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Recent advances in titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXenes with various synthesis approaches and influential parameters are disclosed to stimulate charge separation efficiency. The synthesis environment, parameters, etchings agents, intercalation and heterojunction formation have influential effect on maximizing photocatalytic CO2reduction and hydrogen production efficiency.

Serious consequences including septicemia and amputations can result from complex wounds, which is a serious healthcare concern. In addition, there are currently only a few choices for management, which justifies the search for novel, highly effective wound-healing medications. This research work was aimed at fabricating chitosan-based Alkanna tinctoriaand Mupirocin nanoparticles by ionic gelation technique for burn wound management. Preliminary studies were conducted, and the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques that involve, high-performance liquid chromatography for the detection of components in A. tinctoriaroot extract, ATR-FTIR, particle size, zeta potential, percent drug content (DC%), percent entrapment efficiency (EE%), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for surface morphology. The optimized formulation CS-AT-MU-NPs3 shows a particle size of 340.8 ± 34.46 nm and positive zeta potential 27.3 ± 3.10 mV. In vitrodrug release study was also performed, which demonstrated improved and controlled release of the drug from the nanoparticles. The CS-AT-MU-NPs3 exhibited a maximum release up to 92.61% (AT) and 88.35% (MU). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulation were also accessed by utilizing the agar well diffusion technique. The combination of AT and MU in chitosan-based nanoparticles was significantly effective against bacterial and fungal strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicansas compared to other formulations. The skin irritation study was also conducted, which shows that the prepared formulation did not cause any observable changes to the skin in terms of inflammation, erythema, edema, or any other symptoms associated with skin irritation. All the chitosan-based nanoparticles showed almost 75% reduction in wound contraction, while the optimized formulation CS-AT-MU-NPs3 showed complete wound healing on the 15th day. Based on the results, it can be assumed that chitosan-based nanoparticles containing A. tinctoriaand Mupirocin demonstrated good wound healing and could be used to effectively manage burn wounds of any description.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have a critical function in mitigating the disease of fruits and vegetables. In the present investigation, the effects of three levels of concentrations (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/mL) of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2-NPs) and silicon dioxide NPs (SiO2-NPs) were investigated against fungus Phomopsis vexans, bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, and Meloidogyne incognita(root-knot nematode). The present investigation’s findings found that the application of SiO2-NPs was more efficient against test pathogens in comparison to TiO2-NPs. The best result produced by SiO2-NPs against pathogenic strain was used in the molecular docking investigation with the protein of R. solanacearumto better understand the interaction of active amino acids with SiO2-NPs. The obtained results revealed that the administration of 0.20 mg/mL foliar spray of SiO2-NPs in plants with M. incognitaimproves up to 37.92% of shoot dry weight and increases 70.42% of chlorophyll content. P. vexansgrowth was suppressed by 41.2% with 0.62 mm of inhibition zone when SiO2-NPs were given at a dosage of 0.20 mg/mL. The reductions in egg hatching and M. incognita(J2) mortality were greater in SiO2-NPs than in TiO2-NPs. The results of scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the application of both NPs harmed test pathogens. The confocal study also showed the penetration of NPs among test pathogens.

This article reports a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of ZnO/Fe3O4nanocomposites using Callistemon viminalisleaves’ water extract. For the first time, we used a green synthetic route via C. viminalisleaves’ extract to prepare ZnO/Fe3O4nanocomposites (NCs) using zinc acetate and ferric chloride as precursor materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic results revealed polyphenolic compounds mainly phenolic acids present in the plant extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize ZnO/Fe3O4NCs. Outcomes of XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ZnO–Fe3O4heterojunction in ZnO/Fe3O4NCs, with crystallite sizes of 45, 35, and 60 nm, respectively, according to Debye–Scherrer’s formula. EDX confirmed Zn, Fe, and O in the ZnO/Fe3O4nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed the existence of both ZnO and Fe3O4in the NCs with some agglomeration. The thermal stability of NCs was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, as-prepared ZnO/Fe3O4NCs along with biosynthesized ZnO and Fe3O4(prepared by C. viminalisextract) nanoparticles were examined for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation for 150 min. The result reveals that the photodegradation efficiency of ZnO/Fe3O4NCs (99.09%) was higher compared to that of monometallic ZnO (84.7%) and Fe3O4(37.1%) nanoparticles.

Fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene nanosheets with a unique morphology coupled with a 2D g-C3N4/TiO2heterojunction for hydrogen-rich syngas production during photocatalytic bireforming of methane (PBRM) under visible light has been investigated. The delaminated Ti3C2layered nanosheets in the TiO2/g-C3N4/Ti3C2heterojunction promoted charge-carrier separation efficiency by decreasing the traveling distance to reach the surface and increased the visible light absorption. The highest CO and H2production of 48.38 and 83.2 μmol g–1was achieved over g-C3N4/TiO2/Ti3C2, which is 5.17- and 9.85-fold higher compared to TiO2, respectively. The enhanced photoactivity can be attributed to the extension of visible light absorption, accelerated migration rates of the charge carrier, intimate contact, decreased traveling distance of excited electrons, and strong adsorption of reactants. In view of adsorption competition among the reactants, an optimized CO2/CH4molar feed ratio of 1.0 promoted H2-rich syngas production. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) reached as high as 0.408 and 0.698% for CO and H2production during the BRM process under visible light. The stability analysis further confirms high stability and durability of the composite catalyst in multiple cycles because of the presence of MXene sheets. This work provides new pathways to construct a low-cost and noble metal-free structured composite for stimulating photocatalytic BRM under visible light, which can be employed in solar energy applications.

Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is an innovative approach for water desalination that concurrently produces energy through the process of substrate oxidation. The primary issue of the technique is its limited power on capabilities during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). While the depletion of oxygen is a significant process in electrochemical energy conversion, its slow kinetics hinder its utilization in MDCs. One potential resolution to this problem is the utilization of a cathode catalyst with a high level of activity, which effectively enhances the rate of ORR. Different concentrations of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were used to investigate the behavior of ORR and its impact on the performance of the MDC. The optimal concentration of silver oxide (AgO) NPs was utilized to conduct a comparative analysis of both types of NPs. The size of CuO NPs and AgO NPs was found to be 65nm and 55nm respectively by material characterization studies. The power density achieved in the absence of the catalyst was 1.1W/m3, and this value increased to 4.9W/m3with the incorporation of 3mg/cm2AgO. The use of a catalyst loading of 3mg/cm2has been determined to be efficacious in enhancing the desalination rate in MDC. The electrochemical investigations conducted also showed an improvement in the electrocatalytic behavior of cathodic kinetics while operating under these specific afterward. Therefore, the utilization of AgO catalyst exhibits potential as a viable option for the expansion of MDC processes, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development objectives.

The goal of this work was to assess the cytotoxicity, chemical characteristics, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity of green-synthesized MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) produced from pumpkin seed extract for their potential therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. The shape, chemical properties, and thermal stability of MgO NPs made with green synthesis were looked at with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis. Three cell lines, HCT-116, HT29, and Vero, were used to test the cytotoxicity of MgO NPs. The AlamarBlue® assay was used for HCT-116 and Vero cells, and the Neutral Red (NR) Uptake Assay was used for HT29 cells. A molecular docking study was done to find out how MgO nanoparticles and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a protein linked to cancerous cells growing out of control, interact. The morphological properties, size, aggregation, shapeless pores, and high surface-to-area volume ratio of biosynthesized MgO NPs were shown using SEM and TEM imagings. The elemental composition of Mg and O in green-synthesized MgO NPs was validated using EDX. The AlamarBlue®assay did not yield IC50values for HCT-116 and Vero cells, suggesting minimal cytotoxicity in these cell lines. However, the NR Uptake Assay showed an IC50of 164.1 µg/mL for HT29 cells, indicating a significant impact. The DPPH experiment revealed that MgO nanoparticles had high antioxidant activity, with a scavenging capacity of 61% and an IC50of 170 μg/mL. In conclusion, MgO nanoparticles produced utilizing green chemistry demonstrated a wide range of biological features, including antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against three cell lines. According to molecular docking studies, these nanoparticles may interact with CDK2, a protein implicated in cancer cell growth. These findings emphasize MgO nanoparticles’ potential for cancer treatment. However, further study is needed to understand the underlying processes and investigate therapeutic applications.