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The article examines areas of concern involved in psychiatric consultation with mothers suffering from postpartum medical conditions. Topics discussed include practical approach to differential diagnosis and treatment, most common reasons for inpatient psychiatric consultation, and the importance of observation of the mother's behavior with her child.

Rationale: Reports of cognitive decline, particularly in the domains of executive functions (EFs), are common among menopausal women. Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of the psychostimulant lisdexamfetamine (LDX) on subjective and objective cognitive function among menopausal women who report new-onset EF complaints. Methods: Thirty-two healthy perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women experiencing mid-life-onset executive function difficulties as measured using the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) were administered LDX 40-60 mg/day for 4 weeks in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Diagnosis of lifetime ADHD was exclusionary. BADDS total and subscale scores and performance on verbal memory and working memory tasks were outcomes of interest. Results: Analyses revealed a significant effect of LDX treatment over placebo for total BADDS scores ( p = 0.0001) and for four out of the five BADDS subscales (all p < 0.004). LDX treatment also resulted in significant improvement in delayed paragraph recall ( p = 0.018), but there was no significant effect of treatment on other cognitive measures. Systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.017) and heart rate increased significantly ( p = 0.006) when women were on LDX but remained, on average, within the normal range. Conclusions: LDX 40-60 mg/day was well tolerated and improved the subjective measures of executive function as well as objective measures of delayed verbal recall in this sample of healthy menopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The British epidemiologist Dr. David J. Barker documented the relationship between infant birth weight and later onset of hypertension, coronary heart disease, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. A stressful in utero environment can cause long-term consequences for offspring through prenatal programming. Prenatal programming most commonly occurs through epigenetic mechanisms and can be dependent on the type and timing of exposure as well as the sex of the fetus. In this review, we highlight the most recent evidence that prenatal programming is implicated in the development of psychiatric disorders in offspring exposed to maternal stress during pregnancy. Methodological differences between studies contribute to unavoidable heterogeneity in study findings. Current data suggest that fetal exposure to maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, excessive glucocorticoids, and inflammation with resulting epigenetic changes at both the placental and fetal levels are important areas of continued investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrected author's last name is shown in the authorgroup and in affiliation section. The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00418-x B Correction to: GeroScience (2021) 43:2595-2609 b https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00418-x The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error on one of the author's last name. [Extracted from the article]

Belimumab was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in March 2011 as the first biological agent for treating active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report regarding a patient with SLE treated with belimumab who was diagnosed with central nervous system nocardiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. We identified academic training courses or topics most important to the careers of U.S. public health, environmental, and agricultural laboratory (PHEAL) scientist-managers and directors, and determined what portions of the national PHEAL workforce completed these courses. Methods. We conducted electronic national surveys in 2006 and 2011, and analyzed data using numerical ranking, Chi-square tests comparing rates, and Spearman's formula measuring rank correlation. Results. In 2006, 40 of 50 PHEAL directors identified 56 course topics as either important, useful, or not needed for someone in their position. These course topics were then ranked to provide a list of 31 core courses. In 2011, 1,659 of approximately 5,555 PHEAL scientific and technical staff, using a subset of 25 core courses, evidenced higher core course completion rates associated with higher-level job classification, advanced academic degree, and age. The 2011 survey showed that 287 PHEAL scientist-managers and directors, on average, completed 37.7% (n=5/13) of leadership/managerial core courses and 51.7% (n=6/12) of scientific core courses. For 1,659 laboratorians in all scientific and technical classifications, core-subject completion rates were higher in local laboratories (42.8%, n=11/25) than in state (36.0%, n=9/25), federal (34.4%, n=9/25), and university (31.2%, n=8/25) laboratories. Conclusions. There is a definable range of scientific, leadership, and managerial core courses needed by PHEAL scientist-managers and directors to function effectively in their positions. Potential PHEAL scientist-managers and directors need greater and continuing access to these courses, and academic and practice entities supporting development of this workforce should adopt curricula and core competencies aligned with these course topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuroprotective peptide crucial to the development and function of the nervous system that is important for both a healthy mood and pregnancy. The aim of this study was to definitively characterize serum BDNF levels in 3rd trimester pregnant women as compared to follicular phase, non-pregnant women who had been carefully screened for the absence of psychiatric illness. Method: Twenty healthy pregnant women ≥ 28 weeks gestational age with a healthy, singleton pregnancy and 20 non-pregnant, healthy women in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle were consecutively recruited from a general obstetrics clinic at the University of Pennsylvania from March 2010 through October 2010. Peripheral serum BDNF levels were evaluated in 20 pregnant women and 20 non-pregnant women in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Results: Median serum BDNF in the pregnant group was 11781.1 pg/ml (IQR 9435.2, 15936.4) and in the non- pregnant group was 23212.5 pg/ml (IQR 14644.0, 26287.9). Serum BDNF was significantly lower in the pregnant group compared to the non-pregnant group (p = .0029). Conclusions: This study confirms that serum BDNF is significantly lower in pregnant women compared to non- pregnant, follicular phase women even in the absence of psychiatric illness. In a subset of vulnerable women, low BDNF levels may precipitate an environment that puts women and their babies at increased risk for affective or neurodevelopmental disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initial COVID-19 pandemic research suggests that during the first few weeks of the pandemic women were disproportionately impacted by restrictions compared to men. This study explored whether these gender differences in coping with pandemic restrictions were present among older adults 8–9 months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Data are based on online survey responses (n = 781) from respondents aged 60 and older. The survey was fielded from November 2 to December 4, 2020. Compared to older men, a greater proportion of older women self-reported an increase in being lonely, anxious, scared, sad, stressed, hopeless, and frustrated as compared to the beginning of the pandemic. More women reported engaging in healthy coping behaviors compared to men and self-reported more decreases in sleeping and in eating compared to the first few weeks of the pandemic. A greater proportion of older women reported a decline in physical activity since the first few weeks of the pandemic compared to older men. Self-reported changes in communication did not differ by gender, except for text messaging. More women compared to men reported that their use of text messaging increased since the initial stages of the pandemic. Results showed significant gender differences among older adults in coping with long-term COVID-19 restrictions 8–9 months into the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Early sexual initiation is associated with elevated teenage pregnancy and STD risk, yet little is known about the prevalence and correlates of sexual behavior among young adolescents. Better information is needed to guide interventions to prevent early sexual debut. METHODS: Data from a 2005 survey of 4,557 sixth-, seventh- and eighth-grade students at 14 urban public schools in Southern California were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression, to identify correlates of oral sex, intercourse and both. RESULTS: Overall, 9% of youth had ever had sexual intercourse, and 8% had had oral sex. Three percent reported having had oral sex only, 4% intercourse only and 5% both. Among those who reported intercourse, 69% had used a condom at last intercourse, and 43% had had multiple partners. Being male, being black and having at least one friend who had ever been involved in a pregnancy were positively associated with having had intercourse only and both intercourse and oral sex (odds ratios, 1.7–4.2). Being in eighth grade, expecting to have intercourse in the next six months and currently having a boyfriend or girlfriend were positively associated with all three outcomes (2.1–7.2). Intercourse and oral sex were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions addressing oral sex, intercourse and multiple partners should begin before sixth grade and continue throughout the middle school years. Health professionals should target adolescent risk reduction counseling toward males, blacks, youth with a boyfriend or girlfriend, and those with a friend who has been involved in a pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) can occur co-morbidly with other axis I disorders, particularly mood and anxiety disorders. The data supporting this diagnostic dilemma are reviewed in terms of methodological comparisons between studies. The point prevalence of the co-occurrence of PMDD and other psychiatric disorders is discussed as well as implications for treatment and further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell wall of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis VKM Ас-1403Т (family Microbacteriaceae, class Actinobacteria) contains two polysaccharides. The first one is neutral (1 → 6) linked galactofuranan in which every second galactofuranose residue in the main chain substituted at position 3 by side trisaccharide, β-D-Glc p NAc-(1 → 3)-α-L-Rha p -(1 → 2)-α-D-Fuc p -(1 →. The second polymer is pyruvylated galactomannan with the repeating unit, →3)-α-D-Gal p -(1 → 3)-α-D-[4,6- S -Pyr]-Man p -(1 → 3)-α-D-Man p -(1 →. The cell wall glycopolymer structures were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The obtained results provide new data on the cell wall composition of plant pathogenic species of the genus Clavibacter and can promote understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in colonization and infection of plants. Image 1 • The novel galactofuranan and pyruvylated galactomannan structures are identified. • The (1 → 6) linked galactofuranan has side trisaccharide at O-3 on every second Gal f. • The pyruvylated galactomannan includes Gal p , Man p , (S)-Pyr in ratio: 1 : 2: 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]