1,401 results on '"Konrad C"'
Search Results
152. Plutarch Robert Lamberton
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Konrad, C. F.
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- 2005
153. Placing nasogastric tubes in stroke patients with dysphagia: efficiency and tolerability of the reflex placement
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Dziewas, R, Schilling, M, Konrad, C, Stögbauer, F, and Lüdemann, P
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- 2003
154. Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
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Konrad, C., Nabavi, D. G., Junker, R., Dziewas, R., Henningsen, H., and Stögbauer, F.
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- 2003
155. Fluorescent, Electron Microscopic, and Immunoelectrophoretic Studies of Labeled Antibodies
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Hsu, Konrad C., Rifkind, Richard A., and Zabriskie, John B.
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- 1963
156. The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and differential diagnosis in Lower Back Pain with comparison of possible methods of treatment
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Kaja Surowiecka, Michał Urbaś, Dawid Kościołek, Aleksandra Kościołek, Jakub Misiak, Martyna Kępczyk, Miłosz Ojdana, Konrad Szalbot, Konrad Czchowski, and Alicja Chrościcka
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Low Back Pain ,disc herniation ,lumbar discopathy ,radiculopathy ,sciatica ,Rehabilitation ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction and purpose Non-specific and specific lower back pain syndrome is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability and affects more than half of the population worldwide. The aim of this paper is to confront the problem of lumbar pain, possible diagnostic options, conservative and surgical opportunities with long term satisfactory rate. State of knowledge The paper reviews literature on lower back pain syndrome, sciatica, radiculopathy and lumbar disc herniation in regards to detection of the problem, classifying it and possible methods of resolvement. The WHO defines lower back pain as one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction and it focuses on reducing the occurrence by programs like WHO Rehabilitation 2030 Initiative, UN Decade of Healthy Ageing and others. The paper also focuses on non surgical options of treatment. Material and method A review of the literature available in the “PubMed” and Google Schoolar was conducted. We focused on differential diagnosis depending on clinical presentation and possible treatment methods depending on symptoms, pathogenesis of the disorder and available procedures. Summary Our review managed to present the current state of development, possible differential diagnosis, prevalence of neural compressions, sciatica and radiculopathy in different diagnostic options. By receiving multiple studies we confront varied opinions of specialists regarding the approach to lower back pain syndrome and favorable forms of care. Additionally we came to the conclusion that the difference of patients' long term satisfactory rate in regards to nonoperative and operative treatment is not significant, and flattens over the years. more...
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- 2024
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157. The frequency of coffee consumption in the Slavic population and its impact on health
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Konrad Czchowski, Aleksandra Kościołek, Jakub Misiak, Dawid Kościołek, Martyna Kępczyk, Miłosz Ojdana, Michał Urbaś, Kaja Surowiecka, Konrad Szalbot, and Mikołaj Tokarski
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Coffee ,Caffeine ,Obesity ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction and purpose: There are many articles specifying coffee's influence on the health and behavior of consumers. However, most of the studies are conducted on populations living in the United States, Western Europe or China. We did not find many studies reporting the effects of coffee consumption on the Slavic population. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of coffee consumption in this population and its impact on such health elements as insomnia, body weight, well-being, irritation, hypertension or headache. Material and method: The anonymous survey included questions about the frequency of coffee consumption and selected health effects was created and subsequently distributed through social media (Telegram platform) in August 2023. Results: We collected a total of 89 surveys. The median age of participants was 31 (IQR: 24-38). 27 individuals indicated that they do not consume coffee at all (30.34%). The rest of the group most often choose the following options: I drink it several times a day - 24 individuals (26.97%) and 26 individuals drink it once a day (29.21%). We demonstrated a correlation between the amount of coffee consumption and the frequency of insomnia (r=0.39, p=0.028). Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between coffee consumption and body weight (r=0.18, p=0.048). However, we did not find a relationship between coffee consumption and elevated or lowered mood (p>0.05). Conclusions: In the study group, the frequency of coffee consumption was higher than the global average and in some cases led to insomnia. The positive aspects of drinking coffee outweighed the side effects and lead to the conclusion that it is a safe drink in the group of surveyed Slavs. more...
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- 2024
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158. The effectiveness of traditional probiotic food. Overview of scientific reports on the quality of probiotics in fermented foods and the health benefits of their consumption
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Martyna Kępczyk, Mikołaj Tokarski, Jakub Misiak, Michał Urbaś, Dawid Kościołek, Aleksandra Kościołek, Kaja Surowiecka, Miłosz Ojdana, Konrad Szalbot, and Konrad Czchowski
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Probiotics ,Fermented Foods ,Bacteria ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction and purpose The term "probiotic" rooted in Latin, signifies 'for life,' reflecting the historical use of fermented products for therapeutic purposes. While browsing many websites devoted to healthy eating or popular science topics, we often came across the topic of probiotic food without any confirmation by scientific research. The aim of this paper is to confirm or exclude the presence of probiotics in popular foods. State of knowledge The paper reviews literature on the health benefits of various food that is traditionally considered probiotic, focusing on how they impact on varied health conditions. Defined by the WHO as living microorganisms conferring health benefits when consumed adequately, probiotics, mainly bacteria from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, play a vital role in maintaining gut microbiota balance, regulating digestion, supporting the immune system and influencing mental and cardiovascular health. In addition, the paper also searches for scientific basis for their action. Material and methods A review of the literature available in the “PubMed” and Google Schoolar was conducted. We focused on checking whether the microorganisms contained in pickled food meet the WHO criteria for probiotics. Summary Our review managed to prove the probiotic effect of almost all presented food, except for miso. By reviewing many articles, we shed a lot of uncertainty on the repeated myth about the lack of probiotic effect of cucumbers preserved in vinegar and what is more, we found scientific assumptions about the probiotic effect of vinegar itself. Fermented food contains numerous strains of bacteria that are resistant to acid, bile and temperature in the human digestive tract and can be effectively used as a source of probiotics. Additionally, compared to probiotics from the pharmacy, fermented products provide not only probiotics, but also nutritional value, valuable fiber and vitamins, benefiting to our health. more...
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- 2024
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159. The effectiveness of natural probiotics in food
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Michał Urbaś, Dawid Kościołek, Martyna Kępczyk, Aleksandra Kościołek, Kaja Surowiecka, Jakub Misiak, Miłosz Ojdana, Konrad Szalbot, Mikołaj Tokarski, and Konrad Czchowski
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probiotic ,fermented food ,pickled food ,bacteria ,gut microbiota ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction and purpose The term "probiotic" rooted in Latin, signifies 'for life,' reflecting the historical use of fermented products for therapeutic purposes. Defined by the WHO as living microorganisms conferring health benefits when consumed adequately, probiotics, mainly bacteria from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, play a vital role in maintaining gut microbiota balance, regulating digestion, supporting the immune system and influencing mental and cardiovascular health. While browsing many websites devoted to healthy eating or popular science topics, we often came across the topic of probiotic food without any confirmation by scientific research. The aim of this paper is to confirm or exclude the presence of probiotics in popular foods. Material and method In our work, we will look at individual products with an emphasis on verifying whether the microorganisms they contain meet the WHO criteria of probiotics. Results Our review managed to prove the probiotic effect of almost all presented food, except for miso. By reviewing many articles, we shed a lot of uncertainty on the repeated myth about the lack of probiotic effect of cucumbers preserved in vinegar and what is more, we found scientific assumptions about the probiotic effect of vinegar itself. Conclusion Fermented food contains numerous strains of bacteria that are resistant to acid, bile and temperature in the human digestive tract and can be effectively used as a source of probiotics. What is more, compared with probiotics from the pharmacy, pickles provide not only probiotics, but also nutritional values, valuable fiber and vitamins. They seem to be a versatile supplement for our health. more...
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- 2024
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160. The Praetorship in the Roman Republic T. Corey Brennan
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Konrad, C. F.
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- 2003
161. Report and preliminary results of R/V POSEIDON cruise POS508, Las Palmas (Canary Islands) – Las Palmas (Canary Islands), 22.01.2017 – 06.02.2017
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Iversen, M. H., Flintrop, C., Grotheer, H., Hildebrandt, N., Kattein, L., Klann, M., Konrad, C., Meinecke, G., Ruhland, G., and Van der Jagt, H.
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- 2018
162. Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection
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Bradley, Konrad C., primary, Finsterbusch, Katja, additional, Schnepf, Daniel, additional, Crotta, Stefania, additional, Llorian, Miriam, additional, Davidson, Sophia, additional, Fuchs, Serge Y., additional, Staeheli, Peter, additional, and Wack, Andreas, additional more...
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- 2019
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163. English Law and Tadeusz Czacki: Analysis of References to English Legal Sources in Czacki’s Opus Magnum
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Konrad Cimachowicz and Łukasz Jan Korporowicz
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old polish law ,english law ,legal treaties ,legal history ,Law ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
Tadeusz Czacki was one of the key figures who participated in the great scholarly discussions about the history, sources of development, and the position of Roman law in old Polish law. The discussion initiated by Czacki and Jan Wincenty Bandtkie in the early years of the nineteenth century lasted for many decades. Its consequences are still present today in modern Polish legal history scholarship. Although Czacki was an author of several legal treatises, most of his pivotal concepts regarding the above-mentioned issues were presented by him in his opus magnum, i.e. O litewskich i polskich prawach, published for the very first time in 1800. Czacki is well known as a self-educated scholar who referred to numerous works, both Polish and foreign. However, the objective of this article is to analyse Czacki’s knowledge and the use of English sources. During the Enlightenment, some Polish intellectuals became fascinated by English culture, politics, and the legal system. The impact of English law, however, has never been analysed in the context of Czacki’s work. The purpose of this article is to fill that gap. more...
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- 2023
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164. Psychische Erkrankungen haben weltweit zugenommen
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Konrad, C.
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- 2014
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165. Report and preliminary results of R/V POSEIDON cruise POS495, Las Palmas (Canary Islands) - Las Palmas (Canary Islands), 18.02.2016 - 02.03.2016
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Fischer, Gerhard, Bouksri, G., Dia, A., Flintrop, C., Hüttich, D., Iversen, M., Klann, M., Konrad, C., Park, E., Ruhland, G., Van der Jagt, H., Bouskri, G., Dia, A., Flintrop, C., Hüttich, D., Iversen, M., Klann, M., Konrad, C., Park, E., Ruhland, G., and Van der Jagt, H. more...
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550 Earth sciences and geology ,ddc:550 ,14. Life underwater ,ddc:DDC ,DDC - Abstract
Berichte, MARUM – Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen No 310
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- 2016
166. Postoperative Qualitätsanalyse bei Kindern: Schmerz sowie postoperative Übelkeit und Erbrechen
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Balga, I., Konrad, C., Meissner, W., Balga, I., Konrad, C., and Meissner, W.
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Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Zur Evaluation des postoperativen Behandlungskonzepts beteiligt sich das Kinderspital Luzern am Projekt für Qualitätsanalyse in PONV ("postoperative nausea and vomiting", postoperative Übelkeit und Erbrechen) und Schmerzen bei Kindern (QUIPSi; i: "infants"). Erste Resultate und eine Möglichkeit der postoperativen Qualitätsanalyse bei Kindern werden dargestellt. Dabei waren zentrale Fragen entscheidend: Ist das hausinterne postoperative Behandlungskonzept adäquat genug, und ist QUIPSi ein hilfreiches postoperatives Qualitätsevaluationsprojekt? Material und Methoden: Innerhalb von 1,5Jahren wurden 460Kinder im Alter von 4 bis 17Jahren bezüglich Schmerzen, Wunsch nach mehr Schmerzmitteln, Schmerzmitteldosis und PONV am 1.postoperativen Tag mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die teilnehmenden Kinder ließen sich in 5 ambulante Operationsgruppen (Hernie, Knochen, Metallentfernung, Penis, Weichteil) und 9 stationäre (Appendektomie, Knochen, Metallentfernung, Orchidopexie, Kombinationsoperation: Orchidopexie und Hernienoperation oder Zirkumzision, Otoplastik, Tonsillektomie, Trichterbrustoperation, Weichteil) einteilen. Folgende Operationsgruppen gaben insuffizient behandelte Maximalschmerzen (Skala nach Hicks 0-10) und/oder den Wunsch nach mehr Schmerzmitteln an: ambulant versorgte Kinder: Zirkumzision 5,1/19 %, stationär versorgte Kinder: Appendektomie 6,5/43 %, Tonsillektomie 6,4/32 %, Trichterbrustoperation 7,7/33 %, Orchidopexie 4,2/19,4 % und Otoplastik 3,1/22,2 %. Die Ursachen hierfür waren ungenügende postoperative Schmerzmittelverabreichung trotz der maximal verordneten Tagesdosis sowie wahrscheinlich verspätete Verabreichung der Schmerzmittel. Die Inzidenz des PONV fiel bei stationär behandelten Kindern (Übelkeit 14-50 %/Erbrechen 0-37 %) höher aus als bei ambulant versorgten Kindern (Übelkeit 0-29 %/Erbrechen 3-17 %). Schlussfolgerung: Besonders die Kinder mit dem Wunsch nach mehr Schmerzmitteln sowie ei more...
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- 2018
167. Mutations in Exon 3 of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Segregating in a Family with Hypertriglyceridemia, Pancreatitis, and Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes
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Wilson, Dana E., Hata, Akira, Kwong, Linda K., Lingam, Arunth, Shuhua, Joan, Ridinger, David N., Yeager, Chris, Kaltenborn, Konrad C., Iverius, Per-Henrik, and Lalouel, Jean-Marc.
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- 1993
168. Improving the Wear Resistance of High Chromium Cast Iron through High Entropy Alloys Concepts and Microstructure Refinement
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Willian Martins Pasini, Leonardo Pereira, Adam Bitka, Konrad Chrzan, Waclaw Oleksy, Krzysztof Jaśkowiec, Tomasz Polczyk, Wojciech Polkowski, Tomasz Dudziak, Carlos Alexandre dos Santos, and Vinicius Karlinski de Barcellos more...
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high entropy alloys ,high chromium cast irons ,solidification ,microstructures ,wear resistance ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) has demonstrated its effectiveness as a potential material for applications in severe environments due to its remarkable wear resistance attributed to the volumetric fraction of carbides in the microstructure. This study investigates a novel high-alloyed composition of white cast iron named High Entropy White Cast Iron (HEWCI), which merges the concepts of HCCI and high entropy alloys. Specifically designed chemical compositions incorporating Vanadium (V), Molybdenum (Mo), and Nickel (Ni) were employed to enhance its wear resistance properties. The solidification path, microstructural characterization, and wear responses of HEWCI were evaluated. XRD and SEM techniques were carried out for characterization purposes. Linearly reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding wear tests were conducted using a high-frequency reciprocation rig (HFRR) tribometer, assessing wear volume, linear wear rate, specific wear rate (κ), and coefficient of friction (COF). The results revealed microstructural refinement and precipitation of new carbides through V, Ni, and Mo additions. This approach demonstrates that adding carbide-forming elements and refining the microstructure are promising strategies for enhancing wear performance in HEWCI alloys. more...
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- 2023
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169. Periaqueductal/periventricular gray deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic facial pain
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Victor Mandat, Pawel R. Zdunek, Bartosz Krolicki, Krzysztof Szalecki, Henryk M. Koziara, Konrad Ciecierski, and Tomasz S. Mandat
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periaqueductal gray ,periventricular gray ,deep brain stimulation ,neuropathic pain ,face ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
BackgroundThe Periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the periventricular gray (PVG) are the anatomical targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat severe, refractory neuropathic pain.MethodsSeven (four female and three male) patients were qualified for PAG/PVG DBS because of neuropathic facial pain. Frame-based unilateral implantations of DBS were conducted according to indirect planning of the PAG/PVG, contralateral to reported pain (3389, Activa SC 37603, Medtronic). The efficacy of PAG/PVG DBS on pain was measured with Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) before surgery and 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery.ResultsThe mean age of the group at the implantation was 43.7 years (range: 28–62; SD: 12.13). The mean duration of pain varied from 2 to 12 years (mean: 7.3; SD: 4.11). Five patients suffered from left-sided facial pain and two suffered right-sided facial pain. The etiology of pain among four patients was connected to ischemic brain stroke and in one patient to cerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Patients did not suffer from any other chronic medical condition The beginnings of ailments among two patients were related to craniofacial injury. NRS decreased by 54% at the 3 months follow-up. The efficacy of the treatment measured with mean NRS decreased at one-year follow-up to 48% and to 45% at 24 months follow-up. The efficacy of the treatment measured with NPSI decreased from 0.27 to 0.17 at 2 years follow-up (mean reduction by 38%). The most significant improvement was recorded in the first section of NPSI (Q1: burning- reduced by 53%). The records of the last section (number five) of the NPSI (paresthesia/dysesthesia- Q11/Q12) have shown aggravation of those symptoms by 10% at the two-years follow-up. No surgery- or hardware-related complications were reported in the group. Transient adverse effects related to the stimulation were eliminated during the programming sessions.ConclusionPAG/PVG DBS is an effective and safe method of treatment of medically refractory neuropathic facial pain. The effectiveness of the treatment tends to decrease at 2 years follow-up. The clinical symptoms which tend to respond the best is burning pain. Symptoms like paresthesia and dysesthesia might increase after DBS treatment, even without active stimulation. more...
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- 2023
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170. Internal genes of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus determine high viral replication in myeloid cells and severe outcome of infection in mice
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Lorian C. Hartgroves, Rebecca Frise, Jason S. Long, Wendy S. Barclay, Holly Shelton, Hui Li, Bin Cao, Spyridon Makris, Konrad C. Bradley, Jonathan W. Ashcroft, and Cecilia Johansson
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0301 basic medicine ,RNA viruses ,Genes, Viral ,Physiology ,viruses ,medicine.disease_cause ,Recombinant virus ,Virus Replication ,Severity of Illness Index ,Epithelium ,Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ,Mice ,Animal Cells ,1108 Medical Microbiology ,Zoonoses ,Immune Physiology ,Influenza A virus ,Myeloid Cells ,Biology (General) ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Cells, Cultured ,Mice, Knockout ,Innate Immune System ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,virus diseases ,H5N1 ,Medical microbiology ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,1107 Immunology ,Viruses ,Cytokines ,Female ,Pathogens ,Cellular Types ,Anatomy ,Viral load ,Research Article ,0605 Microbiology ,QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Virology ,Reassortant Viruses ,Influenza, Human ,Genetics ,medicine ,Influenza viruses ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Medicine and health sciences ,Biology and life sciences ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,RC581-607 ,Molecular Development ,medicine.disease ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Viral Replication ,Immunity, Innate ,Microbial pathogens ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Biological Tissue ,HEK293 Cells ,Viral replication ,A549 Cells ,Immune System ,Parasitology ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Cytokine storm ,Orthomyxoviruses ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 influenza virus has been a public health concern for more than a decade because of its frequent zoonoses and the high case fatality rate associated with human infections. Severe disease following H5N1 influenza infection is often associated with dysregulated host innate immune response also known as cytokine storm but the virological and cellular basis of these responses has not been clearly described. We rescued a series of 6:2 reassortant viruses that combined a PR8 HA/NA pairing with the internal gene segments from human adapted H1N1, H3N2, or avian H5N1 viruses and found that mice infected with the virus with H5N1 internal genes suffered severe weight loss associated with increased lung cytokines but not high viral load. This phenotype did not map to the NS gene segment, and NS1 protein of H5N1 virus functioned as a type I IFN antagonist as efficient as NS1 of H1N1 or H3N2 viruses. Instead we discovered that the internal genes of H5N1 virus supported a much higher level of replication of viral RNAs in myeloid cells in vitro, but not in epithelial cells and that this was associated with high induction of type I IFN in myeloid cells. We also found that in vivo during H5N1 recombinant virus infection cells of haematopoetic origin were infected and produced type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together our data infer that human and avian influenza viruses are differently controlled by host factors in alternative cell types; internal gene segments of avian H5N1 virus uniquely drove high viral replication in myeloid cells, which triggered an excessive cytokine production, resulting in severe immunopathology., Author summary Some avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, cause severe disease in humans and in experimental animal models associated with excessive cytokine production. We aimed to understand the virological mechanism behind the cytokine storm, and particularly the contribution of internal gene segments that encode the viral polymerase and the non-structural proteins, since these might be retained in a pandemic virus. We found that the internal genes from an H5N1 avian influenza virus allowed virus to replicate to strikingly higher levels in myeloid cells compared to internal genes of human adapted strains. The higher viral RNA levels did not lead to higher viral load but drove excessive cytokine production and more severe outcome in infected mice. The remarkable difference in viral replication in myeloid cells was not observed in lung epithelial cells, suggesting that cell type specific differences in host factors were responsible. Understanding the molecular basis of excessive viral replication in myeloid cells may guide future therapeutic options for viruses that have recently crossed into humans from birds. more...
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- 2017
171. Bedrock geology of DFDP-2B, central Alpine Fault, New Zealand
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Toy, Virginia Gail, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Allen, Michael J, Becroft, Leeza, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Carpenter, Brett, Cooper, Alan, Cox, Simon C, Daube, Christopher, Faulkner, Daniel R, Halfpenny, Angela, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Stephen, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Little, Timothy, Mariani, Elisabetta, Melosh, Benjamin, Menzies, Catriona D, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Norris, Richard, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Schleicher, Anja M, Shigematsu, Norio, Teagle, Damon AH, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Williams, Jack, Yeo, Samantha, Baratin, Laura-May, Barth, Nicolas, Benson, Adrian, Boese, Carolin, Celerier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum J, Conze, Ronald, Coussens, Jamie, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai-Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Jeppson, Tamara, Langridge, Robert, Mallyon, Deirdre, Marx, Ray, Massiot, Cecile, Mathewson, Loren, Moore, Josephine, Nishikawa, Osamu, Pooley, Brent, Pyne, Alex, Savage, Martha K, Schmitt, Doug, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Upton, Phaedra, Weaver, Konrad C, Wiersberg, Thomas, Zimmer, Martin, Team, DFDP-2 Sci, Géosciences Montpellier, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Lithology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Borehole ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,ddc:550 ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,mylonite ,Petrology ,Geomorphology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cataclasite ,Bedrock ,Scientific drilling ,Schist ,Geology ,Geophysics ,Shear (geology) ,Alpine Fault ,Institut für Geowissenschaften ,cataclasite ,scientific drilling ,Mylonite ,New Zealand - Abstract
During the second phase of the Alpine Fault, Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) in the Whataroa River, South Westland, New Zealand, bedrock was encountered in the DFDP-2B borehole from 238.5–893.2 m Measured Depth (MD). Continuous sampling and meso- to microscale characterisation of whole rock cuttings established that, in sequence, the borehole sampled amphibolite facies, Torlesse Composite Terrane-derived schists, protomylonites and mylonites, terminating 200–400 m above an Alpine Fault Principal Slip Zone (PSZ) with a maximum dip of 62°. The most diagnostic structural features of increasing PSZ proximity were the occurrence of shear bands and reduction in mean quartz grain sizes. A change in composition to greater mica:quartz + feldspar, most markedly below c. 700 m MD, is inferred to result from either heterogeneous sampling or a change in lithology related to alteration. Major oxide variations suggest the fault-proximal Alpine Fault alteration zone, as previously defined in DFDP-1 core, was not sampled. more...
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- 2017
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172. Support Vector Machine Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Interoception Does Not Reliably Predict Individual Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
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Sundermann, B. (Benedikt), Bode, J. (Jens), Lüken, U. (Ulrike), Westphal, D. (Dorte), Gerlach, A. (Alexander), Straube, B. (Benjamin), Wittchen, H. (Hans-Ulrich), Ströhle, A. (Andreas), Wittmann, A. (André), Konrad, C. (Carsten), Kircher, T. (Tilo), Arold, V. (Volker), Pfleiderer, B. (Bettina), and Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster more...
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Psychiatry ,diagnostic classification ,interoception ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,functional magnetic resonance imaging ,support vector machines ,cognitive behavioral therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,machine learning ,Medicine and health ,agoraphobia ,ddc:610 ,panic disorder - Abstract
Background The approach to apply multivariate pattern analyses based on neuro imaging data for outcome prediction holds out the prospect to improve therapeutic decisions in mental disorders. Patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG) often exhibit an increased perception of bodily sensations. The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether multivariate classification applied to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) interoception paradigm can predict individual responses to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD/AG. Methods This analysis is based on pretreatment fMRI data during an interoceptive challenge from a multicenter trial of the German PANIC-NET. Patients with DSM-IV PD/AG were dichotomized as responders (n = 30) or non-responders (n = 29) based on the primary outcome (Hamilton Anxiety Scale Reduction ≥50%) after 6 weeks of CBT (2 h/week). fMRI parametric maps were used as features for response classification with linear support vector machines (SVM) with or without automated feature selection. Predictive accuracies were assessed using cross validation and permutation testing. The influence of methodological parameters and the predictive ability for specific interoception-related symptom reduction were further evaluated. Results SVM did not reach sufficient overall predictive accuracies (38.0–54.2%) for anxiety reduction in the primary outcome. In the exploratory analyses, better accuracies (66.7%) were achieved for predicting interoception-specific symptom relief as an alternative outcome domain. Subtle information regarding this alternative response criterion but not the primary outcome was revealed by post hoc univariate comparisons. Conclusion In contrast to reports on other neurofunctional probes, SVM based on an interoception paradigm was not able to reliably predict individual response to CBT. Results speak against the clinical applicability of this technique. more...
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- 2017
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173. Quality Improvement Intervention for Reduction of Redundant Testing
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Marney Treese, Peter L. Perrotta, Dustin M. Long, Mary Warden, Danyel H. Tacker, Kevin Halbritter, Barbara S. Ducatman, Owen Lander, Konrad C. Nau, Eric Glass, Kelly Pennington, Jeffrey A. Stead, Conard Failinger, Lauren Cianciaruso, Alan M. Ducatman, Hannah Lawther, and Ronald Pellegrino more...
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,Psychological intervention ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,quality improvement ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,medicine ,patient safety ,lcsh:Pathology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,interrupted time series analysis ,pathologists ,creatine kinase MB form ,biology ,decision support techniques ,business.industry ,Regular Article ,Peer leadership ,3. Good health ,Discontinuation ,myocardial infarction ,Emergency medicine ,biology.protein ,Physical therapy ,Creatine kinase ,business ,Peer education ,lcsh:RB1-214 - Abstract
Laboratory data are critical to analyzing and improving clinical quality. In the setting of residual use of creatine kinase M and B isoenzyme testing for myocardial infarction, we assessed disease outcomes of discordant creatine kinase M and B isoenzyme +/troponin I (−) test pairs in order to address anticipated clinician concerns about potential loss of case-finding sensitivity following proposed discontinuation of routine creatine kinase and creatine kinase M and B isoenzyme testing. Time-sequenced interventions were introduced. The main outcome was the percentage of cardiac marker studies performed within guidelines. Nonguideline orders dominated at baseline. Creatine kinase M and B isoenzyme testing in 7496 order sets failed to detect additional myocardial infarctions but was associated with 42 potentially preventable admissions/quarter. Interruptive computerized soft stops improved guideline compliance from 32.3% to 58% ( P < .001) in services not receiving peer leader intervention and to >80% ( P < .001) with peer leadership that featured dashboard feedback about test order performance. This successful experience was recapitulated in interrupted time series within 2 additional services within facility 1 and then in 2 external hospitals (including a critical access facility). Improvements have been sustained postintervention. Laboratory cost savings at the academic facility were estimated to be ≥US$635 000 per year. National collaborative data indicated that facility 1 improved its order patterns from fourth to first quartile compared to peer norms and imply that nonguideline orders persist elsewhere. This example illustrates how pathologists can provide leadership in assisting clinicians in changing laboratory ordering practices. We found that clinicians respond to local laboratory data about their own test performance and that evidence suggesting harm is more compelling to clinicians than evidence of cost savings. Our experience indicates that interventions done at an academic facility can be readily instituted by private practitioners at external facilities. The intervention data also supplement existing literature that electronic order interruptions are more successful when combined with modalities that rely on peer education combined with dashboard feedback about laboratory order performance. The findings may have implications for the role of the pathology laboratory in the ongoing pivot from quantity-based to value-based health care. more...
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- 2017
174. An investigation into the stability of the big-five in Germany
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Schäfer, Konrad C.
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Big-Five ,C18 ,Non-cognitive skills ,Germany ,ddc:330 ,J3 ,personality traits ,wages - Abstract
This paper investigates the stability of the Big-Five personality traits based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from 2005, 2009, and 2013. The results indicate that the population means only show little variance over the eight year time frame. There is no link between age and mean-levels, and only minor changes of the mean-levels of the Big-Five over time for the working age population (25-64 years of age) in Germany. However, there are intra-individual changes which can partly be explained by adverse life events. They impact the Big-Five traits and thereby contradict the general finding of stability of the traits in the literature. Exploratory fixed effects wage estimations that exploit the intra-individual changes in the Big-Five find no significant effects for men but positive effects of agreeableness and conscientiousness on women's wages. more...
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- 2017
175. Comparing brain activation across groups with different motor abilities
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Konrad, C., Henningsen, H., Jansen, A., and Knecht, S.
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- 2006
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176. Internal genes of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus determine high viral replication in myeloid cells and severe outcome of infection in mice
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Li, Hui, primary, Bradley, Konrad C., additional, Long, Jason S., additional, Frise, Rebecca, additional, Ashcroft, Jonathan W., additional, Hartgroves, Lorian C., additional, Shelton, Holly, additional, Makris, Spyridon, additional, Johansson, Cecilia, additional, Cao, Bin, additional, and Barclay, Wendy S., additional more...
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- 2018
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177. Livy Book 10
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Konrad, C. F.
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- 2007
178. The spatial, temporal and structural approach to interregional tourism inflows’ sustainability – on the example of four Erasmus+ SPOT project case study regions
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Marcin Mazur, Konrad Czapiewski, and Denis Cerić
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tourist flows ,spatial concentration of tourists ,weighted intensity of tourism ,piemonte ,innlandet ,łódzkie ,centro ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Based on produced regional data on tourism arrivals across 297 NUTS2 regions of the EU and EFTA countries covering the temporal scope of 2010–2018, the spatial concentration of tourist inflow in Europe, average annual dynamics of tourist inflow between 2010–2018, and a relative position of the tourist branch of the economy in a given region has been determined. An attempt was made to present a typology of regions according to the weighted intensity and spatial concentration of tourist inflow. Special attention has been given to SPOT project case study regions: Piemonte in Italy, Innlandet in Norway, Łódzkie in Poland, and Centro in Portugal. more...
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- 2022
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179. IMPACT OF THE LOCATIONS OF SMALL TOWNS IN MAZOVIA (POLAND) ON THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND ON THEIR ROLE IN RELATION TO THE NEIGHBORING RURAL AREAS
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Jerzy BAŃSKI, Konrad CZAPIEWSKI, and Magdalena GÓRCZYŃSKA
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small towns ,mazovia ,poland ,socio-economic structure ,agglomeration ,peripheries ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 - Abstract
This paper centers on the smallest towns (with populations below 10 000 inhabitants) in Mazovia region, Poland. What is mainly involved in the paper is an indicating of differences or regularities characterising the functional structures of small towns, and the roles they play in respect of the surrounding areas – in relation to their geographical location. The subjects of the detailed study were 10 localities in Mazovia: Serock, Radzymin, O?arów Mazowiecki, Pilawa and Skaryszew – all located in the vicinity of a large agglomeration; and ?osice, Ró?an, Przysucha, Lipsko and Chorzele, in peripheral locations. Small peripheral towns have much more important functions to supply to the rural areas surrounding them than the agglomerated towns. Unfortunately, they are losing internal potential and they are characterised by unfavourable demographic processes. In turn, the small towns located within the wider surroundings of the agglomerations have been experiencing population growth. more...
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- 2022
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180. 'Domitius Calvisius' in Plutarch
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Konrad, C. F.
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- 1994
181. Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group
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Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), Veltman, D.J. (Dick), Schmaal, L. (L.), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Sämann, P.G. (Philipp), Hall, G.B. (Garry), Baune, B.T., Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Cheung, J.W. (J. W.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Bos, D. (Daniel), Ikram, M.K. (Kamran), Vernooij, M.W. (Meike), Niessen, W.J. (Wiro), Tiemeier, H.W. (Henning), Hofman, A. (Albert), Wittfeld, K. (Katharina), Grabe, H.J. (Hans Jörgen), Janowitz, D. (Deborah), Bülow, R. (R.), Selonke, M. (M.), Völzke, H. (Henry), Grotegerd, D. (D.), Dannlowski, U. (U.), Arolt, V. (Volker), Opel, N. (N.), Heindel, W. (W.), Kugel, H. (H.), Hoehn, D. (David), Czisch, M. (Michael), Couvy-Duchesne, B. (Baptiste), Rentería, M.E. (Miguel), Strike, L.T. (Lachlan), Wright, M.J. (Margaret), Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. (Greig) de, Mcmahon, K.L. (Katie), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Gillespie, N.A. (N. A.), Goya-Maldonado, R., Gruber, O. (Oliver), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Hatton, W., Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Carballedo, A., Frey, E.M., Van Velzen, L.S., Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Tol, M.J.D. (Marie-José) van, Wee, N.J. (Nic) van der, Davey, C.G. (Christopher), Harrison, B.J. (B. J.), Mwangi, B. (Benson), Cao, B. (B.), Soares, J.C. (J. C.), Veer, I.M. (Ilya), Walter, H.J. (Henrik), Schoepf, D., Zurowski, B., Konrad, C. (C.), Schramm, E. (E.), Normann, C., Schnell, K. (Kerry), Sacchet, M.D. (M. D.), Gotlib, I.H. (I. H.), MacQueen, G.M. (Glenda), Godlewska, B. (Beata), Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Papmeyer, M. (Martina), Whalley, H.C. (H. C.), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Sussmann, J. (Jessika), Li, M. (M.), Walter, M. (M.), Aftanas, L. (L.), Brack, I. (I.), Bokhan, N.A. (N. A.), Thompson, P.M. (Paul), and Veltman, D.J. (Dick) more...
- Abstract
The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life. more...
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- 2017
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182. Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression
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Frodl, T, Janowitz, D, Schmaal, L, Tozzi, L, Dobrowolny, H, Stein, DJ, Veltman, DJ, Wittfeld, K, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Grotegerd, D, Arolt, V, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Dannlowski, U, Grabe, HJ, Frodl, T, Janowitz, D, Schmaal, L, Tozzi, L, Dobrowolny, H, Stein, DJ, Veltman, DJ, Wittfeld, K, van Erp, TGM, Jahanshad, N, Block, A, Hegenscheid, K, Voelzke, H, Lagopoulos, J, Hatton, SN, Hickie, IB, Frey, EM, Carballedo, A, Brooks, SJ, Vuletic, D, Uhlmann, A, Veer, IM, Walter, H, Schnell, K, Grotegerd, D, Arolt, V, Kugel, H, Schramm, E, Konrad, C, Zurowski, B, Baune, BT, van der Wee, NJA, van Tol, M-J, Penninx, BWJH, Thompson, PM, Hibar, DP, Dannlowski, U, and Grabe, HJ more...
- Abstract
Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. more...
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- 2017
183. Effects on coagulation of balanced (130/0.42) and non-balanced (130/0.4) hydroxyethyl starch or gelatin compared with balanced Ringer's solution: an in vitro study using two different viscoelastic coagulation tests ROTEM™ and SONOCLOT™†
- Author
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Casutt, M., Kristoffy, A., Schuepfer, G., Spahn, D. R., Konrad, C., Casutt, M., Kristoffy, A., Schuepfer, G., Spahn, D. R., and Konrad, C.
- Abstract
Background Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions compromise blood coagulation. Low molecular weight, low-substituted HES products, and electrolyte-balanced solutions might reduce this effect. We compared the effects of in vitro haemodilution on blood coagulation with a balanced 6% HES 130/0.42 solution (HESBAL), a saline-based 6% HES 130/0.4 solution (HESSAL), a balanced lactated Ringer's solution (RL) and a saline-based 4% gelatin solution (GEL). Methods Blood was obtained from 10 healthy male volunteers and diluted with the test solutions by 33% and 66%. Quality of clot formation was measured using two viscoelastic coagulation tests: SONOCLOT™ and activated rotation thromboelastometry ROTEM™. Results Of 16 parameters measured by the viscoelastic devices, we found three statistically significant differences compared with baseline for RL, but 11 for GEL, 10 for HESSAL, and 11 for HESBAL in the 33% haemodilution group (P=0.01). Comparing the different solutions, we observed a significant difference between crystalloids and colloids but none between GEL and HES. In the 66% dilution group, effects on blood coagulation were increased when compared with the 33% dilution group. We found no differences in coagulation impairment between balanced and non-balanced HES products and no differences in the detection of impaired blood coagulation due to haemodilution between the two viscoelastic coagulation tests. Conclusions Both ROTEM™ and SONOCLOT™ are sensitive tests for the detection of impaired blood coagulation due to haemodilution. There are fewer effects on blood coagulation using crystalloids compared with colloids. The effects of GEL and HES are similar. There is no difference between balanced HES 130/0.42 and non-balanced HES 130/0.4 more...
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- 2017
184. Adenylate Cyclase Regulation and ß-Adrenergic Receptors in Guinea-Pig Myocardial Tissue
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Glossmann, H., Struck, C. J., Konrad, C., Krawietz, W., Poppert, D., Erdmann, E., Veil, L.-B., Riecker, G., editor, Weber, A., editor, Goodwin, J. F., editor, Bolte, H.-D., editor, Lüderitz, B., editor, Strauer, B. E., editor, and Erdmann, E., editor more...
- Published
- 1977
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185. Cholinergic Neuropsychopharmacology and Neuropathology of Dementias
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Retz, Konrad C., Lal, Harbans, Singh, Man Mohan, editor, Warburton, David M., editor, and Lal, Harbans, editor
- Published
- 1985
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186. The Visual Culture of the Selfie from the Perspective of ‘Visual Identity’
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Konrad Chmielecki
- Subjects
visual culture ,contemporary art ,the selfie ,visual identity ,the biopower concept ,the docile bodies ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
The essay attempts to outline the issues of the visual culture of the selfie from the perspective of “visual identity” that has referred to contemporary art. In this paper, I analyze examples of the following artworks: The Reincarnation of Saint ORLAN by the French artist ORLAN, the Bodies© INCorporated website, designed by Victoria Vesna, The Little Revenge from the Periphery by José Bedia Valdés, The Chief: He Who Sold Africa to the Colonists and Autoportraits by Samuel Fosso. In addition, this paper is focused on an analysis of the “biopower” concept which refers to Michel Foucault’s “docile bodies.” This concept is based on the neoliberal power process over the production of living beings and exercising control over them is an updating of the development of political, democratic, and economic institutions, as well as information and biocybernetic technologies. The “docile bodies” concept strengthens the conviction of the bodies must become the object of biopower interventions for the “perfect body” concept to act upon the strictly defined appearance of the body consistent with the standards and norms of “beauty” adopted by visual culture. In this situation, the selfie and photographic images produce homogeneous images, which function as “ideological texts” making our “visual identity” and self-image. This concept is given a lot of considerable space in this paper because the selfie can be regarded as an “personality identity” shaping the visual appearance of our bodies. In the essay’s conclusion, I claim that the visual culture of the selfie seems to be an aesthetic phenomenon shaped by a visual medium such as digital photography. However, photography does not is the key medium of the selfie. My analyses were aimed at showing that this role plays an “image,” no matter how it can be understood. more...
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- 2023
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187. Size matters; but so does what you do with it! Response
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Schmaal, L., Veltman, D. J., van Erp, T. G. M., Saemann, P. G., Frodl, T., Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E., Vernooij, M. W., Niessen, W. J., Ikram, M. A., Wittfeld, K., Grabe, H. J., Block, A., Hegenscheid, K., Hoehn, D., Czisch, M., Lagopoulos, J., Hatton, S. N., Hickie, I. B., Goya-Maldonado, R., Kraemer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Renteria, M. E., Strike, L. T., Wright, M. J., de Zubicaray, G. I., McMahon, K. L., Medland, S. E., Gillespie, N. A., Hall, G. B., van Velzen, L. S., van Tol, M-J, van der Wee, N. J., Veer, I. M., Walter, H., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., McIntosh, A. M., Whalley, H. C., Sussmann, J. E., Godlewska, B. R., Fischer, F. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Thompson, P. M., Hibar, D. P., Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, and Anatomy and neurosciences more...
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- 2016
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188. Response to: Size matters; but so does what you do with it!
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Schmaal, L., Veltman, D.J., van Erp, T. G. M., Saemann, P. G., Frodl, T., Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E., Vernooij, M. W., Niessen, W. J., Ikram, M. A., Wittfeld, K., Grabe, H. J., Block, A., Hegenscheid, K., Hoehn, D., Czisch, M., Lagopoulos, J., Hatton, S. N., Hickie, I. B., Goya-Maldonado, R., Kraemer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Renteria, M. E., Strike, L. T., Wright, M. J., de Zubicaray, G. I., McMahon, K. L., Medland, S. E., Gillespie, N. A., Hall, G B, van Velzen, L. S., van Tol, M-J., van der Wee, N. J., Veer, I. M., Walter, H., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., McIntosh, A. M., Whalley, H. C., Sussmann, J. E., Godlewska, B. R., Fischer, F. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Thompson, P. M., Hibar, D. P., Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP) more...
- Subjects
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER ,HISTORY ,EARLY-ONSET ,ANXIETY - Published
- 2016
189. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group
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Schmaal, L., Veltman, D.J., Erp, T.G.M. van, Samann, P.G., Frodl, T., Jahanshad, N., Loehrer, E., Tiemeier, H., Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J., Vernooij, M.W., Ikram, M.A., Wittfeld, K., Grabe, H.J., Block, A., Hegenscheid, K., Volzke, H., Hoehn, D., Czisch, M., Lagopoulos, J., Hatton, S.N., Hickie, I.B., Goya-Maldonado, R., Kramer, B., Gruber, O., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Renteria, M.E., Strike, L.T., Mills, N.T., Zubicaray, G.I. de, McMahon, K.L., Medland, S.E., Martin, N.G., Gillespie, N.A., Wright, M.J., Hall, G.B., MacQueen, G.M., Frey, E.M., Carballedo, A., Velzen, L.S. van, Tol, M.J. van, Wee, N.J. van der, Veer, I.M., Walter, H., Schnell, K., Schramm, E., Normann, C., Schoepf, D., Konrad, C., Zurowski, B., Nickson, T., McIntosh, A.M., Papmeyer, M., Whalley, H.C., Sussmann, J.E., Godlewska, B.R., Cowen, P.J., Fischer, F.H., Rose, M., Penninx, B.W.J.H., Thompson, P.M., Hibar, D.P., ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder W, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Anatomy and neurosciences, Epidemiology, Medical Informatics, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, and Erasmus MC other more...
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Male ,STRESS ,hippocampus ,SEGMENTATION ,Hippocampus ,UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Lateral ventricles ,0302 clinical medicine ,pathology [Brain] ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Letter to the Editor ,First episode ,Psychiatry ,pathology [Depressive Disorder, Major] ,ENIGMA consortium ,ABNORMALITIES ,Depression ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,Biological Sciences ,Serious Mental Illness ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,3. Good health ,AMYGDALA VOLUME ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,structural volumes ,Mental Health ,VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY ,Neurological ,Cardiology ,Major depressive disorder ,Biomedical Imaging ,ONSET DEPRESSION ,Original Article ,Female ,Psychology ,methods [Neuroimaging] ,Clinical psychology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Major Depressive Disorder ,HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME ,Neuroimaging ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Clinical Research ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Subcortical brain alterations ,depressive disorder ,ENIGMA ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,ddc:610 ,Molecular Biology ,METAANALYSIS ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Depressive Disorder ,Brain morphometry ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Major ,Voxel-based morphometry ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Brain Disorders ,meta-analysis ,pathology [Hippocampus] ,Case-Control Studies ,Age of onset ,MATTER ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies resulting in limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics and brain morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients and 7199 controls from 15 research samples worldwide, to identify subcortical brain volumes that robustly discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls. Relative to controls, patients had significantly lower hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.14, % difference=-1.24). This effect was driven by patients with recurrent MDD (Cohen's d=-0.17, % difference=-1.44), and we detected no differences between first episode patients and controls. Age of onset ⩽21 was associated with a smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.20, % difference=-1.85) and a trend toward smaller amygdala (Cohen's d=-0.11, % difference=-1.23) and larger lateral ventricles (Cohen's d=0.12, % difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion was not associated with any regional brain volumes. Sample characteristics such as mean age, proportion of antidepressant users and proportion of remitted patients, and methodological characteristics did not significantly moderate alterations in brain volumes in MDD. Samples with a higher proportion of antipsychotic medication users showed larger caudate volumes in MDD patients compared with controls. This currently largest worldwide effort to identify subcortical brain alterations showed robust smaller hippocampal volumes in MDD patients, moderated by age of onset and first episode versus recurrent episode status.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 30 June 2015; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.69. peerReviewed more...
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- 2016
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190. The relationship between prior night's sleep and measures of infant imitation
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Konrad, C., Herbert, J.S., Schneider, S., and Seehagen, S.
- Abstract
We examined whether sleep quality during the night and naps during the day preceding a learning event are related to memory encoding in human infants. Twenty-four 6- and twenty-four 12-month-old infants' natural sleeping behavior was monitored for 24 hr using actigraphy. After the recording period, encoding was assessed using an imitation paradigm. In an initial baseline phase, infants were allowed to interact with the stimulus to assess spontaneous production of any target actions. Infants then watched an experimenter demonstrate a sequence of three target actions and were immediately given the opportunity to reproduce the demonstrated target actions to assess memory encoding. Analyses revealed significant correlations between nighttime sleep quality variables (sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation) and immediate imitation in 6-month-olds, but not in 12-month-olds. High sleep quality in the preceding night was thus positively associated with next day's memory encoding in 6-month-old infants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 9999: 1-12, 2016. more...
- Published
- 2016
191. Portable auricular device for real-time swallow and chew detection
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Jennifer Zeilfelder, Christoph Zimmermann, Konrad C. Steimer, Christian Pylatiuk, and Wilhelm Stork
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Orthodontics ,business.industry ,DATA processing & computer science ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Biomedical Engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,030206 dentistry ,02 engineering and technology ,vital data ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Swallowing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,food intake monitor ,ddc:004 ,chewing ,business ,swallowing ,in-ear pressure - Abstract
Monitoring a person’s nutritional consumption is costly and complex. To solve this problem a new technique is proposed to draw conclusions of a person’s food intake. The air pressure signal, recorded in the external acoustic meatus, is used to detect swallow and chew events. A portable device has been developed to record this pressure signal. Due to the constraint of running on a low-power microcontroller, real-time algorithms, used in pattern and speech recognition, were used to develop methods to automatically detect swallow and chew events. A binary classifier was trained by means of manually annotated data sets. Direct comparisons with state of the art technology and tests with several subjects are provided for evaluation purposes. more...
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- 2016
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192. The Influence of Personality Traits on Private Retirement Savings in Germany
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Konrad C. Schäfer
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Agreeableness ,Extraversion and introversion ,media_common.quotation_subject ,language.human_language ,German ,Locus of control ,Trait ,Economics ,language ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,Social psychology ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common - Abstract
This paper analyzes private retirement savings, the amount for German individuals and how these savings are influenced by personality traits. With the 2002 to 2009 cross section of the Socio-Economic Panel for Germany (SOEP), it is investigated how the Big-Five and the Locus of Control influence the decision to have private retirement savings, and the estimated amount of these savings. Results indicate a positive effect for Extraversion and a negative effect for Agreeableness on the probability to have such savings. Extraversion also positively effects the size of retirement related savings as does having an more internal Locus of Control. Similar to the probability to have retirement savings Agreeableness also reduces the expected amount of such savings. Personality traits only seem to influence the retirement savings if the individual has scores further away from the average of the specific trait. Additionally regressions are implemented that include the personality measures as dummies to allow for non-linear effects. Furthermore, other types of wealth accumulation such as house related savings are investigated to study how the effects might differ for different types of wealth accumulation. more...
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- 2016
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193. The influence of personality traits on private retirement savings in Germany
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Schäfer, Konrad C.
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J26 ,Big-Five ,retirement ,J32 ,Non-cognitive skills ,ddc:330 ,C35 ,Locus of Control ,health care economics and organizations ,C34 - Abstract
This paper analyzes private retirement savings, the amount for German individuals and how these savings are influenced by personality traits. With the 2002 to 2009 cross section of the Socio-Economic Panel for Germany (SOEP), it is investigated how the Big-Five and the Locus of Control influence the decision to have private retirement savings, and the estimated amount of these savings. Results indicate a positive effect for Extraversion and a negative effect for Agreeableness on the probability to have such savings. Extraversion also positively effects the size of retirement related savings as does having an more internal Locus of Control. Similar to the probability to have retirement savings Agreeableness also reduces the expected amount of such savings. Personality traits only seem to influence the retirement savings if the individual has scores further away from the average of the specific trait. Additionally regressions are implemented that include the personality measures as dummies to allow for non-linear effects. Furthermore, other types of wealth accumulation such as house related savings are investigated to study how the effects might differ for different types of wealth accumulation. more...
- Published
- 2016
194. Analysis of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding Mutants with Limited Receptor Recognition Properties and Conditional Replication Characteristics
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Xi Chen, Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro, Xuezheng Song, Yi Lasanajak, David F. Smith, Hai Yu, Ganesh R. Talekar, Richard D. Cummings, David A. Steinhauer, Konrad C. Bradley, and Summer E. Galloway
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Models, Molecular ,Erythrocytes ,Turkey ,Protein Conformation ,Genetic Vectors ,Guinea Pigs ,Immunology ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Mutant ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Kidney ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dogs ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Polysaccharides ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,Binding site ,Cells, Cultured ,Mutation ,Binding Sites ,Sheep ,biology ,Hemagglutination Tests ,Microarray Analysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Virus-Cell Interactions ,Sialic acid ,chemistry ,Viral replication ,Insect Science ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,biology.protein ,Receptors, Virus ,Cattle ,Chickens ,Protein Binding - Abstract
To examine the range of selective processes that potentially operate when poorly binding influenza viruses adapt to replicate more efficiently in alternative environments, we passaged a virus containing an attenuating mutation in the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in mice and characterized the resulting mutants with respect to the structural locations of mutations selected, the replication phenotypes of the viruses, and their binding properties on glycan microarrays. The initial attenuated virus had a tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutation at HA1 position 98 (Y98F), located in the receptor binding pocket, but viruses that were selected contained second-site pseudoreversion mutations in various structural locations that revealed a range of molecular mechanisms for modulating receptor binding that go beyond the scope that is generally mapped using receptor specificity mutants. A comparison of virus titers in the mouse respiratory tract versus MDCK cells in culture showed that the mutants displayed distinctive replication properties depending on the system, but all were less attenuated in mice than the Y98F virus. An analysis of receptor binding properties confirmed that the initial Y98F virus bound poorly to several different species of erythrocytes, while all mutants reacquired various degrees of hemagglutination activity. Interestingly, both the Y98F virus and pseudoreversion mutants were shown to bind very inefficiently to standard glycan microarrays containing an abundance of binding substrates for most influenza viruses that have been characterized to date, provided by the Consortium for Functional Glycomics. The viruses were also examined on a recently developed microarray containing glycans terminating in sialic acid derivatives, and limited binding to a potentially interesting subset of glycans was revealed. The results are discussed with respect to mechanisms for HA-mediated receptor binding, as well as regarding the species of molecules that may act as receptors for influenza virus on host cell surfaces. more...
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- 2011
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195. Feasibility of international data collection and feedback on post-operative pain data: Proof of concept
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Zaslansky, R., Chapman, C. R., Rothaug, J., Bäckström, R., Brill, S., Davidson, E., Elessi, K., Fletcher, D., Fodor, L., Karanja, E., Konrad, C., Kopf, A., Leykin, Y., Lipman, A., Puig, M., Rawal, N., Stephan Schug, Ullrich, K., Volk, T., and Meissner, W. more...
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- 2011
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196. Recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 2 with mutations in V that permit cellular interferon signaling are not attenuated in non-human primates
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Konrad C. Bradley, Christopher D'Angelo, Alexander C. Schmidt, Shenelle-Marie Wise, Peter L. Collins, Olivia S. Kim, Caraline Higgins, Mario H. Skiadopoulos, Brian R. Murphy, Reina Mayor, Sheila M. Nolan, Anne Schaap-Nutt, Emerito Amaro-Carambot, and Stephanie D. Davis more...
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Primates ,Genes, Viral ,Mutant ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Open Reading Frames ,Viral Proteins ,Species Specificity ,Interferon ,Virology ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,STAT2 ,Vero Cells ,Mutation ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Phosphoproteins ,Macaca mulatta ,Molecular biology ,Recombinant Proteins ,Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Viral replication ,Phosphoprotein ,DNA, Viral ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Interferon Type I ,biology.protein ,Interferons ,Interferon type I ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The HPIV2 V protein inhibits type I interferon (IFN) induction and signaling. To manipulate the V protein, whose coding sequence overlaps that of the polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), without altering the P protein, we generated an HPIV2 virus in which P and V are expressed from separate genes (rHPIV2-P+V). rHPIV2-P+V replicated like HPIV2-WT in vitro and in non-human primates. HPIV2-P+V was modified by introducing two separate mutations into the V protein to create rHPIV2-L101E/L102E and rHPIV2-Delta122-127. In contrast to HPIV2-WT, both mutant viruses were unable to degrade STAT2, leaving virus-infected cells susceptible to IFN. Neither mutant, nor HPIV2-WT, induced significant amounts of IFN-beta in infected cells. Surprisingly, neither rHPIV2-L101E/L102E nor rHPIV2-Delta122-127 was attenuated in two species of non-human primates. This indicates that loss of HPIV2's ability to inhibit IFN signaling is insufficient to attenuate virus replication in vivo as long as IFN induction is still inhibited. more...
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- 2010
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197. The effects of preexisting immunity to influenza on responses to influenza vectors in mice
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Konrad C. Bradley, Zhu-Nan Li, William A. Langley, Ganesh R. Talekar, Summer E. Galloway, and David A. Steinhauer
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viruses ,Bacterial Toxins ,Genetic Vectors ,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Anthrax Vaccines ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Cross Reactions ,Biology ,Epitope ,Antigenic drift ,Virus ,Microbiology ,Viral vector ,Mice ,Immune system ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Antigen ,Animals ,Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ,Vector (molecular biology) ,Antigens, Bacterial ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Viral Vaccines ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Virology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza A virus ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Female - Abstract
The use of viral vectors as vaccine candidates has shown promise against a number of pathogens. However, preexisting immunity to these vectors is a concern that must be addressed when deciding which viruses are suitable for use. A number of properties, including the existence of antigenically distinct subtypes, make influenza viruses attractive candidates for use as viral vectors. Here, we evaluate the ability of influenza viral vectors containing inserts of foreign pathogens to elicit antibody and CD8+ T cell responses against these foreign antigens in the presence of preexisting immunity to influenza virus in mice. Specifically, responses to an H3N1-based vector expressing a 90 amino acid polypeptide derived from the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis or an H1N1-based vector containing a CD8+ T cell epitope from the glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were evaluated following infections with either homosubtypic or heterosubtypic influenza viruses. We found that mice previously infected with influenza viruses, even those expressing HA and NA proteins of completely different subtypes, were severely compromised in their ability to mount an immune response against the inserted epitopes. This inhibition was demonstrated to be mediated by CD8+ T cells, which recognize multiple strains of influenza viruses. These CD8+ T cells were further shown to protect mice from a lethal challenge by a heterologous influenza subtype. The implication of these data for the use of influenza virus vectors and influenza vaccination in general are discussed. more...
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- 2010
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198. Single residue deletions along the length of the influenza HA fusion peptide lead to inhibition of membrane fusion function
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William A. Langley, E. Varečková, Ru Pert J. Russell, Konrad C. Bradley, Summer E. Galloway, Sudha Thoennes, Sandra F. Cummings, David A. Steinhauer, and Ganesh R. Talekar
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Models, Molecular ,Genes, Viral ,Protein Conformation ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Mutant ,Membrane fusion ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Biology ,Cleavage (embryo) ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein structure ,Fusion peptide ,Cricetinae ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Hemagglutinin ,Protein Structure, Quaternary ,Peptide sequence ,Sequence Deletion ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Fusion ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Lipid bilayer fusion ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Virus Internalization ,Molecular biology ,Influenza ,Cell biology ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,Viral Fusion Proteins ,Membrane Fusion Activity - Abstract
A panel of eight single amino acid deletion mutants was generated within the first 24 residues of the fusion peptide domain of the of the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Aichi/2/68 influenza A virus (H3N2 subtype). The mutant HAs were analyzed for folding, cell surface transport, cleavage activation, capacity to undergo acid-induced conformational changes, and membrane fusion activity. We found that the mutant ΔF24, at the C-terminal end of the fusion peptide, was expressed in a non-native conformation, whereas all other deletion mutants were transported to the cell surface and could be cleaved into HA1 and HA2 to activate membrane fusion potential. Furthermore, upon acidification these cleaved HAs were able to undergo the characteristic structural rearrangements that are required for fusion. Despite this, all mutants were inhibited for fusion activity based on two separate assays. The results indicate that the mutant fusion peptide domains associate with target membranes in a non-functional fashion, and suggest that structural features along the length of the fusion peptide are likely to be relevant for optimal membrane fusion activity. more...
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- 2009
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199. Length Requirements for Membrane Fusion of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Peptide Linkers to Transmembrane or Fusion Peptide Domains
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Konrad C. Bradley, Zhu-Nan Li, Byeong-Jae Lee, Rupert J. Russell, David A. Steinhauer, and William A. Langley
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Protein Folding ,DNA, Complementary ,Immunology ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Peptide ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Dogs ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Structure and Assembly ,Cell Membrane ,Lipid bilayer fusion ,Fluoresceins ,Transmembrane protein ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Amino acid ,Transmembrane domain ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Insect Science ,Mutation ,Biophysics ,biology.protein ,Protein folding ,Peptides ,Viral Fusion Proteins ,HeLa Cells ,Membrane Fusion Activity - Abstract
During membrane fusion, the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) adopts an extended helical structure that contains the viral transmembrane and fusion peptide domains at the same end of the molecule. The peptide segments that link the end of this rod-like structure to the membrane-associating domains are approximately 10 amino acids in each case, and their structure at the pH of fusion is currently unknown. Here, we examine mutant HAs and influenza viruses containing such HAs to determine whether these peptide linkers are subject to specific length requirements for the proper folding of native HA and for membrane fusion function. Using pairwise deletions and insertions, we show that the region flanking the fusion peptide appears to be important for the folding of the native HA structure but that mutant proteins with small insertions can be expressed on the cell surface and are functional for membrane fusion. HA mutants with deletions of up to 10 residues and insertions of as many as 12 amino acids were generated for the peptide linker to the viral transmembrane domain, and all folded properly and were expressed on the cell surface. For these mutants, it was possible to designate length restrictions for efficient membrane fusion, as functional activity was observed only for mutants containing linkers with insertions or deletions of eight residues or less. The linker peptide mutants are discussed with respect to requirements for the folding of native HAs and length restrictions for membrane fusion activity. more...
- Published
- 2008
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200. Infectivity Studies of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding Site Mutants in Mice
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Jeffrey Meisner, Konrad C. Bradley, Zhu-Nan Li, Javier Martin, Byeong-Jae Lee, John J. Skehel, Jacqueline M. Katz, David A. Steinhauer, Kristy J. Szretter, Sudha Thoennes, William A. Langley, and Rupert J. Russell more...
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Models, Molecular ,Immunology ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Mutant ,Mutation, Missense ,Hemagglutinins, Viral ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Chick Embryo ,Antibodies, Viral ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Viral Proteins ,Dogs ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Virology ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Binding site ,Lung ,Infectivity ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Binding Sites ,Virulence ,biology ,Body Weight ,Embryonated ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Insect Science ,biology.protein ,Pathogenesis and Immunity - Abstract
The replicative properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) mutants with altered receptor binding characteristics were analyzed following intranasal inoculation of mice. Among the mutants examined was a virus containing a Y98F substitution at a conserved position in the receptor binding site that leads to a 20-fold reduction in binding. This mutant can replicate as well as wild-type (WT) virus in MDCK cells and in embryonated chicken eggs but is highly attenuated in mice, exhibiting titers in lungs more than 1,000-fold lower than those of the WT. The capacity of the Y98F mutant to induce antibody responses and the structural locations of HA reversion mutations are examined. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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