Search

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning technique. PAN nanofibers were chemically modified with amidoxime groups. The titanium oxide (TiO2) was then introduced to amidoxime-modified PAN (OM-PAN), which was then used for the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The morphology and photodegradation study was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometry, respectively. The SEM study showed the presence of TiO2particles on the surface of OM-PAN nanofiber mat in agglomerated form and was confirmed by energy dispersive X-rays analysis. The photodegradation study of methylene blue showed that the dye degradation was increased as increased in the irradiation time. The effect of pH on degradation efficiency showed that with an increase in pH the degradation efficiency increases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, Lal [9] has determined the degree of approximation of function belonging to Lip α and weighted classes using Product C¹. Np summability with non-increasing weights{pn}. In this paper, we determine the degree of approximation of function f, conjugate to a 2π-periodic function f belonging to Lip (ξ (t), r)-class using semi-monotonicity on the generating sequence {pn} with proper set of conditions. Few applications of approximation of functions will also be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral blood smears from the Uttara fowl (Gallus domesticus) were examined for the distribution and localization of iron, lipid, glycogen and DNA. A few erythrocytes showed fine blue coloured granules with acid ferrocyanide stain. The nuclear DNA stained orthochromatically greenish yellow, whereas cytoplasmic RNA stained metachromatically red when stained for DNA. The eosinophilic granules stained intense greyish black with SBB stain for lipid and magenta coloured with PAS when stained for glycogen. Heterophils showed weak positive reaction in the cytoplasm with SBB staining. The heterophil, basophil and thrombocyte showed moderate reaction for PAS staining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photodegradation of organic pollutants is considered to be the most suitable and cheaper technique to counter the decontamination issues. Metal nanoparticles are considered to be the most effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. Besides, iron oxide nanoparticles are well-known photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants.We reported the synthesis of neat iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and zirconia supported iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs) by facile chemical reduction technique for photodegradation ofa toxic azo dye namely methyl red.The XRD and FTIR analysis has demonstrated a crystalline phase Fe3O4 NPs. The morphological features via scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) suggested agglomerated morphology of neat Fe3O4 NPs with 803.54 ± 5.11 nm average particle size and revealed the uniform morphology and homogenous dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2 surface in Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. A polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.47 showed sufficient variations in the particle size of neat Fe3O4 NPs, which is also supported by the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM), FESEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs demonstrated efficient methyl red degradation over a short period of time under simulated light and degraded about ~ 91.0 ± 1.0% and 87.0 ± 1.0% dye in 40 min, under UV and visible light, respectively.The excellent photodegradation efficacy and sustainability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs can be attributed to the homogenous distribution of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2, which facilitates the generation of photoexcitons (electrons and holes), enhanced charge transfer and minimize the charge recombination.Methods: Photodegradation of organic pollutants is considered to be the most suitable and cheaper technique to counter the decontamination issues. Metal nanoparticles are considered to be the most effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. Besides, iron oxide nanoparticles are well-known photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants.We reported the synthesis of neat iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and zirconia supported iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs) by facile chemical reduction technique for photodegradation ofa toxic azo dye namely methyl red.The XRD and FTIR analysis has demonstrated a crystalline phase Fe3O4 NPs. The morphological features via scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) suggested agglomerated morphology of neat Fe3O4 NPs with 803.54 ± 5.11 nm average particle size and revealed the uniform morphology and homogenous dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2 surface in Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. A polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.47 showed sufficient variations in the particle size of neat Fe3O4 NPs, which is also supported by the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM), FESEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs demonstrated efficient methyl red degradation over a short period of time under simulated light and degraded about ~ 91.0 ± 1.0% and 87.0 ± 1.0% dye in 40 min, under UV and visible light, respectively.The excellent photodegradation efficacy and sustainability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs can be attributed to the homogenous distribution of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2, which facilitates the generation of photoexcitons (electrons and holes), enhanced charge transfer and minimize the charge recombination.Results: Photodegradation of organic pollutants is considered to be the most suitable and cheaper technique to counter the decontamination issues. Metal nanoparticles are considered to be the most effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. Besides, iron oxide nanoparticles are well-known photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants.We reported the synthesis of neat iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and zirconia supported iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs) by facile chemical reduction technique for photodegradation ofa toxic azo dye namely methyl red.The XRD and FTIR analysis has demonstrated a crystalline phase Fe3O4 NPs. The morphological features via scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) suggested agglomerated morphology of neat Fe3O4 NPs with 803.54 ± 5.11 nm average particle size and revealed the uniform morphology and homogenous dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2 surface in Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. A polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.47 showed sufficient variations in the particle size of neat Fe3O4 NPs, which is also supported by the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM), FESEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs demonstrated efficient methyl red degradation over a short period of time under simulated light and degraded about ~ 91.0 ± 1.0% and 87.0 ± 1.0% dye in 40 min, under UV and visible light, respectively.The excellent photodegradation efficacy and sustainability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs can be attributed to the homogenous distribution of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2, which facilitates the generation of photoexcitons (electrons and holes), enhanced charge transfer and minimize the charge recombination.Conclusion: Photodegradation of organic pollutants is considered to be the most suitable and cheaper technique to counter the decontamination issues. Metal nanoparticles are considered to be the most effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. Besides, iron oxide nanoparticles are well-known photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants.We reported the synthesis of neat iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and zirconia supported iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs) by facile chemical reduction technique for photodegradation ofa toxic azo dye namely methyl red.The XRD and FTIR analysis has demonstrated a crystalline phase Fe3O4 NPs. The morphological features via scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) suggested agglomerated morphology of neat Fe3O4 NPs with 803.54 ± 5.11 nm average particle size and revealed the uniform morphology and homogenous dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2 surface in Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. A polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.47 showed sufficient variations in the particle size of neat Fe3O4 NPs, which is also supported by the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM), FESEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs demonstrated efficient methyl red degradation over a short period of time under simulated light and degraded about ~ 91.0 ± 1.0% and 87.0 ± 1.0% dye in 40 min, under UV and visible light, respectively.The excellent photodegradation efficacy and sustainability of Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs can be attributed to the homogenous distribution of Fe3O4 NPs over ZrO2, which facilitates the generation of photoexcitons (electrons and holes), enhanced charge transfer and minimize the charge recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing energy crises and accumulating organics in water have caused significant threats to the economy and environment in the current time. To minimize the impact of these problem, here we established a 2D/2D interaction between MoS 2 and g-C 3 N 4 through simple hydrothermal and calcination processes and was further loaded with Au nanoparticles. The visible light driven photocatalysis was arrived by splitting water and degrading hazardous pollutant in wastewater. The large surface to surface interaction exceedingly increased the charge transfer and separation for highly speedy photocatalysis. About 220 μmol H 2 was available from 2Au/9MS/CN nanocomposite in 1 h which was 24.44 times higher than the amount available from bare g-C 3 N 4. Further, all the photocatalysts delivered acceptable eradication activity for 2-chlorphenol and 68% pollutant was removed in 1 h. The highly accelerated photocatalysis with 2Au/9MS/CN nanocomposite is related to the extended visible light purchasing due to the surface plasmon resonance of the Au metal and enhanced charge separation arrived from the well-established 2D/2D heterojunction. We hope that this work will attract major attention of the researchers towards the preparation of dimension-matched 2D/2D heterojunctional nanocomposites for energy production and eradication of organics from water. [Display omitted] • Nanosheet-nanosheet interaction was made between MoS 2 and g-C 3 N 4. • Au nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of nanocomposite. • The nanocomposite delivered extended photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation. • These activities are credited to improved charge transfer and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide imidacloprid is used to poison a particular class of living things. Modern insecticides, on the other hand, pose serious risks to people and other living things when used in aquatic environments. The degradation of water by photocatalysis has the potential to be effective. The present study focused on exploring the potential of novel Mg–ZnO/Nylon6,6/PMMA nanocomposites for complete mineralization of imidacloprid with the aim to sustain the pollutant free safe water supply. The composites were prepared by solution casting process and characterized by Scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology study reveals that both ZnO and Mg doped ZnO nanoparticle (Mg–ZnO NPs) are well embedded in nylon6,6/PMMA blend These nanocomposites were used as a photocatalyst to study the UV irradiated degradation of imidacloprid while optimizing the process parameters such as time of UV irradiation, and composite loading. The results revealed an increase in photodegradation of imidacloprid by Mg–ZnO/Nylon6,6/PMMA (78% within 2 h) nanocomposites than pure Nylon 6,6 ZnO/Nylon6,6/PMMA. Nylon 6,6 are highly porous than composites and uptake high percentage amount of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory of approximation is a very extensive field and study of approximation via qcalculus and (p, q)- calculus is of great mathematical interest with great practical importance. Positive approximation processes play an important role in approximation theory and appear in a very natural way dealing with approximation of continuous functions, especially one, which requires further qualitative properties such as monotonicity, convexity and shape preservation and so on. This paper deals with the q-form of Dunkl generalization of Szász - Beta type operators. Estimation of their moments and establishing basic approximation results which comprise weighted approximation and direct estimates in view of modulus of continuity is the aim of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium nanocrystals (PdNCs) were synthesized and immobilized on functionalized mica (PdNCs@FM). PdNCs@FM was used for catalyzing C–C coupling reaction. Preliminary, the activities of both palladium nanocubes/octahedra immobilized on functionalized mica (Pdc@FM/Pdo@FM) were investigated through probe reaction (hydrogenation of benzaldehyde: BzH). Probe reactions revealed that Pdo@FM was highly active for hydrogenation of BzH to benzyl alcohol (BzOH) (yield: > 99% and selectivity > 96%). TEM images reflect uniform distribution of nanocrystals (NCs) on the surface of functionalized mica (FM) with ≈ 8% poly dispersity while SEM confirms smooth morphology of the catalyst. The average size of the NCs was 7–10 nm, while bulk particle size of PdNCs@FM was in the range 149–177 μm. Surface area of FM and PdNCs@FM was 71+ and 59m2/g, respectively. The Pdo@FM efficiently catalyzed Heck reaction of ethyl-benzimidazole acetate with bromobenzene to yield 99% isolated ethyl 2-(2-phenyl-1H –benzo [d]imidazole-1-yl) acetate. DFT study indicate that the ethyl-benzimidazole acetate (BZ) strongly anchored with the palladium decorated functionalized mica surface, evince the high catalytic activity of the catalyst. It was confirmed that PdNCs@FM can be effectively used for hydrogenation of aldehyde/ketone and C–C coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying density functional theory simulations, in this study, we examine the sensing properties of Ru-TNT surface towards NOx molecules such as NO and NO 2. The obtained results show that Ru doping creates a large-spin density over the Ru-TNT surface, which hints at an increase in the adsorption energy of NOx molecules. The electronic properties of the Ru-TNT surface are significantly altered after NO and NO 2 molecule adsorption, as proven by the larger change in the energy gap values. Moreover, the selectivity study indicates that the Ru-TNT is capable of selectively sensing the NOx molecules in the presence of other gases, e.g., CO 2 , CO, NH 3 and H 2 O. Using an external positive electric field can resist the strong anchoring of NOx molecules over the Ru-TNT surface, suggesting that material recovery is feasible. Thus, the Ru-TNT structure can be applied as a selective, sensitive, and promising ambient temperature gas sensor for NOx molecules. [Display omitted] • The study compares the adsorption of NOx molecules onto TiO2 and Ru-doped TiO2 nanotubes using the DFT calculations • NOx are chemically adsorbed over the Ru doped titanium oxide nanotube • Selectivity study evince that the Ru-TNT selectively adsorbed NOx in presence of other potential gases • The recovery time study and applied electric field study shows that the Ru-TNT is fast and easy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetragonal zirconia was synthesized through microwave modified method and screened for the model reaction (hydrogenation of octanal to octanol) in self-design microwave reactor in a solvent-free system. The catalyst shows microwave cooperative activity with high selectivity toward desire products. The same reaction was also performed under conventional heating system in Parr reactor. The microwave protocol was found more effective in term of conversion and selectivity under optimal reaction conditions. The enhance activity is due to enormous reducing sites production on the surface triggered by microwave irradiation. Here, the mechanism of acidic site population on the surface was comprehensively investigated and correlated with catalyst efficiency. The gas chromatographic studies revealed the formation of octanol as a major product while other small peaks reflect the formation of byproducts C16 aldol, C16 α, β-unsaturated aldehyde and C24 acetal. Thus, the tetragonal zirconia can be used for the conversion of aldehyde to alcohol under microwave irradiation efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A comprehensive review centers on MXene-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions and their potential in energy storage devices has been designed. • A thorough literature investigation of the MXenes-based materials and their comparison regarding application in catalysis and energy storage has been discussed. • This review offers future research insights in energy production and storage. MXenes belong to a set of 2-dimensional (2D) materials composed of transition metals, carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides demonstrated unique properties in several fields including catalysis and energy storage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent trends in MXene-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and their potential applications in energy storage devices. MXenes are widely sought-after as HER catalysts because of their distinctive properties including large surface area, variable surface chemistry, and high electrical conductivity. Extensive research in their synthesis, characterization, and performance reveals their superior catalytic activity, stability, and affordability compared to conventional catalysts. They have also shown great promise for use in energy storage devices notably supercapacitors and batteries. This review paper examines various synthesis techniques and emphasizes how various factors affect catalysis with MXenes for HER. The 2D structure of MXenes enables effective charge storage and transfer, with excellent conductivity and numerous active sites for species adsorption. In the MXenes domain, a crucial gap exists lack of a thorough review on recent advancements, specifically focusing on electrocatalysts for HER and energy storage in batteries. This concise narrative systematically addresses current progress, challenges, proposing solutions, briefly exploring synthesis methods, and delving into applications including prospective HER catalysts and strategies for enhanced activity and energy storage, especially in sodium, lithium, and zinc ion batteries.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for gold because of its high market price and its wide use in the electronic industry has attracted interest in gold recovery from electronic waste (e-waste). Gold is being dumped as solid e-waste which contains gold concentrations ten times higher than gold ores. Adsorption is a widely used approach for extracting gold from e-waste due to its simplicity, low cost, high efficiency, and reusability of adsorbent material. Natural polysaccharides received increased attention due to their natural abundance, multi-functionality, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. In this review, a brief history, and advancements in this technology were evaluated with recent developments in the preparation and mechanism advancements of natural polysaccharides for efficient gold recovery. Moreover, we have discussed some bifunctional modified polysaccharides with detailed gold adsorption mechanisms. The modified adsorbent materials developed from polysaccharides coupled with inorganic/organic functional groups would demonstrate an efficient technology for the development of new bio-based materials for efficient gold recovery from e-waste. Also, future views are recommended for highlighting the direction to achieve fast and effective gold recovery from e-waste in a friendly and sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently many attempts were conducted to enhance the structural morphology and properties of pitch-derived carbon foam (CF) by dispersing different additives in the CF matrix. But unfortunately, these additives enhance one property at the cost of another one. Herein, this work mainly considered the collaborated effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and functionalized nanodiamonds (FNDs) in the CF matrix phase was studied and compared with coupled CF/MWCNTs and CF/MWCNTs-FNDs hybrid composites. Coal tar pitch (CTP), a raw substance was applied to synthesize pretreated CF pitches via forming, carbonization, and graphitization techniques. Both types of nanocomposites were checked for various structural and morphological characterizations. Investigations revealed that the upgradation of microstructure, pore size, and uniform dispersion of samples can be made possible with the incorporation of nanofillers. However, between two different types of reinforcement materials, FNDs proved more influential to maximize the mechanical, thermal, and electrical attributes of CF nanocomposites. Different samples including pure CF, 1, 2, and 4 wt% CF/MWCNTs and CF/MWCNTs-FND were investigated. It was observed that with an increment in the amount of nanofiller, properties showed different variations. The best thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties were offered by 2 and 4 wt% CF/MWCNTs-FNDs hybrid samples respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the CF samples was investigated against Alizarin red (AR) dye. Results show that a hybrid sample of CF/MWCNTs-FND (4 wt%) is the most effective and sustainable as well as it almost decolorized about 88 % AR dye. Furthermore, it was also noticed that the dye decolorization increases with increasing catalyst dosage and pH of the medium and decreasing initial dye concentration. [Display omitted] • Facile synthesis of the CF/ MWCNTs and hybrid CF/MWCNTs-FNDs composites. • CF samples revealed Homogeneous structural morphology after the loadings of MWCNTs and FNDs. • At 2 and 4 wt% loadings, CF samples revealed optimum mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. • At 4 wt% CF samples showed excellent photocatalytic dye-degradation performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Importance and significant strategies for the synthesis, purification, processing, and surface functionalization of NDs. • Comparison of the practical problems faced whenever, applied NDs for various applications and their reasons. • The remarkable use of NDs for its characteristic's biomedical applications. • The use and applications of NDs in sensors, ND-blood interactions, blood contacting, orthopaedics, anti-cancer agents, antimicrobial agents, and drug/gene delivery applications. Nanodiamond (ND) is becoming the core center of interest for many researchers due to its immense utilization in different fields of science. The extraordinarily unique attributes provided by NDs include biocompatibility, easy production, chemical inertness, rich surface chemistry, small size, and fluorescence resistance. In biomedical sciences, all these characteristics uplift the standards of ND particles. Recent studies on the biomedical side have been found to strengthen its significance ever since ND tested positive for utilization in diagnostics and drug delivery. In addition, NDs have been proven beneficial in the manufacturing of biodegradable surgical instruments, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and drugs to eliminate resistant microbes and viruses. Genetic materials are also delivered to the center of the nucleus with the aid of ND particles. In this review, we have discussed in detail all the benefits of NDs, their applications in sensors, ND-blood interactions, blood-contacting, orthopedics, anti-cancer agents, antimicrobial agents, and drug/gene delivery. The importance and significance of the purification, synthesis, processing, and surface functionalization of NDs have been discussed. Recent advances in modern technologies in the field of biomedical and biological sciences also have been covered in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water contamination by lead (Pb+2) has attracted enormous research owing to its potential carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic effects. Composite membranes are highly efficient, and cost-effective adsorbents for the elimination of heavy metals from water. The present study involves the preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties of a novel (Polyvinyl chloride) PVC/PbO-graphite adsorptive composite membrane (ACM) for the effective removal of Pb+2 ions from water. Four composite membranes were fabricated using PbO-graphite as a filler (5, 10, 15, and 20 %) and PVC as a binder. The physiochemical properties such as water uptake, swelling degree, density, and porosity of the composite membrane were studied. All the mentioned properties were decreased and the adsorptive capacity of the membranes (5.54–9.01 mg/g) declined with increasing filler percentage. It was observed that an increase in the initial concentration, adsorption, time, and pH improved the removal efficiency of the membranes. Maximum adsorption was observed for 5 % filler composite at 80 ppm initial concentration of Pb+2 in 300 min time at a pH of 6. Furthermore, both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to investigate and understand the adsorption ability of the prepared ACMs. These isotherms well explained the adsorption process with an average R2 of 0.9860 and 0.9813 respectively. But the results were best aligned with the Langmuir adsorption mechanism (average R2 = 0.9860). The ACMs were also utilized for the photodegradation of Congo red dye and the ACMs (20 %) degraded about 71 % dye within 50 min. [Display omitted] • Preparation and characterizations of the PbO and graphite mixture in 0.2N HCl solution • Preparation of the adsorptive composite membranes (ACMs) using PVC as a polymer binder and PbO-graphite fillers. • Microstructural and physiochemical performances of the prepared PVC/PbO-graphite composite membranes. • The removal of Pb+2 from contaminated water through adsorption process by PVC/PbO-graphite composite membranes. • The ACMs (20%) degraded 71% Congo-red dye within 50 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]