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We examined the relationships between calf productivity, anemia and Theileria orientalis sergenti infection from records of 109 Japanese shorthorn calves during a grazing period and we quantified the relative importance of the T. orientalis sergenti infection-resistance criteria used. A decrease in average parasitemia (AvePara) and an increase in average packed cell volume (AvePCV) would cause a decrease in the number of drug treatments. An increase in AvePCV would decrease the number of drug treatments more efficiently than a decrease in AvePara. An increase in AvePCV would cause an increase in dairy gain, while a decrease in AvePara would cause a decrease in dairy gain. Therefore, an improvement in the capacity to control anemia development would improve T. orientalis sergenti infection resistance more efficiently than an improvement in the capacity to control parasitemia development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of five types of commercial nickel oxide particles was determined in different types of solutions, including distilled water, physiological saline, buffered saline, and tissue-culture medium, in order to estimate their solubility in the human respiratory tract. In addition, we examined the solubility of the two types of particles that were the most and least soluble particles of the above five types of nickel oxide, in rat alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro. The solubility of the nickel oxide particles in these solutions varied remarkably with their types, suggesting that, even though they are called as 'nickel oxide,' their solubilities are different among the manufacturer and the product lot. Their solubilities were also influenced by the types of solution and the existence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The solubility of nickel oxide particles in the alveolar macrophages was significantly larger than that observed in the culture medium without macrophages, but smaller than that observed in the distilled water. These results suggest that the actual solubility of nickel oxide particles in the respiratory tract may be difficult to estimate by the conventional solubility analysis method using distilled water, and that the enhancement of particle dissolution by the alveolar macrophages and the depression of particle solubility by the coexisting salt and carbon dioxide should be taken into consideration for the accurate estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser microprobe mass spectrometry was applied for the detection of inhomogeneity of the polycarbonate surface treated with silane coupling agent. Clear difference in spectrum patterns between the treatments with and without a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant was observed. The chemical bonds between silicon/zirconium and carbon have been confirmed to generate only in the presence of the surfactant which participates in homogenization of the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicates have several kinds of silicate tetrahedral network. Thirteen kinds of silicate minerals with 5 kinds of network structures have been analyzed with laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) and their spectra showed characteristic patterns according to their network structures. The Si-O fragment ions can be expressed as SiO ( n ≤ 4) for nesosilicates, SiO for inosilicates, SiO for phyllosilicates and SiO for tectosilicates. The Si-O system in the fragment ions in LMMS spectra suggests the pattern of network of tetrahedral SiO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new geometrical particle size separation method in the range of submicrometer has been developed for coal fly ash. Coal fly ash particles prefractionated less than 5 μm in geometrical diameter were fractionated with a coupling of supersonical dispersion in methyl alcohol and filtration through antistatic Nucleopore filter into >1.0, 1.0−0.8, 0.8−0.6 μm. Submicrometer (1.0−0.6 μm) and micrometer coal fly ash (25−20 μm) were separated into six density fractions and their compositions measured by SEM-EDX were compared. For the both size fractions, for the low density fractions (<2.8 g/cm) consisted mainly of aluminosilicates and the fractions of 2.8-3.2 g/cm consisted of oxides of aluminum, silicon and calcium, and in the fraction above 3.2 g/cm iron was rich. In submicrometer fly ash, phosphor and sulfur concentrated to the particles rich in calcium. In the heaviest fraction, the particles containing over 30 wt% titanium as oxide observed among the particles rich in iron. These fractions were revealed not as a single component, but as mixtures of several components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative Investigation of Cu-Ni and Ag-Pd Alloys with a Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer The analytical capability of the LAMMA-1000 instrument is discussed with respect to the evaporation and ionization probability for known concentrations of binary alloys with gradually changing composition. The relative sensitivity coefficients of Ni to Cu and Pd to Ag were found to be constant at 0.95±0.20 and 0.54±0.09, respectively, for a variety of binary alloy. No correlation with the alloy density was found for a variety of binary alloys. The ionization probability remains constant when the alloy composition changes. It is assumed that the selective evaporation does not occur within and near the laser focus. The phase transition and evaporation kinetics with respect to time and space seem to be a less dominant factor for ion formation in the LAMMA instrument. The absolute quantitative analysis is possible by the use of a calibration curve, if the total ions or the sampling volume can be determined. The use of the relative sensitivity coefficients is an effective method for a quantitative analysis with an error of 10-30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Presents a study which looks at the effect of verbal cues on the recognition for unfamiliar odors. Detailed information on the methodology used to conduct the study; Results of the study; Discussion surrounding the results of the study.