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The mixed spin chain compound, LiCuFe2(VO4)3, reaches a magnetically ordered state in two steps at TN2=9.8K and TN1=8.2K detected in magnetic-susceptibility χ and specific-heat Cp measurements. Dielectric permittivity ϵ evidences these transitions by a sharp peak at TN2 and a steplike anomaly at TN1, both easily suppressed by an external magnetic field. These features in permittivity are preceded by a frequency-dependent relaxation-type anomaly at T- insensitive to the magnetic field. Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals a wide distribution of a hyperfine field between TN2 and TN1 while the first-principles calculations provide values of magnetic-exchange-interaction parameters. For Cu, the orbital moment aligned in the same direction as the spin moment is substantial. This large orbital moment is important in driving the polarization through an inverse Dzyaloshinksii-Moriya interaction in a situation where the spatial symmetry gets broken in the magnetic structure. The data obtained suggest the spin-order-induced ferroelectricity is inherent for improper multiferroics. © 2018 American Physical Society.

© 2015 American Physical Society. We report a combined experimental study of magnetic properties of a single crystal of the frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnet CoAl2O4 with Co2+ electron spin resonance, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance, and muon spin rotation/relaxation techniques. With our local probes, we show that the frustration of spin interactions and the Co/Al site disorder strongly affect the spin dynamics. The experimental results evidence inhomogeneous and slow magnetic fluctuations and the occurrence of short-range electron spin correlations far above a characteristic temperature T∗=8 K at which the spin system turns into in a quasistatic state. Our data indicate that this spin order is likely short range and unconventional with spin fluctuations persistent even at T 蠐 T∗. The results of three spectroscopy techniques highlight a nontrivial role of structural disorder for the magnetism of a frustrated diamond spin lattice at the proximity to the critical point.

We report detailed 75As nuclear quadrupole resonance investigations of the locally noncentrosymmetric superconductor SrPtAs. The spin-lattice relaxation studies prove weakly coupled multigap superconductivity. A retardation of the decay in 1/T1T evidences a nodeless (fully gapped) superconducting state on the complex multipocket Fermi surface, which is consistent with an anisotropic s-wave order parameter and with proposed unconventional f-wave and chiral d-wave symmetries. A quantitative analysis of these models favors the unconventional f-wave state.

The results of X-ray diffraction, complex in-field (up to 9 T) and temperature (5-300 K) Mössbauer and magnetometric studies of the ordered Fe65Al35-xMx (M=Ga, B; x=0,5,10) and Fe 65-xVxAl35(x=5,10) alloys are presented. Analysis of the magnetometry studies shows that the systems Fe 65Al35 H Fe65Al35-xGax (x=5, 10) are characterized by two different magnetic states with essentially distinguishing hysteresis loops and AC susceptibility values. The temperature and external magnetic field values inducing the transition from one magnetic state to another are higher in the Ga-doped alloys than in the reference Fe 65Al35 alloy. The boron addition transforms the magnetic state of the initial alloy Fe65Al35 into a ferromagnetic one exhibiting high magnetic characteristics. Substitution of V for Fe in the ternary alloys Fe65-xVxAl35 results in reduction of magnetic characteristics and collapsing of 57Fe hyperfine magnetic filed. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.

The local 4f-electronic spin dynamics and magnetic order in YbNi4P2 were studied by means of muon-spin relaxation measurements. Zero-field muon-spin relaxation proves static magnetic order with a strongly reduced ordered Yb3+ moment of (2.5-4.6) \times 10-2��B, below TC = 140 mK. Above TC, the muon-spin polarization P(t,B) is dominated by quasihomogeneous spin fluctuations and exhibits a time-field scaling relation P(t,B) = P(t/B��), indicating cooperative critical spin dynamics in the system. At T = 190 mK, slightly above TC, �� = 0.81(5), suggesting time-scale invariant power-law behavior for the dynamic electronic spin-spin autocorrelation function., 5 pages, 4 figures

The superfluid density and superconducting gaps of superconducting RbFe_{2}As_{2} have been determined as a function of temperature, magnetic field and hydrostatic pressure by susceptibility and muon-spin spectroscopy measurements. From the data, fundamental microscopic parameters of the superconducting state like the London penetration depth \lambda, the gap values \Delta, the upper critical field B_{c2}, and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter \kappa have been obtained. In accordance with earlier measurements the ratio of the superfluid density n_{s} \propto \lambda^{-2} to the superconducting transition temperature T_{c}=2.52(2) K at ambient pressure is found to be much larger in the strongly hole-overdoped RbFe_{2}As_2 than in high-T_{c} Fe-based and other unconventional superconductors. As a function of pressure T_{c} strongly decreases with a rate of dT_{c}/dp = -1.32 K/GPa, i.e. it is reduced by 52 % at p = 1 GPa. The temperature dependence of n_{s} is best described by a two gap s-wave model with both superconducting gaps being decreased by hydrostatic pressure until smaller gap completely disappears at p = 1 GPa., Comment: 5 figures. 1 Table

Indicators for water use at farm scale can assist farmers in understanding the water flows on their farms and in optimizing water use by adapting agronomic measures and farm management. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to estimate water flows at the farm scale, to derive indicators for farm water use, and to apply them in a first case study. After the spatial and temporal boundaries of the farm system and the water flows are defined, three indicators to assess water use at the farm scale are developed: farm water productivity, degree of water utilization, and specific inflow of technical water. Farm water productivity describes the ratio of farm output to water input, where the water input is the total of those water inflows into the farm system that can be assigned to the generation of farm output. Farm output is expressed on a mass basis, food energy basis, and monetary basis. The degree of water utilization characterizes the relationship between productive water to the total water inflow into the farm system, where productive water comprises those water flows that directly contribute to biomass generation via plant and animal metabolism. The specific technical water inflow quantifies the water inflow into the system by technical means relative to the farm area. The application of the methodology in a first case study for a mixed crop-livestock farm with 2869 ha in Germany results in a farm water productivity of 2.30 kg fresh mass per mWinput-3, 1.03 kg dry mass per m Winput-3, 5.96 GJ m Winput-3, and 0.25 € mWinput-3. The degree of water utilization is 0.56. The specific technical water inflow is 36.5 m3 ha-1 year -1. Factors that mainly effect these indicators and general approaches to optimize water use in farms are discussed as well as the further research required for practical implementation.