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The implementation of environmental protection strategy necessarily requires mapping the amount of capital stock of environmental infrastructure. Through the Weibull distribution function and hyperbolic age-decreasing efficiency model, the provincial environmental infrastructure capital stock in China from 1980 to 2018 is measured cautiously, and its spatial dynamics with the generated pollutants is analyzed using the center of gravity method. It is found that: the spatial distribution of environmental infrastructure capital stock is uneven, and the unevenness in the east-west direction is greater than that in the north-south direction, but the unevenness in the east-west direction is narrowing while the north-south direction is widening; the spatial and temporal distribution of environmental infrastructure capital and environmental pollution vary greatly, and the spatial management of environmental pollution is less accurate.

Ultrathin nanoframes with more available electrocatalytic active sites on both internal and external surfaces have attracted great attention especially in the field of electrocatalysis. Herein, we report a facile process to prepare PdAu nanorings (NRs) in aqueous solution without adding any organic ligands. The growth mechanism of PdAu NRs was explored in detail. The Au precursors were reduced into Au clusters around the edges of Pd nanosheets (NSs) via galvanic replacement, then the center of Pd NSs was oxidatively etched by Cl

Rationale: The relationship between eczema, wheeze or asthma, and rhinitis is complex, and epidemiology and mechanisms of their comorbidities is unclear. Objectives: To investigate within-individual patterns of morbidity of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis from birth to adolescence/early adulthood. Methods: We investigated onset, progression, and resolution of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis using descriptive statistics, sequence mining, and latent Markov modeling in four population-based birth cohorts. We used logistic regression to ascertain if early-life eczema or wheeze, or genetic factors (filaggrin [FLG] mutations and 17q21 variants), increase the risk of multimorbidity. Measurements and Main Results: Single conditions, although the most prevalent, were observed significantly less frequently than by chance. There was considerable variation in the timing of onset/remission/persistence/intermittence. Multimorbidity of eczema1wheeze1rhinitis was rare but significantly overrepresented (three to six times more often than by chance). Although infantile eczema was associated with subsequent multimorbidity, most children with eczema (75.4%) did not progress to any multimorbidity pattern. FLG mutations and rs7216389 were not associated with persistence of eczema/wheeze as single conditions, but both increased the risk of multimorbidity (FLG by 2- to 3-fold, rs7216389 risk variant by 1.4- to 1.7-fold). Latent Markov modeling revealed five latent states (no disease/low risk, mainly eczema, mainly wheeze, mainly rhinitis, multimorbidity). The most likely transition to multimorbidity was from eczema state (0.21). However, although this was one of the highest transition probabilities, only one-fifth of those with eczema transitioned to multimorbidity. Conclusions: Atopic diseases fit a multimorbidity framework, with no evidence for sequential atopic march progression. The highest transition to multimorbidity was from eczema, but most children with eczema (more than three-quarters) had no comorbidities.

Background: The anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the pulmonary artery is extremely scarce. At present, there are few relevant research and medical treatment data. This case is intended to provide relevant information and share treatment experiences. Case information: A 6-year-old child was diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus and underwent surgery five years ago with occasional dizziness. After examination, it was found that the abnormality of her left common carotid artery originated from the pulmonary artery, and the patient underwent arterial ligation with the monitoring of cerebral oxygen consumption by near-infrared spectroscopy after careful preoperative evaluation. At present, it has been two years after the operation, and the patient is in good condition and has received regular follow-up. Conclusion: For patients with an abnormal left common carotid artery from the pulmonary artery, after careful preoperative evaluation such as cerebral angiography, under the monitoring of cerebral oxygen consumption by near-infrared spectroscopy, ligation of the proximal end of the artery of abnormal origin is safe and feasible.

As a popular icon across several cultures in East and South East Asia, Teresa Teng demonstrated and promoted natural, tender and unstrained aesthetics for beautiful singing. Although never included in either Chinese or Japanese formal music education curricula, Teng’s music provided an alternative for people to express their emotions outside of school music education and gradually influenced the aesthetic standard for singing in music education for generations. Through historical and cultural reporting, as well as an autobiographical narration, this article explores the significant influence of Teresa Teng in Chinese and Japanese music education realms from the late twentieth century until today.

In response to the issue of large input current ripple and noise, which can cause current shocks and compromise the overall stability in single-tube wireless power transmission systems, a P# type LCC-S compensation network and a multi-coil phase-shifting control method have been proposed to suppress input current ripple, improve input current waveform, reduce input current total harmonic distortion (THD), and ultimately enhance system efficiency and stability. Firstly, the working mode and waveform of the P# type LCC-S compensation network are analyzed, and the calculation method for its parameters is provided. Secondly, the analytical relationship between input current, input voltage, coil mutual inductance, and load impedance of the multi-coil array is derived. Additionally, Fourier transform is used to analyze the input current composition, and the phase shift suppression method is employed to reduce the input current ripple. Finally, a test platform is constructed to verify the relevant experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the input current ripple is significantly suppressed at the rated transmission power, and the system efficiency is improved to 88.2%, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper investigates the existence of positive periodic solutions for a periodic predator-prey model with fear effect and general functional responses. The general functional responses can cover the Holling types II and III functional response, the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response, the Crowley–Martin functional response, the ratio-dependent type with Michaelis–Menten type functional response, etc. Some new sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions of the model are obtained by employing the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and some ingenious estimation techniques for the upper and lower bounds of the a priori solutions of the corresponding operator equation. Our results considerably improve and extend some known results.

Objective：To observe the relationship between GFR and unit volume in single kidney in infants with congenital hydronephrosis measured by 99mTc-DMSA static renal imaging and renal ultrasonography. Methods：According to the classification of hydronephrosis, 38 infants with congenital hydronephrosis within 12 months were divided into six groups: normal left and right kidney groups, mild hydronephrosis left and right kidney groups, and severe hydronephrosis left and right kidney groups. Within one week, all patients received ultrasonic examination, diuretic dynamic renal imaging and static renal imaging respectively, and lateral imagings of both kidneys was performed after static renal imaging. The length,width and thickness of kidneys measured by ultrasound and static renal imaging were substituted into the improvement formula of pediatric renal volume:length×width×thickness×0.674, respectively, to obtain the renal volumes in groups,and the renal function in per unit volume (GFR/unit volume, ml/cm3) was calculated. Paired t test was used for data, and pResults：The length,width and volume of left and right kidneys in normal groups and mild hydronephrosis groups measured by static renal imaging were slightly larger than those from ultrasound, while the renal function in per unit volume were smaller than those measured by ultrasound. On the contrary, the length,width and volume of left and right kidneys in severe hydronephrosis groups were slightly smaller than those from ultrasound, while the renal function in per unit volume were larger than those measured by ultrasound, and the results among all groups had statistical differences (p3（left kidney）in static renal imaging, but the largest renal function in per unit volume in kidney with normal function was 2.20ml/cm3（right kidney）in ultrasonography,and the renal function in per unit volume was significantly higher in right kidney than in left kidney.There were a highly positive correlation between GFR and renal volume in normal left kidney group and mild hydronephrosis left and right kidney groups (normal left kidney group: r=0.865, mild hydronephrosis left kidney group:r=0.872,mild hydronephrosis right kidney group:r=0.822).There were a moderate positive correlation between GFR and renal volume in normal right kidney group and severe hydronephrosis left and right kidney groups (normal right kidney group: r=0.783, severe hydronephrosis left kidney group:r=0.542,severe hydronephrosis right kidney group:r=0.798). There were a linear relationship between GFR and renal volume measured by ultrasonography in groups,and linear regression equations in groups were obtained. Conclusion：The GFR in per unit volume of kidney with normal function was about 1.62-2.20ml/cm3, which was significantly higher in right kidney than in left kidney,and that in kidneys with hydronephrosis also decreased with the gradual aggravated hydronephrosis.

The most commonly utilized class of chemotherapeutic agents administered as a first-line therapy are antimitotic drugs; however, their clinical success is often impeded by chemoresistance and disease relapse. Hence, a better understanding of the cellular pathways underlying escape from cell death is critical. Mitotic slippage describes the cellular process where cells exit antimitotic drug-enforced mitotic arrest and “slip” into interphase without proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. The current report explores the cell fate consequence following mitotic slippage and assesses a major outcome following treatment with many chemotherapies, therapy-induced senescence. It was found that cells postslippage entered senescence and could impart the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factor production elicited paracrine protumorigenic effects, such as migration, invasion, and vascularization. Both senescence and SASP factor development were found to be dependent on autophagy. Autophagy induction during mitotic slippage involved the autophagy activator AMPK and endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein PERK. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy or silencing of autophagy-related ATG5 led to a bypass of G1 arrest senescence, reduced SASP-associated paracrine tumorigenic effects, and increased DNA damage after S-phase entry with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Consistent with this, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel synergistically inhibited tumor growth in mice. Sensitivity to this combinatorial treatment was dependent on p53 status, an important factor to consider before treatment.Implications: Clinical regimens targeting senescence and SASP could provide a potential effective combinatorial strategy with antimitotic drugs. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1625–40. ©2018 AACR.

S1. Post-slippage cells arrest at G1 as tetraploid multinucleated cells. S2. Correlation of multinucleation and senescence post-slippage in response to various anti-mitotic drugs. S3. In vivo association of senescence and anti-mitotic drug treatment. S4. Post-slippage cells increase expression of factors associated with senescence and SASP. S5. SASP factors from post-slippage cells do not affect proliferation of neighbouring cells. S6. Autophagy mediates senescence. S7. Autophagy does not modulate cell fate during prolonged mitotic arrest. S8. Autophagy-dependent IL-1β and IL-8 expression mediate cell invasiveness in a paracrine manner. S9. Silencing of p53 increases post-slippage cell death. S10. p53 status determines synergistic effect of microtubule poisons and autophagy inhibition. Table S1. List of differentially regulated proteins after 48 h Noc treatment detected by SILAC mass spectrometry. Table S2. List of antibodies. Table S3. List of chemicals. Table S4. List of primers. Table S5. Quantitative H scoring method

MXenes, as two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides, have very excellent electrical properties and surface activity and are increasingly used in supercapacitors, batteries, electromagnetic interference shielding, and composite materials. Still, the poor stability of MXene when exposed to aqueous oxygen and the poor ability to interact with the polymer matrix have become important factors limiting its’ practical applications. To enhance stability, highly conductive and stretchable Ti3C2MXene/TPU sensing elements were prepared by a simple spraying process using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a substrate, and the sensing elements were encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to obtain MXene-TPU/PDMS constructed flexible strain sensors with excellent performance. This strain sensor features low detection limits (less than 0.005%, 0.5 μm), a wide sensing range (0–90%), a short response time (120.1 ms), and excellent durability (>3000 cycles). This strain sensor can be applied to a range of applications such as health detection, motion signals, detection of robot movements, and wearable electronic devices.

Sequential separation-driven steam methane reforming derives low-carbon-footprint H2 with >99% conversion (CH4), yield and selectivity (H2 & CO2) and low energy penalty at 400 °C and 1 bar, and integrates well with solar trough technology.

A vanadium(iv) metal–organic framework, BIT-66, can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of amines and sulfides with a high selectivity upon visible-light irradiation.

Ultrathin RhCuAgPd/Pd nanowire heterostructures were prepared by a seed-mediated growth method. Due to the synergistic structural (including ultrathin NWs and interfaces) and compositional (Pd, Rh, Cu and Ag) advantages, the RhCuAgPd/Pd NWs exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance toward ethylene glycol oxidation under alkaline conditions, including high mass activity (6.63 A mg

Supplementary Materials and Methods from A Role for TAZ in Migration, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

We show here that PRL-3 protein is expressed in fetal heart, developing blood vessels, and pre-erythrocytes but not in their mature counterparts. These observations imply that PRL-3 may be involved in the early development of the circulatory system. Because PRL-3 mRNA had been reported to be consistently elevated in metastatic samples derived from colorectal cancers, we attempted to investigate if PRL-3 might be involved in tumor angiogenesis and if PRL-3-expressing cells could cross-talk to human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) by using an in vitro coculture system. HUVECs were grown with fibroblasts, which were later overlaid with PRL-3-expressing cells. We observed that both PRL-3-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and PRL-3-expressing DLD-1 human colon cancer cells could redirect the migration of HUVECs toward them; in addition, PRL-3-expressing DLD-1 cells could enhance HUVEC vascular formation. In vivo injection of PRL-3-expressing CHO cells into nude mice to form local tumors resulted in the recruitment of host endothelial cells into the tumors and initiation of angiogenesis. We further showed that PRL-3-expressing cells reduced interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression levels and thus attenuated IL-4 inhibitory effects on the HUVEC vasculature. Our findings provide direct evidence that PRL-3 may be involved in triggering angiogenesis and establishing microvasculature and it may serve as an attractive therapeutic target with respect to both angiogenesis and cancer metastasis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9625-35)

Supplementary Serial Section 2 from PRL-3 Initiates Tumor Angiogenesis by Recruiting Endothelial Cells In vitro and In vivo

Supplementary Table 1 from A Role for TAZ in Migration, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

Supplementary Figure 2 from A Role for TAZ in Migration, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

Supplementary Fig. 1 from The Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Inhibitor and Likely Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Sprouty 1 and Sprouty 2 Are Deregulated in Breast Cancer

TAZ (WWTR1), identified as a 14-3-3 binding protein with a PDZ binding motif, modulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. We now show that TAZ plays a critical role in the migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. TAZ is conspicuously expressed in human breast cancer cell lines in which its expression levels generally correlate with the invasiveness of cancer cells. Overexpression of TAZ in low-expressing MCF10A cells causes morphologic changes characteristic of cell transformation and promotes cell migration and invasion. Conversely, RNA interference–mediated knockdown of TAZ expression in MCF7 and Hs578T cells reduces cell migration and invasion. TAZ knockdown in MCF7 cells also retards anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Significantly, TAZ is overexpressed in ∼20% of breast cancer samples. These results indicate that TAZ plays a role in the migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells and thus presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2592–8]

Sprouty (Spry) proteins were found to be endogenous inhibitors of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that play an important role in the remodeling of branching tissues. We investigated Spry expression levels in various cancers and found that Spry1 and Spry2 were down-regulated consistently in breast cancers. Such prevalent patterns of down-regulation may herald the later application of these isoforms as tumor markers that are breast cancer specific and more profound than currently characterized markers. Spry1 and 2 were expressed specifically in the luminal epithelial cells of breast ducts, with higher expression during stages of tissue remodeling when the epithelial ducts are forming and branching. These findings suggest that Sprys might be involved as a modeling counterbalance and surveillance against inappropriate epithelial expansion. The abrogation of endogenous Spry activity in MCF-7 cells by the overexpression of a previously characterized dominant-negative mutant of Spry, hSpry2Y55F resulted in enhanced cell proliferation in vitro. The hSpry2Y55F stably expressing cells also formed larger and greater number of colonies in the soft-agar assay. An in vivo nude mice assay showed a dramatic increase in the tumorigenic potential of hSpry2Y55F stable cells. The consistent down-regulation of Spry1 and 2 in breast cancer and the experimental evidence using a dominant-negative hSpry2Y55F indicate that Spry proteins may actively maintain tissue integrity that runs amok when their expression is decreased below normal threshold levels. This alludes to a previously unrecognized role for Sprys in cancer development.

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2, Table Legend 1 from A Role for TAZ in Migration, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

Supplementary Serial Section 1 from PRL-3 Initiates Tumor Angiogenesis by Recruiting Endothelial Cells In vitro and In vivo

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from PRL-3 Initiates Tumor Angiogenesis by Recruiting Endothelial Cells In vitro and In vivo

Supplementary Figure 1 from A Role for TAZ in Migration, Invasion, and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells

Supplementary Serial Section 3 from PRL-3 Initiates Tumor Angiogenesis by Recruiting Endothelial Cells In vitro and In vivo