious diseases and allergies were taken from questionnaire. At the day of investigation, atopic eczema was diagnosed by dermatologists, blood was taken for the determination of allergen-specific immuno-globulin E, height and weight was measured and lung function tests were done in subgroups. Regression analysis was applied to investigate the associations between the health indicators and parental educational level as well as the child's living conditions. Gender, urban/rural residency and year of survey were used to control for confounding. RESULTS: Average response was 83% in East Germany and 71% in West Germany. Strong associations between health indicators and parental education were observed. Higher educated parents reported more diagnoses and symptoms than less educated. Children of higher educated parents were also more often sensitized against grass pollen or house dust mites, but had higher birth weights, lower airway resistance and were less overweight at the age of six. Furthermore, most of the health indicators were significantly associated with one or more living conditions such as living as a single child, unfavourable indoor air, damp housing condition, maternal smoking during pregnancy or living near a busy road. The total lung capacity and the prevalence of an atopic eczema at the day of investigation were the only health indicators those did not show associations with any of the predictor variables. CONCLUSION: Despite large differences in living conditions and evidence that some poor health outcomes were directly associated with poor living conditions, only few indicators demonstrated poorer health in social disadvantaged children. These were in both parts of Germany increased levels of overweight, higher airway resistance and, in East Germany only, reduced height in children with lower educated parents compared to those of higher education. In both East and West Germany, higher prevalence of airway symptoms was associated with a damp housing condition, and lower birth weight, reduced height and increased airway resistance at the age of six were associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. The latter explained to a large extent the difference in birth weight and airway resistance between the educational groups.

Published
2006

162. Neue spirometrische Referenzwerte für Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Größe und nichtlinearer Alterseffekte: Die LUNOKID-Studie

Author

Hüls, A., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Gappa, M., additional, Müller-Brandes, C., additional, Seitner-Sorge, G., additional, von Berg, A., additional, Schuster, A., additional, Beckmann, C., additional, Illi, S., additional, Wisbauer, M., additional, and Berdel, D., additional

Published
2014
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163. Advanced Glycation Endproducts im Plasma von Frauen ohne und mit gestörter Nüchternglukose: Ergebnisse aus der SALIA-Studie

Author

Teichert, T, primary, Hellwig, A, additional, Peßler, A, additional, Hellwig, M, additional, Vossoughi, M, additional, Sugiri, D, additional, Vierkötter, A, additional, Schulte, T, additional, Roden, M, additional, Hoffmann, B, additional, Schikowski, T, additional, Luckhaus, C, additional, Krämer, U, additional, Henle, T, additional, and Herder, C, additional

Published
2014
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164. Advanced glycation endproducts in plasma of women without and with impaired glucose metabolism: Results from the SALIA-study

Author

Teichert, T, primary, Hellwig, A, additional, Peßler, A, additional, Hellwig, M, additional, Vossoughi, M, additional, Sugiri, D, additional, Vierkötter, A, additional, Schulte, T, additional, Roden, M, additional, Hoffmann, B, additional, Schikowski, T, additional, Luckhaus, C, additional, Krämer, U, additional, Henle, T, additional, and Herder, C, additional

Published
2014
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166. Staphylococcus aureusenterotoxin-specific IgE is associated with asthma in the general population: a GA2LEN study

Author

Tomassen, P., primary, Jarvis, D., additional, Newson, R., additional, Van Ree, R., additional, Forsberg, B., additional, Howarth, P., additional, Janson, C., additional, Kowalski, M. L., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Matricardi, P. M., additional, Middelveld, R. J. M., additional, Todo-Bom, A., additional, Toskala, E., additional, Thilsing, T., additional, Brożek, G., additional, Van Drunen, C., additional, Burney, P., additional, and Bachert, C., additional

Published
2013
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170. Neue spirometrische Referenzwerte für Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Größe und nichtlinearer Alterseffekte: Die LUNOKID-Studie

Author

Hüls, A., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Gappa, M., additional, Müller-Brandes, C., additional, Seitner-Sorge, G., additional, von Berg, A., additional, Schuster, A., additional, Beckmann, C., additional, Illi, S., additional, Wisbauer, M., additional, and Berdel, D., additional

Published
2013
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171. Allergic manifestation 15 years after early intervention with hydrolyzed formulas - the GINI Study.

Author

Berg, A., Filipiak‐Pittroff, B., Schulz, H., Hoffmann, U., Link, E., Sußmann, M., Schnappinger, M., Brüske, I., Standl, M., Krämer, U., Hoffmann, B., Heinrich, J., Bauer, C.‐P., Koletzko, S., Berdel, D., Thiering, E., Tiesler, C., Flexeder, C., Zeller, C., and Werkstetter, K.

Subjects
HYDROLYSIS, HEALTH outcome assessment, DATA analysis, ASTHMA diagnosis, ALLERGY prevention, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Background Data on the long-term impact of hydrolyzed formulas on allergies are scarce. Objective To assess the association between early intervention with hydrolyzed formulas in high-risk children and allergic outcomes in adolescence. Methods GINI trial participants ( n = 2252) received one of four formulas in the first four months of life as breastmilk substitute if necessary: partial or extensive whey hydrolyzate ( pHF-W, eHF-W), extensive casein hydrolyzate ( eHF-C) or standard cow′s milk formula ( CMF) as reference. Associations between these formulas and the cumulative incidence and prevalence of parent-reported physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis ( AR) and eczema, as well as spirometric indices and sensitization, were examined using generalized linear models. Results Between 11 and 15 years, the prevalence of asthma was reduced in the eHF-C group compared to CMF (odds ratio ( OR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.26-0.89), which is consistent with the spirometric results. The cumulative incidence of AR was lower in eHF-C (risk ratio ( RR) 0.77, 95% CI 0.59-0.99]) and the AR prevalence in pHF-W ( OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95) and eHF-C ( OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.84). The cumulative incidence of eczema was reduced in pHF-W ( RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96) and eHF-C ( RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.77), as was the eczema prevalence between 11 and 15 years in eHF-C ( OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.79). No significant effects were found in the eHF-W group on any manifestation,nor was there an effect on sensitization with any formula. Conclusion In high-risk children, early intervention using different hydrolyzed formulas has variable preventative effects on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema up to adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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172. Die German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI) zur präventiven Wirkung von Hydrolysatnahrungen bei Kindern mit Allergierisiko. Design und ausgewählte Ergebnisse

Author

Berg, A. von, primary, Pittroff, B. Filipiak-, additional, Krämer, U., additional, Link, E., additional, Heinrich, J., additional, Koletzko, S., additional, Grübl, A., additional, Hoffmann, U., additional, Beckmann, C., additional, Reinhardt, D., additional, Bauer, C.P., additional, Wichmann, E., additional, and Berdel, D., additional

Published
2012
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174. GINIplus und LISAplus. Design und ausgewählte Ergebnisse zweier deutscher Geburtskohorten zum natürlichen Verlauf atopischer Erkrankungen sowie deren Determinanten

Author

Heinrich, J., primary, Brüske, I., additional, Cramer, C., additional, Hoffmann, U., additional, Schnappinger, M., additional, Schaaf, B., additional, Berg, A. von, additional, Berdel, D., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Lehmann, I., additional, Herbarth, O., additional, Borte, M., additional, Grübl, A., additional, Bauer, C.P., additional, Beckmann, C., additional, Behrendt, H., additional, Ring, J., additional, and Koletzko, S., additional

Published
2012
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175. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: The GA2LEN survey in Europe

Author

Jarvis, D., primary, Newson, R., additional, Lotvall, J., additional, Hastan, D., additional, Tomassen, P., additional, Keil, T., additional, Gjomarkaj, M., additional, Forsberg, B., additional, Gunnbjornsdottir, M., additional, Minov, J., additional, Brozek, G., additional, Dahlen, S. E., additional, Toskala, E., additional, Kowalski, M. L., additional, Olze, H., additional, Howarth, P., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Baelum, J., additional, Loureiro, C., additional, Kasper, L., additional, Bousquet, P. J., additional, Bousquet, J., additional, Bachert, C., additional, Fokkens, W., additional, and Burney, P., additional

Published
2011
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177. Reliability of EP3OS symptom criteria and nasal endoscopy in the assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis – a GA2LEN study

Author

Tomassen, P., primary, Newson, R. B., additional, Hoffmans, R., additional, Lötvall, J., additional, Cardell, L. O., additional, Gunnbjörnsdóttir, M., additional, Thilsing, T., additional, Matricardi, P., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Makowska, J. S., additional, Brozek, G., additional, Gjomarkaj, M., additional, Howarth, P., additional, Loureiro, C., additional, Toskala, E., additional, Fokkens, W., additional, Bachert, C., additional, Burney, P., additional, and Jarvis, D., additional

Published
2010
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178. 126 Is Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis with Hydrolysate Formulas Cost Effective? An Application of Results of the Gini-Study to the German Situation

Author

Mertens, J, primary, Stock, S, additional, Lüngen, M, additional, Von Berg, A, additional, Krämer, U, additional, Filipiak-Pittroff, B, additional, Heinrich, J, additional, Koletzko, S, additional, Grübl, A, additional, Wichmann, H -E, additional, Bauer, C -P, additional, Reinhardt, D, additional, Berdel, D, additional, and Gerber, A, additional

Published
2010
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180. Assoziationen zwischen BMI-Entwicklung und FTO-Gen sind altersabhängig. Ergebnisse der GINI und LISA Geburtskohortenstudien bis zum Alter von 6 Jahren

Author

Rzehak, P, primary, Scherag, A, additional, Grallert, H, additional, Sausenthaler, S, additional, Koletzko, S, additional, Bauer, C, additional, Schaaf, B, additional, Berg, A von, additional, Berdel, D, additional, Borte, M, additional, Herbarth, O, additional, Krämer, U, additional, Illig, T, additional, Wichmann, H, additional, and Hebebrand, J, additional

Published
2010
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181. Regional and socioeconomic differences in food, nutrient and supplement intake in school-age children in Germany. Results from the GINIplus and the LISAplus Study

Author

Standl, M, primary, Sausenthaler, S, additional, Buyken, A, additional, Rzehak, P, additional, Koletzko, S, additional, Bauer, C, additional, Schaaf, B, additional, Berg, A von, additional, Berdel, D, additional, Borte, M, additional, Herbarth, O, additional, Lehmann, I, additional, Krämer, U, additional, Wichmann, H, additional, and Heinrich, J, additional

Published
2010
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191. Einfluss von Lebensbedingungen und Verhaltensweisen auf die Entwicklung von Immunsystem und Allergien im Ost-West-Vergleich (LISA)

Author

Brockow, I., primary, Zutavern, A., additional, Franke, K., additional, Schaaf, B., additional, Berg, A., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Lehmann, I., additional, Herbarth, O., additional, Borte, M., additional, Grübl, A., additional, Bauer, C.P., additional, Wichmann, H.E., additional, and Heinrich, J., additional

Published
2007
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