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In the current context, the university is seen as an engine for changing those models of government and leadership able to transforming it into an entrepreneurial university. This strategic perspective is not an isolated one, but a massive one that is imposed for more and more universities. Similarly to business entities, universities need to find a dynamic to adapt to the demands of the knowledge-based economy. Thus, they must develop appropriate strategies to develop intellectual capital and create value in the local community and society. These new requirements of the knowledge-based economy create a growing pressure on universities and implicitly generate major mutations in their governance. In this sense, we believe that academic governance needs to be directed so as to improve the relationship between intellectual capital and performance management. We aim to present the roles of great influence attributed to universities and to argue the need for the development of entrepreneurial initiatives. We will look at both the opportunities and the difficulties faced today by universities on several levels. We support the relevance of this analysis to the idea that universities focused on entrepreneurship, technological development and research have a strong impact on the local economic environment. Actually, the economic development is produced through the entrepreneurial ecosystem created in these universities, start-ups created by students and spin-offs developed in research universities. We will approach a series of strategies that need to be applied by universities that are interested in becoming more active in the field of entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this scientific article is to study the experience of foreign countries in the formation of human capital in the development of knowledge-based economy, the main sources of growth of which are the production of knowledge, the development of information technology, the expansion of R & d, the accumulation of human capital.The comparative and logical-structural analyses, system approach are used in the process of research.The article presents the results of the study of human capital formation in such countries as the United States, South Korea, Japan and China. In the context of a knowledge-based economy in these countries, the priorities are both the development of innovation infrastructure and the development of human capital, especially its intellectual, organizational component. The authors show that the successful development of knowledge-based economy largely depends on investments in human capital, and the high quality of human capital is the basis for the development of scientific and technological innovation. The article emphasizes that state support plays an important role in the field of basic research and scientific and technical development. In addition, the article focuses on the field of education in these countries, which is one of the crucial tools for the acquisition and accumulation of knowledge and skills.Thanks to the development of human capital, workers not only create and distribute new technologies and products, but also successfully master new technologies and contribute to their introduction into production and everyday life, thereby creating a demand for innovation.

This paper aims to explain the role of good governance in the realization of the knowledge-based economy within a quadruple helix innovation system (QHIS). It employs an analytical-descriptive method, while focusing on the econometric models within Eviews9 software environment. Theoretically, the paper is based on institutionalism approach. The interaction of good governance and knowledge-based economy is described after defining the concepts of QHIS. Then, the relationships between innovation (as the goal of innovation systems and knowledge-based economy) and good governance indicators are evaluated within an econometric model. To do this, good governance indicators in Iran are compared to those of the Northern Europe and South-Easter Asia as regions enjoying high scores in knowledge-based economy indicators. The findings indicate the impact of good governance on realization of the knowledge-based economy through various channels including property rights, enforcement of contracts, domestic and foreign investment, brain drain, human capital development, and research and development. Alike the conceptual part of paper, the results reveal positive and significant relationships among good governance indicators and innovation. Considering the importance of good governance in realizing a knowledge-based economy, good governance index is selected as the fourth helix in QHIS for Iran.

Abstract In recent decades, many efforts have been put into understanding and determining key variables and factors affecting knowledge-based economy. Triple Helix model is a model with relative success in this regard; however, there is still a long way to go until it can provide policy makers and researchers with an inclusive and deep insight. Researchers of the current study strived to distinguish one of the main theoretical shortcomings of the model, i.e., considering reward systems reformation firmly fixed in the institutional framework of society, while introducing an overview of the Triple Helix model and its underlying logic using a descriptive-analytical method based upon theoretical framework of new institutionalism. This paper aims to highlight that, in the developing countries’ path toward a knowledge-based economy, reward systems reformation plays a key role and it is worth to be considered in models of determining the knowledge-based economy, the Triple Helix model, in particular.

Copyright of Journal of Economic Research & Business Administration is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Motivation: The Polish labor market employs employees from four generations, but not all of them have the competences required by the knowledge-based economy and the 4.0 economy. According to the author, adjusting employees' competences to the requirements of the modern labor market is determined, among others, by specificity of generations. Their features, attitudes, values and job expectations affect competences, which generates quantitative and qualitative changes in the labor market. Therefore, it was decided to check which generations of employees have the competences most appropriate to the needs of these economies. Aim: The aim of the paper is to assess the adjustment of competences of four generations of Polish employees to the competences required of employees of the knowledge-based economy and the 4.0 based on a literature review. Results: Research results confirm that generations Y and C have competences best suited to the modern labor market. Moreover, they indicate areas of skills shortages that require support in order to adjust the requirements of the labor market. The added value is provided by a self-developed list of differences between the labor markets of the knowledge-based industrial economy and 4.0 (there was no such was not such a broad list comparison in the literature for the three types of economies) and synthetic assessment of the key competences of four of generations of employees in the context of KBE and economy 4.0 based on a literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines interactions between the presence of top-ranked universities and other conditions that encourage regional competitiveness. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted to assess the combined effect of the conditions. The analysis yields several noteworthy conclusions. First, no single condition is necessary for a region to be competitive. Second, R&D expenditure is important for regional competitiveness. Third, different configurations of conditions are sufficient for high competitiveness in different regional clusters. Furthermore, some of these configurations do not include the presence of top-ranked universities. A 'magic recipe' consists of the combination of a private research system, an inter-firm collaboration network and high levels of human capital. The analysis shows that university excellence is valuable. However, in terms of its contribution to regional development, it is not crucial and must always be contextualised. This conclusion is important for smart strategic planning of local knowledge systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis of Fordism has resulted in the changed regime of accumulation, i.e. in the establishment of a new form of economy that is marked with evolution of the “general intellect” and the great importance of knowledge in terms of economic growth. This was recognised in sociology and economic science and has led to the development of the “post-industrial” and “post-Fordist” society theories, as well as the “knowledgebased economy” theory. As regards to the latter, we shall see in the paper how its apologetic narrative is subjected to a critique by the cognitive capitalism theory that represents an alternative viewpoint on the character of the contemporary economic relations and considers the proclamation of the existence of knowledge based economy unjustified since such assertion implies another kind of economic arrangement. Other than elaborating the cognitive capitalism theory, we explain in the paper the differences between the industrial capitalism and new capitalism and the changes related to the organisation of production, economic role of state, nature of work and technology, and, among other things, changes related to the position and autonomy of the workers. Still, the main problem of the paper not only pertains to the economic questions but also to the broader question on the role of knowledge in the society. On the basis of assessment of the role of different types of knowledge in contemporary society, we come to the conclusion that preconditions for becoming of “knowledge society” have not been established yet and that the dominant economic logic represents the main obstacle to its actualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article examines how social science literature co-produces various imaginaries of forest-based bioeconomy transformations and pathways for reaching desired ends. Based on an analysis of 59 research articles, we find that despite a growing number of social sciences studies on the forest-based bioeconomy, much of the research tends to replicate a bioeconomy imaginary articulated in EU and national bioeconomy policies and strategies. Accordingly, the research primarily reproduces a weak approach to sustainability, which prioritize economic growth and competitiveness. Expectations are largely directed at national and regional corporate interests and forest industrial renewal, while the state has a supportive rather than restricting role. We discuss the findings against the role of social sciences, and conclude that social science scholars may adopt various strategies if interested in opening up forest-based policy debates and offer alternative imaginaries of sustainable bioeconomy transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of sustainable economic development perspectives reveals a lack of data-driven approaches that meet the needs of knowledge-based economies. This paper presents a conceptual design artefact, a theoretical framework that maps the open data pathway toward the achievement of a knowledge-based economy and sustainable economic development with a specific reference to Botswana. The proposed framework models the transition from open data to open knowledge. It further establishes the potential impact of that transition on the realisation of a knowledge-based economy, sustainable economic development, and the attainment of a knowledge society. The method adopted in the development of the framework involves three processes: 1) review of literature on key research concepts; 2) identification of relationships between research concepts; and 3) design and development of the proposed open data framework. The proposed framework will serve as a point of reference in open data-driven economic transitions and transformations in Botswana. This design artefact can be customised to meet the economic needs of other developing countries.

The unconventional technologies appeared as a result of the unconventional development of the digital economy. The role of the “unconventional technologies” within the knowledge - based economy (more or less conventional) includes, among the specialists, the existence of the unconventional thinking. The main results of this thinking way are to be found in important scientific papers, such as the ones from the Web of Science data bases. The present paper includes an analysis of the scientific papers existed in the Web of Science data bases and its topic is “unconventional technologies”. The case study is focused on two periods of time: 1975-2019 and 2015-2019, as part of the economy based on knowledge. The analysis of Web of Science data was accomplished by grouping the data both regarding the topic and the countries/regions.

The aim of the article is an attempt to measure the level of development of a Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE). The applied Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), developed by the World Bank in 1999, is one of the methods for measuring the degree of development of KBE. It is connected with the development of a set of indicators describing the functioning of individual socio-economic dimensions, grouped into four categories: (A) economic and institutional, (B) education and human resources, (C) information systems and new technologies, (D) information technologies. The analysis of these pillars helps to gain a competitive advantage (region, industry, national economy). Synthetic indexes for Polish voivodeships in 2009-2016 were calculated. The research results present a significant spatial difference in the development of KBE. Changes in this diversification of voivodeships were presented for 2015 and 2016 in relation to 2012 and 2009.

The process of European integration, through its dynamics and complexity, proves to be a great challenge for Romania on the whole, and the education system is the central point in reconfiguring the socio-economic and political evolution of the Romanian state. For almost three decades, the education system in Romania has undergone numerous transformations and redefines, but nowadays, more than a decade after joining the European Union, we find that these reforms in education have not had a positive impact, and on the contrary, we are on the last places in different rankings regarding the competences of the graduates in different fields (PISA studies), and on the top places, if we look at the educational system from the perspective of statistical indicators such as: the early leaving rate of the education and training system; employment rate; etc.. This paper follows the strategies underlying the evolution of the education system in Romania in connection with the development strategies and policies in the field agreed and assumed at EU level. This research-paper addresses mainly policy decision makers in the education system, but also other stakeholders relevant to the education system.

Objective: One of the long-term goals and strategies of the country for development in the 20-year vision plan is the development of the knowledge-based economy, so that with pursuing this strategy, Iran could become a knowledge-based economy by 1404. The purpose of this research is to explain the economic status of Iran among regional competitors based on the components of knowledge-based economy. Methods: This study was based on World Bank documentation using clustering methods based on the K-Mean algorithm and Multiple- Group Discriminant Analysis with the aim of calculating the knowledge-based economy index and determining the components and criteria of each country studied between1995and 1995. It should be noted that the under-study countries are clustered into three groups based on 14 variables in the form of four components of knowledge-based economy. Results: The results of the k-mean method showed that the variables of cell phone users, the quality of regulations, the number of Internet users per thousand ones, the number of telephone lines per thousand ones, and the number of Internet users per thousand ones played the most important role in separating the clusters. For the Multiple- Group Discriminant Analysis method, in the first differentiation function, the variables of the quality of regulation, the number of Internet users per thousand ones, cell phone users, and in the second differentiation function, the variables of tariff and non-tariff barriers, rule of law, the number of telephone lines per thousand ones have the most importance in creating a distinction between different groups of countries. Conclusion: During 1995-1995, Iran has not seen significant progress in terms of knowledge-based economy index, and in the second group of countries (the average level), it has been considered as a composite index of the knowledge-based economy.

This study aims to review, analyze and systematize the knowledge created on bio-economy to develop a conceptual and theoretical framework based on the transdisciplinary study of biology and socioeconomy to be used in further research. It begins from the questioning of what are the benefits that bio-economy has compared to the neoclassical economy. The methods employed are the critical analytic, descriptive, deductive-inductive and suggests a holistic and transdisciplinary approaches. As a result, the core of the study presents the principles under which this new scientific paradigm in sustainable development can continue creating more scientific knowledge to be used in the formulation and implementation of strategic choices for the bio production, bio distribution and bio consumption process.

Background & Objectives: Knowledge-based economy is one of the major parts of the resistance economy and is recognized as the essentials of the information technology age. As one of the most important educational units and the custodian of community health, universities of medical sciences play a pivotal role in the success of resistance economy based on the knowledge-based economy. Among the employees of a university, the managers and faculty members play an important role in this regard. This study aimed to explain the dimensions of the resistance economy based on the knowledge-based economy in universities of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This qualitative research had a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected via library and field research. In the library method, the relevant specialized scientific texts and resources were exploited, whereas in the fieldwork, the researcher interviewed 24 faculty members. The interviews continued until saturation, and after being recorded, they were transcribed in Word software, coded, classified, and encoded by Microsoft OneNote. After that, the interviews were analyzed. It is notable that ethical considerations were observed during the research process. In the field method, the texts and books were evaluated and information searched in scientific and specialized websites. In addition, relevant articles recently published in valid international journals were translated, and primary data with the topic of translation were collected. In the field research and after coordination with faculty members and main elites with a history of article or innovation production or a management background, the opinions of the interviewees were asked about some questions in a semi-structured manner. In addition, three-stage coding, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were applied in the research. To perform open coding, the main sentences were recorded as codes, followed by classifying the similar codes. In axial coding, the classes were related to their subclasses by comparing the primary classes of open coding and revolving the ones that resembled around the common axis. In selective coding, the integration and refining process of the categories was performed to form and present the model, and the dimensions were extracted and explained. Results: From the perspective of the faculty members and key experts, resistance economy based on knowledge-based economy in universities of medical sciences could be explained in dimensions of information and communications technology, innovation and entrepreneurship in medical sciences, human resources and knowledge-based team, administrative and structural system, resources of equipment and abilities, policy and socio-environmental impacts. Each of these dimensions also included sub-groups and special themes. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it could be stated that moving towards the knowledge-based economy is one of the requirements of the country on the path to economic development, which involves dimensions such as information and communications technology, innovation and entrepreneurship, specialized knowledge-generating team, strategic planning and policy-making, formulating and ensuring the legal framework and legal system, supplying and developing electronic infrastructures, and paying attention to capabilities and resources of facilities.

Research background: Information infrastructure is a very important pillar within a knowledge-based economy. The widespread use of information and communication technologies facilitates effective communication, dissemination and processing of information and knowledge. It also creates new opportunities for the effective use of knowledge and information in building competitive advantage. Information infrastructure is also a significant determinant in the development of territorial units, and therefore it affects the regional dimension of building the knowledge-based economy in Poland. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study was to evaluate regional differentiation of the level of information infrastructure in Poland, and changes which occurred in this respect between 2010 and 2015. An attempt was made to provide an answer to the following question: Are regional differences in the level of information infrastructure in Poland increasing or decreasing, i.e. is a regional divergence or a regional convergence process taking place in this respect? Methods: Taxonomic methods were used, including linear ordering based on a synthetic variable and a method of grouping linearly-ordered objects. Findings & Value added: The regional differentiation of the level of information infra-structure in Poland has slightly decreased, which means, that a slow convergence process has taken place in this respect. This fact is confirmed by the value of the variation coefficient, which fell from a level of 17.6% in 2010 to a level of 14.4% in 2015. Convergence processes were observed in twelve provinces. In the case of seven of them, they had the nature of a catching-up effect, and in the case of the remaining five — a lagging-behind effect. Divergence processes were observed in four provinces. The Dolnośląskie and Mazowieckie Provinces distanced themselves from other areas of the country. In the Małopolskie and Opolskie Provinces a marginalisation effect was observed.

Subject of this article is analysis of requirements to achieve a knowledge-based economy at the macro level, and in particular, legal frameworks necessary for realization of knowledge-based economy in Iran. For this purpose, a framework, that is close to the one developed by Australian Bureau of Statistics is used in which, knowledge-based economy consists of four main dimensions: context (institutional and economic structure), human capital, information and communication technology, and innovation and entrepreneurship. The results show that despite different laws and regulations in development programs and other permanent laws, current situation in Iran is far away from a coherent and comprehensive legal framework to move towards a knowledge-based economy. In the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, there are several legal weaknesses. Compared to the previous two pillars, human resources development and information and communication technology are more acceptable in current legal framework. Also, using the World Economic Forum's competitiveness framework, structural reform priorities to establish a knowledge-based economy in Iran are mentioned in this study.

The spread of information and communication technology and its effects on information and data transfer, in association with high quality education, a favorable economic regime, and innovation in economy, has played an indispensable role in sustainable growth and development. This study is conducted to identify the role and effect of knowledge-based economy on economic growth within the context of existing economic literature. In this line, relying on principles of economic growth models, a model is estimated in the framework of a panel data model, considering the knowledge-based economy index of 139 selected countries during period 2010 to 2014. This research focuses not only on basic production inputs, i.e. capital and labor, but also on social capital and knowledge-based economy as two of the most important factors of production, and it show the role of social capital in economic growth. Our results show a positive and significant effect of the knowledge-based economy index on economic growth among the set of selected countries.

In the knowledge-based economy, long-term corporate performance and its competitive advantage are strongly associated with human capital. Theoretical deliberations suggest that companies with greater human capital orientation (higher salaries and benefits, more training, a transformational leadership style, better equipment) might perform better than their peers with less human capital orientated strategy due to: higher skills of employees, greater motivation and thus higher overall corporate effectiveness. On the other hand, orientation towards human capital generates higher costs which may negatively affect profitability and stock market valuation. There are two aims of this paper. The first one is to state whether human capital orientated firms generate positive financial performance. The second aim is to compare financial performance of human capital orientated firms with the benchmarking sample to state if the financial performance is above-average. Research was conducted on a sample of 7,204 unique publicly listed companies from the American stock market within a ten year period (72,040 firm-year observations). Empirical studies were carried out with the help of one hypothesis. Two groups of companies were created and their results on financial performance were compared. The first group consisted of human capital orientated firms that were identified with the help of the well-known 100 Best Companies to Work For listing, in line with the Edmans (2009) approach. The second group composed of US-based publicly listed entities from 11 industries. Analysis was conducted for the 2007-2017 years. The key findings of the paper are: strategy based on human capital orientation provides high profitability and leads to above-average financial performance, mainly in the field of equity growth and stock market valuation. The paper has significant practical implications for investors in terms of possible directions of stock market investments aimed at achieving above-average returns as well as for corporate management by indicating that human capital orientation pays off. The paper fills the research gap between two points. First, it states in which financial performance pillars human capital orientated firms perform best. Second, it compares the results of the human capital orientated strategy with the entities from the 11 different industries. Research refers to the American publicly listed enterprises.

At present, many international organizations and scholars, who are aimed to compare and assess country-specific economy or competitiveness, have set different standards and indicators and tried to assess the economic strength of individual country. But most of these standards and indicators are for the assessment of individual aspects and what is worse, they are not suitable for the real situation of the countries concerned. This paper deals with methodological issues on the assessment of state economic strength. To this end, authors investigate the preceding studies on the assessment of economy of a given country, conceptualize the state economic strength, set a new system of indicators for assessing it and on this basis, produce a methodology for the synthetic assessment of state economic strength. The findings are that state economic strength must be defined in a view of economic capability which any country can exhibit by itself even under uncertain external environment, the indicators for assessing it include a variety of indicators in line with its essence, and assessment methodology must be synthetic one based on considering the weights of indicators. These findings may help, on the one hand, in assessing the economy of a given country and taking an economic and technical measures for its strengthening for policymakers, and on the other hand, in comparing and assessing the country-specific economy for organizations or scholars in a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teaching Innovations / Inovacije u Nastavi is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To accelerate rural development, the Algerian state has decided on a major programme, the Rural Renewal Programme. One of its main implementation instruments was the Proximity Programme for Integrated Rural Development (PPDRI) consisting of hundreds of outreach projects expected to help rural populations strengthen their basic economic activities. The new combined Science, Technology and Innovation and Knowledge-Based Economy policy (STI-KBE) was put forward by the Development State (DS) ambitioned to support this programme and make it more participatory and inclusive. Our paper addresses four key questions: (i) How does the STI-KBE policy connect with the PPDRI; (ii) What was the role of the developmental state in supporting this programme? (iii) What was the level of participation by rural populations? and (iv) What were the obstacles met in its implementation? To answer these questions, five case studies drawn from the literature were analysed in five Willayas (prefectures) of the country, in addition to the participant observation methodology adopted. Examining the PPDRI through the lens of STI-KBE policy has never been used before and represents our main added value. This is on top of revisiting the original KBE model when applied to rural development, to inform the strategies of the developmental state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reconstruction in post-conflict countries is essential for determining the future shape of economic and social development in those countries. The aim of this study is to formulate a new approach for a reconstruction process oriented towards building a knowledge-based economy. We measure how the Syrian conflict harms knowledge, human, and innovation indicators as the first step in formulating the reconstruction strategy. Hence, the synthetic control method (SCM) and documentary research method (DSM) are used to identify the conflict's impact on a set of knowledge output variables as well as human development and global innovation indices in Syria. Results indicate that the Syrian conflict had a significant impact on social and economic indicators, as well as on knowledge outputs indicators. However, the greatest impact was on the level of the Human Development Index, where Syria has lost 23.3 years of development in the first 4 years of the conflict. The results also suggested that Syria has lost 20 positions at the level of the Global Innovation Index. Based on those findings, we propose a novel approach for reconstruction in Syria based on non-classical intervention policies that make the reconstruction process a tool oriented towards building a knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the influence of the Triple Helix system of university-industry-government collaboration on regional entrepreneurship in China. Utilizing proprietary survey data collected from industrial firms, academic institutions, and government agencies in five representative Chinese regions, the paper finds that interactions within the three spheres of the Triple Helix system in terms of trilateral collaboration, network relationship, and complementary synergies all have positive influences on regional entrepreneurship in China by shaping local entrepreneurial environment and fostering entrepreneurship activities. The paper also reveals significant regional differences in the functioning of the Triple Helix system. Specifically, the roles of trilateral collaboration and network relationship are more salient in developing regions, while complementary synergies are more effective in developed regions. This study contributes to the burgeoning literature on national and regional innovation systems by emphasizing the multifaceted effect of university-industry-government collaboration on promoting regional entrepreneurship. It also highlights the role of regional institutional context in affecting innovation and entrepreneurship processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to answer two research questions: (1) Is the smart sustainable city (SSC) environment a stimulus for the urban knowledge-based economy?; and (2) Which SSC domains are more conducive to stimulating the urban knowledge-based economy? To answer these questions, this study develops a framework and multidimensional indexes to better explain the different domains of the SSC and their impact on the knowledge-based economy. The analysis was performed on a sample of 116 Italian cities. Italy was chosen because smart city policies are diffused nationwide and Italian urban development is very differentiated (large and small cities; northern and southern cities). The results confirm that the knowledge-based economy at city level is positively correlated to the creation of a urban smart sustainable environment. Moreover, sustainable social services and sustainable local transport are considered the most relevant components of SSC. Our study contributes significantly to the literature by providing a new approach to understanding the factors influencing the creation of an SSC and identifying which SSC domains are important for the development of urban-level economic growth, suitable not only. Its findings, therefore, have implications for academics and urban policy makers, especially for the valorisation of smaller cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge-based economy represents a consequence of technological and informational progress. The performances of the economies have lately depended on the way in which knowledge is capitalizing, and also on the innovation degree and the efficiency of information flows. The present paper aims to identify the importance, characteristics and main elements of the knowledge-based economy, but also the evolution of scientific research conducted in the field of knowledge-based economy in the last 15 years. At the same time, the study aims to identify the development stage of the knowledge-based economy in Europe, and also following the particular case of Romania. The study also presents the connections of the knowledge-based economy with the RDI system and the transfer of new technologies. The knowledge-based economy has proven to be a relatively new concept, and the resources and implications of this new economy have not yet been exhausted. Regarding the development stage of the knowledge-based economy in different European countries, the differences are significant, some countries being far from capitalizing on knowledge, because they do not invest enough in development, research and innovation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to cluster and classify national innovation systems (NISs) dynamically based on analysing the structural differences among NISs' dimensions. This study provides a tool that will help policymakers monitor the process of building and development NIS. Regarding the methodology, machine learning classification and clustering techniques were used, in which clusters represent three level of development: high, medium and low NISs' clusters. The empirical study includes 36 indicators from 54 countries over 29 years (1980–2008), which are divided into six groups, that represent the different NISs' dimensions. The results of clustering show a high level of similarity between clusters and the economic and innovation reality in studied countries. Moreover, the results of classification models indicate a high level of accuracy. These models are considered a good tool for monitoring the development process of NIS and enabling policymakers to improve their innovation strategies to accelerate NIS's development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Administration Quarterly / Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiebiorstwie is the property of SGH Warsaw School of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The unconventional technologies appeared as a result of the unconventional development of the digital economy. The role of the “unconventional technologies” within the knowledge - based economy (more or less conventional) includes, among the specialists, the existence of the unconventional thinking. The main results of this thinking way are to be found in important scientific papers, such as the ones from the Web of Science data bases. The present paper includes an analysis of the scientific papers existed in the Web of Science data bases and its topic is “unconventional technologies”. The case study is focused on two periods of time: 1975-2019 and 2015-2019, as part of the economy based on knowledge. The analysis of Web of Science data was accomplished by grouping the data both regarding the topic and the countries/regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the components of national innovation system (NIS) that most contribute to the creation of new enterprises in Baltic state countries for the period from 2005 to 2014. We run ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions for a set of variables that represents four components of NISs, extracted from principal component analysis (PCA), on the number of new enterprises as a dependant variable. We find that infrastructure and economic factors are the most influential components of the NISs in explaining changes in the number of new enterprises in the Baltic state countries. However, regulation factor is insignificant in explaining the dependent variable in Estonia and Lithuania. Moreover, the innovation factor in Latvia does not explain the variation in the number of new enterprises. Hence, it is pivotal for Estonia and Lithuania to improve the institutional and regulation structures in order to increase the number of new enterprises while Latvia needs to encourage innovative activities to capitalize on its industrial competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economics & Environment / Ekonomia i Środowisko is the property of Fundacja Ekonomistow Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As skill formation systems are increasingly under pressure from de-industrialization and the rise of knowledge economies, their ability to include the low-skilled has been strained. But what determines how skill formation systems adjust to this challenge? By explaining the divergence of two most-similar systems, those of Austria and Germany, the article highlights the key role of trade unions and of the institutional resources and legacies available to them. Where institutional resources are high and legacies positive, as in Austria, unions were crucial in setting an inclusive pathway of reform of the training system. Where, on the contrary, institutional resources are low and legacies negative, as in Germany, unions' strategies for inclusion failed, paving the way to a dualizing outcome. The article therefore provides a novel analysis of institutional change in skill formation systems, while also offering broader insights on the relationship between coordinated and egalitarian capitalism in post-industrial knowledge-based economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at defining the role of human capital as a factor for economic development and competitiveness of regions in a knowledge-based economy. In the theoretical part of the article, the concept of human capital and the components determining its quality are formulated. The emphasis is placed on the growing importance of human capital in the knowledge economy and on the role of human capital as one of the factors contributing to the development of regions. The analysis and assessment of each of the components of human capital were carried out, and on their basis the integral index of human capital for the regions of Ukraine was calculated, with the help of which the level of their competitiveness was determined. The accomplished analysis provided to conclude that, unfortunately, during the period researched in all regions of Ukraine there was a decrease in the number of students, as well as the number of education workers in terms of the equivalent amount of 10 thousand people, while the first variable decreased faster, indicating the need for rethinking and subsequent innovative changes in the higher education system of the country.

Abstract. Innovation system which promotes knowledge-based economy, instead of factor-driven economy, has been realized by many countries to be an obligatory system to improve national or regional competitiveness. It requires the collaboration of all stakeholders which are related to development to enhance innovation with specialization as the competitiveness value. Semarang and Balikpapan, two emerging cities in Indonesia, has implemented regional innovation system (RIS) with their own strengths and weaknesses. This study uses conceptual analysis with qualitative and quantitative methodology and The Innovation Policy Framework as tool to assess both cities’ performance. The study finds that both cities have basic understanding about innovation with specialization such as Semarang develops innovation in city tourism while Balikpapan enhances innovation in green economy. The hard challenges faced by both cities are integration of all stakeholders in enhancing innovation that however is still partially implemented. At the end, this study draws the concept of both cities to develop the system yet without neglecting their existed performance. Keywords: Balikpapan, collaboration, knowledge-based economy, regional innovation system, Semarang

The knowledge-based economy comes with a number of challenges in the field of accounting. Accounting must provide the information that internal and external users need for decision making and, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to integrate new IT technologies, standardize reporting and ensure compliance with ethical principles in the accounting profession. The paper aims at presenting the main ethical challenges in accounting in the present and foreseeable contexts.

This paper highlights the relationship between knowledge and economic development. The study considers nine countries grouped in three different development models: 1) the Asian model includes Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore; 2) the Anglo-Saxon model includes the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada and 3) the European model includes Germany, France, and the Netherlands. The data was sourced from the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, the PISA reports, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and the Global Innovation Index of the World Bank. The Asian group ranked highest for innovation as shown through the application of patents; they also obtained the highest scores in the PISA test. The Anglo-Saxon group stood out by having a good institutionalized knowledge system. From the European group, Germany is recognized by its innovation capabilities and the Netherlands by the quality of its higher education.

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