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Continuum background X-ray spectra from an Al target bombarded with protons of 3, 6, 9, and 12 MeV have been measured with a Si(Li) detector. On the basis of the measured background spectra and K and L X-ray production cross sections, the detection limit of PIXE has been estimated. The merits of PIXE using protons of 3–6 MeV are discussed.

A 29-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of multiple xanthomas occurred bilaterally at the achilles tendon, the lateral dorsal aspect of the foot, the tibial tuberosity, the lateral aspect of the elbow, and the dorsal aspect of the 2nd and the 3rd right metacarpal joint.Tumors were found to be elastic hard with comparatively clear edge. There were neither spontaneous pain nor tenderness, without limitation of joints movement. Blood examinations revealed 372mg/dl of cholesterol level and 3.8mm of β-lipoprotein.He was diagnosed as hyperlipemia of II a type with xanthomas. Tumors were resected, and the histological study made sure of the diagnosis.His father was also found to have IIa type xanthomas.

A consecutive series of 41 patients with unstable lumbo-sacral spine (spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, disc lesion et al.) treated by a technique of posterolateral fusion resulted in a high percentage of good roentgenographic and clinical results.Twenty-nine patients were male, and twelve were female (15-50 years).The longest term follow-up was 3 years, and the shortest was ten months, the average being one year and six months.Solid union occured in 90 per cent for fusion of single intervertebral joint roentgenographicly, but only 62 per cent for two or more levels.However, a good clinical result was achieved in 83 per cent.

Directional anisotropy around 90degree of bremsstrahlung due to secondary electrons ejected by MeV-proton bombardments on a thin Al foil was measured. It is shown that this behavior can be explained by the relativistic retardation effect in bremsstrahlung production.

Ratios of ionization cross sections for proton impact to those for $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}$ impact have been measured on $\mathrm{Al}K$ and $\mathrm{Y}L$ shells at projectile energies of 7, 9, 12, 16, and 21 MeV /amu. The ratio tends to unity with an increase in the projectile energy for both the $\mathrm{Al}K$ and $\mathrm{Y}L$ ionizations. This behavior can well be explained in terms of the Binstock-Reading theory combined with the distant-collision theory of Hill and Merzbacher: The polarization effect in distant collisions and the decreasing electron-density effect in close collisions cancel out each other in this high-energy region.

We have measured $K$-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for 19 elements with atomic number in the range $Z=13\ensuremath{-}92$, $L$- and $M$-shell ionization cross sections for nine and two heavier elements, respectively, in the energy range 70-270 MeV. The results on the $K$-shell ionization were compared with the predictions from the revised Kolbenstvedt theory and the plane-wave Born approximation calculation by Davidovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{} and Moiseiwitsch, and good agreements were obtained. The $L$- and $M$-shell ionization cross sections were also compared with the predictions from the Kolbenstvedt theory using photoeffect cross sections for these shells and good agreements were obtained, although there is some ambiguity in the photoeffect cross section used in the estimation. The $K$-shell ionization cross sections, together with other experimental results, were represented in a good scaled form based on the revised Kolbenstvedt theory.

Since 1973, we have studied lumbo-sacral myelograms using methylglucamine incarmate (Dimer X) on 57 patients with low back pain (in our Hospital).They were divided into two grours: thirty cases examined by using 5cc of methylglucamin iocarmate only, and twenty-seven cases by mixture of 3cc of methylgrucamine iocarmate and 2cc of liquor.The former has much better results in ability of radiographic contrast (sharply demarcated) and side effects than the latter.We consider that water soluble contrast myelography is valuable for diagnosis and indication of treatment for the low-back condition.

An emittance-measuring system for beams from an AVF (azimuthally varying field) cyclotron was designed, constructed and tested, and has been proved to be very useful for operation and adjustment of the cyclotron. This system, based on the one-slit—multidetector method and controlled by microcomputers, can give an elliptical phase-space contour of a beam within one minute. An example of characteristics of an extracted beam is shown for a set of parameters of the cyclotron for 20 MeV protons.

Continuum x rays from targets of Be, C, and Al bombarded with 6--40-MeV protons were observed with a Si (Li) detector. In addition to the secondary-electron bremsstrahlung (SEB), the spectra show another component, of which the high-energy limit is given by the relative kinetic energy between the projectile and orbital electrons of the target atom and by the Doppler effect. The component can well be explained in terms of the bremsstrahlung produced by the quasifree scattering of orbital electrons in the field of the projectile. The effect of the binding energy of the orbital electrons on this bremsstrahlung spectrum has been studied. From the comparison of the experimental results with theoretical predictions based on the plane-wave Born approximation and the binary-encounter approximation, the importance of the effect of secondary-electron escape from the target material on the SEB at high-projectile energies was pointed out.

1) Sixty-one patients received anterior operation of the cervical spines were studied roentgenographically. The duration of follow-up was from one to six years. The ages of the patients ranged from thirteen to sixty-seven years. Forty were males and twenty one were females.2) Nineteen (31.1%) of sixty-one patients had roentgenographic changes after anterior fusion. Thirteen (21.8%) had spur formation, which was mostly seen in the cases being operated on at a single level. Eight (13.1%) had disc degeneration, mostly seen in the cases in which two or more levels were fused. Only one had instability of disc space.3) In the cases in which the follow-up study had been made more than four years after surgery, spur formation and disc degeneration were found frequently. There were significant changes in young patients than old ones.4) Hypermobility of adjucent cervical spines after fusion was showed frequently in cases in which two or more disc spaces were fused.

This paper reports two cases of loose bodies developing in the hip joints of the patients who visited our clinic because of limited movement and pain of the hip joint. They recieved operation in our hospital.Case 1: 25 year-old female has noticed the pain of her right hip joint while standing and stooping since 3 years ago. As the pain gradually increased and sometimes caused “locking”, she visited us. She was operated on, and was diagnosed as osteochondromatosis histopathologically. Now, 10 months after operation, she is working without trouble.Case 2: 23 year-old male complained of limited movement and pain of the right hip joint after traffic accident, which caused an injury of the right thigh and an eye ball rupture. Histopathological diagnosis showed osteochondritis dissecance. He got well two months after operation.

Small amounts of Ga, Yb, and Tl were injected into rats implanted with several kinds of tumor. Samples of liver, serum, brain and tumor, taken out from these rats, were bombarded by 3.5 MeV protons and the induced X-rays were analysed using a Si(Li) detector. Absolute concentrations of these elements taken up by these tissues were determined referring to a known concentration of doped uranium. Some concentration of elements and species of tumor are found.

High-performance staggered a-Si:H and poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by XeCl excimer laser annealing of a-Si:H films are discussed. The field-effect mobility of poly-Si TFT is 102 cm/sup 2//V-s, and that of a-Si:H TFT is 0.23 cm/sup 2//V-s. Their drain current on/off ratios are over 10/sup 6/. Except for the crystallization, the fabrication process was the same for both of them. This process appears extremely promising for the integration of matrix elements and peripheral drivers in a single substrate. >

Continuum x rays induced by bombardments of a Be target with 20.14-MeV/amu protons and /sup 3/He/sup 2 +/ ions have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the direction of 90/sup 0/ with respect to the incident beam. Difference in the x-ray--production cross sections multiplied by the x-ray energy h..omega.. )h..omega.. x (sigma/sub h/(h..omega..)/4-sigma/sub p/(h..omega..))) and ratio of the cross sections R(h..omega..) (equivalentsigma/sub h/(h..omega..)/4sigma/sub p/(h..omega..)) for the proton and /sup 3/He/sup 2 +/-ion impact, where sigma/sub h/(h..omega..) and sigma/sub p/(h..omega..) are the x-ray--production cross sections for proton and /sup 3/He/sup 2 +/-ion impact, respectively, were obtained as a function of the x-ray energy. Both the difference and the ratio show peaks in the region where the x-ray energy is equal to the relative kinetic energy between the projectile and the inner-shell electron to be scattered by the projectile. From the comparison with a theory of quasi-free-electron bremsstrahlung based on the impulse approximation, it is found that this peak corresponds to the maximum of the velocity-distribution function of the inner-shell electron. Furthermore, the contribution of radiative electron-capture process in the case of proton and /sup 3/He/sup 2 +/ impact is clearly found.

Total L x-ray production cross sections of Y and Sn and M x-ray production cross sections of Au and Bi for proton impact have been measured over the projectile-energy range 3.0 -- 40 MeV and the ionization cross sections obtained for these shells are compared with calculations of the plane-wave Born approximation and the binary encounter approximation. The inner-shell ionizations by close and distant collisions are theoretically discussed in terms of the generalized oscillator strength and the contributions from these two kinds of collisions are separately estimated in the framework of the plane-wave Born approximation. Distant collisions in this energy region are not so effective as in the case of K-shell ionization, while at a very high energy the two kinds of collisions contribute nearly equally to the ionization. The experimental results show good agreement with the plane-wave Born approximation calculation except for the M-shell ionization of Bi.

To determine the mass of the electron neutrino, electron capture in 163 Ho was studied. From the intensity of M X-rays and the total number of 163 Ho atoms in a source, as determined by the PIXE method, the partial M-capture half life of 163 Ho was estimated to be (4.5 ± 1.5) × 10 4 yr. A relation between the Q -value of 163 Ho and the mass of the electron neutrino was obtained.

Thick targets of several heavy lanthanide (HoLu) compounds were bombarded by protons and 3He ions of 3 MeV/amu, and Mα and Mβ X-rays were measured with a crystal spectrometer. Ionization probabilities of the N-shell for zero impact parameter were obtained from the X-ray intensity ratio for proton and 3He ion impacts. A shell dependence of the ionization probability was found in a scaling plot. X-ray spectra of lanthanide compounds were compared and no chemical effect was observed. This result is considered to be due to the fact that the main component of Mα and Mβ lines is for radiative transition after the refilling of the 4f orbit (3d−14fn+1→4fn) where n denotes the number of 4f electrons of the target atom before ionization.

Nous avons fait 175 protheses totales de hanche chez 148 malades du 1971 jusqu' a present.Hous avons etudie les resultats des 113 protheses (88cas) ayant un recul minimum de 12 mois et recul maximum de 116 mois, la premiere ayant ete posee en mai 1971.Nous utilisons chaque prothese tptale cimentee de Muller, de Lagrange-Letournel et sans ciment de R. Judet selon ses vices architecturaux et son age chez malade.Nous avons analyse de ces trois protheses sur la cotation pour coxarthrose de la Societe Japonaise de Chirurgie Orthopedique minutieusement.CONCLUSION:1) Il nous semble qu'il n'y a pas de difference significative entre P. T. de Muller et de Lagrange-Letournel radio-cliniquement.2) Mais, la P. T. sans ciment est assez meilleure que les cimentees.3) En ce qui concerne i'apparition de la zone claire sur radio, clle n'est pas beaucoup moms frequente dans P. T. sans ciment que les deux autres.

Chemical effects on the intensity ratio of LX-ray of molybdenum compounds irradiated by 11-keV electrons and by 3-MeV protons were studied using an X-ray crystal spectrometer. It was found that the intensity ratios of Lγ1/Lβ1 markedly decrease with increase of ionicity of molybdenum compounds. An exception was for the case of metallic molybdenum.

This study is a preliminary report of the transverse axial tomography of the lumbar spines to evaluate them in the transverse plane.The cross section views were obtained in intraosseous and articular segments of the lumbar spinal canal at L4-S1 level in 10 normal men.We measured the transverse diameter, the sagital one and the area of the 4th and the 5th intraosseous segmats of the bony vertebral canal as follows;L4 transverse diameter 22.0mmsagital diameter 18.7mmarea 256.4mm2L5 transverse diameter 26.8mmsagital diameter 20.2mmarea 367.0 mm2ratio of L4 to L5 transverse diameter 82.5%sagital diameter 93.0% area 74.4%The shape of the bony lumbar vertebral canal was like a chestnut.

$K$-shell ionization cross sections of Al and Cu for proton impact have been measured over the projectile-energy range 0.5-40 MeV, and the results are compared with calculations of plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) and binary-encounter approximation (BEA). In the PWBA calculation, contributions from close and distant collisions are separately estimated by an approximate calculation. It is found that the distant collisions make a predominant contribution in the high-projectile-energy region and the experimental results are in better agreement with the PWBA than the BEA, which takes into account only the close collision.

By reconstructing an M X-ray spectrum from 163 Ho per atom per second using two spectra S M1 and S M2 , the M X-ray spectra of dysprosium when there is one vacancy in the M 1 and M 2 subshell, the partial decay constants λ M1 and λ M2 were determined. Using λ M1 , λ M2 and λ 1 (total decay constant), an upper limit of 550 eV was obtained for the mass of the electron neutrino.

The instantaneous uptake of CO in the lungs was measured with a water-filled body plethysmograph in normal man. First, control measurements of plethysmograph pressure were made while the subject held his breath for 7 sec after breathing gas mixtures prepared to bring his alveolar P(O2) and P(CO2) close to mixed venous levels. Then, CO uptake measurements were made while he held his breath after inhaling the same gas mixtures with added CO (2.0%). The change in lung volume on CO minus the change in lung volume during the control measurement was a measure of the CO uptake in the lungs. Cardiopneumatic changes in lung gas volume were subtracted electrically. All of five subjects showed pulsatile CO uptake. The mean CO uptake was 103 ml/min. A peak uptake of 2.0 (range 1.6-2.3) times the mean uptake occurred 0.3-0.4 sec after the R wave of the EKG and a minimum uptake of 0.4 (range 0.2-0.5) times the mean uptake occurred during the tenth of a second before the R wave of the EKG. These results suggest that pulmonary capillary blood volume is pulsatile during the cardiac cycle.

The incidence of herniated lumbar discs at the first, second, and third lumbar interspaces in our clinic was 6.6% of 226 lumbar disc herniation treated surgically from 1969 through 1978. There were three herniation at the second lumbar interspace, and thirteen at the third lumbar interspace.1) The majority of patients complained of back or lower extremity pain, frequently over the anterior surface of the thigh.2) The youngest patient was thirteen years of age and the oldest seventy-two.3) The psoas-stretch test was positive in four patients with herniation of the third lumbar disc, in one patient with herniation of the second lumbar disc. There was limitation of straight-leg raising in only each one.4) The knee jerk was reduced in 55.5% and ankle jerk was reduced in 33.3% of the patients with herniation of the third lumbar disc. But, one patient with herniation of the second lumbar disc had accelerated.5) In roentgenographic examination, two patients with herniation of the second lumbar disc and six patients with herniation of the third lumbar disc had narrowing of the lumbar intervertebral space.6) Follow-up studies were available from three months to seven years after operation. Eleven of thirteen cases with herniation of the third lumbar disc had excellent results. But, no excellent cases with herniation of the second lumbar disc were found.

A method is described of bonding a rare-earth (Dy) metal target onto a copper cooling block by the use of high-temperature brazing in an induction furnace. This bonding was indispensable for the production of 163Ho by an intense proton irradiation of 164Dy.

The mass of the electron neutrino has been recently investigated using electron capturing isotopes including 163Ho [1,2,3], 193pt [4] and so on. There are two ways to measure mνe; one proposed by A. De Rujula [5] of CERN which is essentially based on three body phase space in radiative electron capture process, and another that utilizes the mνe-dependence of. the electron capture rate, which was discussed by Bennett et al. [6]. Considerations of the intensity of internal bremsstrahlung at electron capture in a 163Ho source, indicate that the first approach is very difficult [7,8]. Therefore, for the time being, we decided to pursue the second approach [9].

Two tenths ml of 5% fosfomycin sodium solution (10 mg) was injected into the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs once a day for 7 days. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was performed to examine the effect of the drug on the experimental animals. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopic study was also performed to observe the effect of the drug on outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and on vestibular sensory epithelia. No degenerative changes were observed in outer hair cell cilia of the organ of Corti and the vestibular sensory cilia at 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 1 month after injection. No changes of the threshold of ABR were also noticed.

A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 38 pharyngeal and 59 laryngeal previously untreated cancers to evaluate the effects of adjuvant immunochemotherapy using 5-FU with and without OK-432. After each fundamental therapy, 5-FU was given orally at a dose of 200-300 mg/day for more than a year. OK-432 was intracutaneously administered at a dose of 5KE once a week for more than a year. Three-year survival rates and disease-free intervals were estimated for the two groups. In cases of pharyngeal cancer, the 3-year survival rate was 58% in both groups and the disease-free interval rates for up to 3 years after the fundamental therapy was 49% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 52% in the 5-FU group. These results showed no statistically significant difference. In laryngeal cancers, the 3-year survival rate was 96% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 82% in the 5-FU group. These results also showed no statistically significant difference. The disease-free interval rates were 87% in the OK-432 + 5-FU group and 64% in the 5-FU group, revealing a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.1). This suggests that OK-432 is more effective in producing a higher survival rate in cases of laryngeal cancer.

The morphological changes of the vestibular sensory epithelia and the vestibular ganglions induced by Gentamicin(GM) were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and light microscope. The guinea pigs were injected with a single application of 4 mg (0.1ml) of GM into the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. The vestibular organs and the ganglions were observed up to 6 months after the treatment. Four days after the injection, fused, ballooned and missing cilia were observed in the vestibular sensory epithelia. These changes progressed and extended toward the periphery of the crista and the macula. The changes of the vestibular ganglions were first observed one month after the treatment. The degenerative process started from destruction of the mitochondrial cristae and vacuolization of the cytoplasm in the Schwann cell. The next step of the change was dissociation of the myelin sheath around the ganglion cell. The cytoplasmic organelles in the ganglion cell gradually deteriorated. At the later stage, the myelin sheath around the ganglion cell disappeared and the number of the cell reduced. Furthermore, the myelin sheath of the nerve fiber was dissociated. In this study the signs of the vestibular ganglion damage were later than that of the vestibular organ. However, we thought the changes in the ganglion are probably due to direct influence of GM, since the degeneration was found to develop in a relatively short period.