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To track operative phases of cataract surgery over a resident's training to measure action times and frequencies as a surrogate for competency and skill progression.An n=1 panel study.We collected cataract surgery video recordings performed by a single resident between 2021-2022. Only full-length videos of adequate quality without supervisor intervention were included. The start and end times of 19 distinct operative phases of cataract surgery were manually labelled by a trained annotator. Timeseries analysis was employed to measure the direction and magnitude of trends in the resident's surgical timing for each action across their first year of training.The dataset comprised 100 videos spread across the resident's 6-760 cases. The median total time was 11.6min (interquartile range: 10.1min-14.4min), with overall speed increasing at a rate of 43.4s for every 10 videos (95% CI: 35.1s-52.7s). Nine operative phases significantly decreased in time throughout training. The main incision, phacoemulsification, and hydrodissection had the greatest improvements in speed relative to their average procedural time. There were an average 26.9 distinct operative actions (excluding idle periods) in each video (range: 20 to 50).This is the first study to quantitatively track operative times and frequencies across all relevant actions in cataract surgery and derive learning curves for each. Consistent with previous works, we found that a basic level of surgical competency is achieved after performing 80 cases. In addition, results from this study indicate that the next level in skill advancement towards surgical finesse occurs after 300 cases.

In order to realize optimum plant population for profitable maize production, there is to obtain uniform plant spacing. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine certain planting parameters that influence uniformity in plant-to-plant and row-to-row spacing. To achieve this, a 4-row animal-drawn planter was used to plant SAMMAZ 14 maize variety in the Experimental Farm of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Treatment factors varied were hopper seed quantity with three levels: 25, 50 and 100 %, three levels of ground speed: 0.6, 0.8, and 1 m/s, and two levels of planting depth: 1.5 and 2.5 cm. Results obtained shows that the multiple index, miss index, feed index and precision index were seen to be affected by planting speed with the best multiple, miss and precision index were achieved at planting speed of 0.8 m/s except for feed index whose best value was achieved at 1 m/s. Similarly, multiple and precision index were both affected by seed hopper quantity but no effect on Miss and Feed index. It was also observed that the best mean values were obtained at 100 % seed hopper quantity. All the indexes were never affected by planting depth while the performance of the planter on seed uniformity indexes improve with moderate planting speed and increasing seed quantity in the hopper. Therefore, planting at 0.8 m/s planting speed and 100 % seed hopper full result in uniform crop establishment for a profitable crop production.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of nano -operators in term of the class of nano -open sets such as nano -interior and nano -closure with their properties in nano topological spaces. After that, by using the class of nano -open sets, we introduce the concept of nano -continuity. Also, we study the relationship among some types of nano continuous functions in nano topological spaces

Cells mechanically interact with their environment to sense, for example, topography, elasticity and mechanical cues from other cells. Mechano-sensing has profound effects on cellular behaviour, including motility. The current study aims to develop a mathematical model of cellular mechano-sensing on planar elastic substrates and demonstrate the model’s predictive capabilities for the motility of individual cells in a colony.In the model, a cell is assumed to transmit an adhesion force, derived from a dynamic focal adhesion integrin density, that locally deforms a substrate, and to sense substrate deformation originating from neighbouring cells. The substrate deformation from multiple cells is expressed as total strain energy density with a spatially varying gradient. The magnitude and direction of the gradient at the cell location define the cell motion. Cell-substrate friction, partial motion randomness, and cell death and division are included.The substrate deformation by a single cell and the motility of two cells are presented for several substrate elasticities and thicknesses. The collective motility of 25 cells on a uniform substrate mimicking the closure of a circular wound of 200 μm is predicted for deterministic and random motion. Cell motility on substrates with varying elasticity and thickness is explored for four cells and 15 cells, the latter again mimicking wound closure. Wound closure by 45 cells is used to demonstrate the simulation of cell death and division during migration.The mathematical model can adequately simulate the mechanically-induced collective cell motility on planar elastic substrates. The model is suitable for extension to other cell and substrates shapes and the inclusion of chemotactic cues, offering the potential to complementin vitroandin vivostudies.

The relation between perceptual and conceptual knowledge is a longstanding research question in developmental psychology. Here we tested children's dependence on figurative information with a reaction time/accuracy task. A sample of 151 children from 5 to 10 years were assessed from two multicultural and multiracial schools in the London (UK) boroughs City of London and Harrow. A quarter of children in both schools were eligible for free school meals (national average 18.5%). The same 3 × 3 grid with nine individually colored places and a uniform black star as placeholder was tested in three different retrieval conditions: (a) same array as during presentation, (b) one place at a time with placeholder, and (c) one place at a time without placeholder. In a (d) control condition, individual shapes were of the same color as the colorful places. Bayes Factor analyses showed a more unified response toward figurative placeholders in 5- to 6-year-olds. Independently of age, colorful places without a placeholder were hardest to remember. Places were better remembered when a placeholder was added and still better when the spatial context of the entire array was available. Yet unique shapes with distinctive contours and colors as placeholders optimized place memory the most. While place memory accuracy increased with age, reaction times did not become faster. Instead, latencies were longer, the more visual information was available in the retrieval array. A larger perceptual effect was caused by the dynamic where-delay interference task, the sparser the amount of visual information in the retrieval array. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The Syriac language is one of the ancient Semitic languages that appeared in the first century AD. It is currently used in a number of cities in Iraq, Turkey, and others. In this research paper, we tried to apply the work of Ali and Mahmood 2020 on the letters and words in the Syriac language to find a new encoding for them and increase the possibility of reading the message by other people.

Compared to other sarcomas, myxoid liposarcoma (ML) is known to be radiosensitive, with improved oncologic outcomes. Although these tumors "shrink" following radiotherapy, there is a paucity of data examining the degree of radiosensitivity and oncologic outcome. The purpose of the study was to evaluate pre- and postradiotherapy tumor volume to determine if size reduction impacts outcome.We reviewed 62 patients with ML undergoing surgical resection combined with preoperative radiotherapy, with pre- and postradiotherapy MRI. This included 34 (55%) males, with a mean age of 47 ± 14 years. All tumors were deep to the fascia, and 12 (19%) patients had tumors with a5% round-cell component.The mean volume reduction was 54% ± 29%. Compared to patients with25% volume reduction, patients with reduction ≤25% had worse 10-year disease specific survival (86% vs. 37%, p 0.01), in addition to an increased risk of metastatic disease (HR 4.63, p 0.01) and death due to disease (HR 4.52, p 0.01).Lack of volume reduction is a risk factor for metastatic disease and subsequent death due to disease in patients with extremity ML treated with combined preoperative radiotherapy and surgery. This data could be used to stratify patients for adjuvant therapies and follow-up intervals.

The use of solar energy to heat water is the more critical application of solar energy. Researchers are trying to develop different methods to improve the efficiency of solar water heaters to meet the increasing demand for hot water due to global population growth. To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of solar heaters, the solar collector and the storage tank are combined into one part, and this system is called solar storage collector. It can be defined as geometric shapes filled with water, painted black, and placed under the influence of sunlight to gain the largest amount of solar energy. This article presents the various designs of solar storage collector. This review showed that design variables and design shape significantly affect the efficiency of the solar heating system. Climate and operational factors also have a strong influence on the performance of solar heating. Furthermore, scientists and researchers have also used nanotechnology, solar cells, and mirrors to improve other stored solar collectors' performance. Finally, recently published articles indicate an increase in interest in improving the efficiency of solar storage collector by creating new designs that enhance the economic and practical viability.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections. Antibiotic resistance and the ability to form biofilm, as two key virulence factors of K. pneumoniae, are involved in the persistence of infections. Aim: determine the rate of (10) antibiotics activity against isolated K. pneumoniae then evaluate the ability of isolated bacteria to produce biofilm by using Congo red agar method and studying the antibiotic resistance pattern between biofilm producer and non-biofilm producer of K. pneumoniae isolates. Material and methods: over a period of 4 months a total of 37 k. pneumoniae isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI. Biofilm production was assessed by Congo red agar method. Results: Antibiotic susceptibility profile showed a variable level of resistance. The highest resistance was reported with tetracycline (56.8%). And the highest susceptibility was reported with imipenem (85.6%) and meropenem (85.6%). Biofilm by Congo red agar method was detected in 19 isolates with a percentage of (51.35%) however, 18 (48.65%) of isolates were non biofilm producer. The association of antibiotic resistance between biofilm-producing and non-biofilm-producing K. pneumoniae isolates was evaluated by the Chi-square test and the p-value was found to be 0.97 (statistically non-significant). Conclusion: our study revealed that the K. pneumoniae isolates differed in their responses against used antibiotics, moreover they are varied in their ability to produce biofilm and the resistance pattern between biofilm producer and non-producer was no significant. More studies are needed to characterize the pattern of antibiotic resistance between biofilm producer and non-biofilm producer of K. pneumoniae isolates and universal efforts should be increased to prevent the prevalence of multi- antibiotic resistant bacteria and eliminate the hospital born bacteria that are causing a great rise in mortality. Keywords: Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm