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Problemstellung/Ziele: Welchen Einfluss die Mikroskopierform (Lichtmikroskopie (LM), digitale Mikroskopie (DM)) auf das Erkennen histologischer Strukturen hat, wurde bis dato unzureichend untersucht. In der beschriebenen Cross-over-Studie wird daher der Fokus auf die Such- und Erkennungsstrategien[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

Bei septischen Intensivpatienten ist heute eine adäquate Antibiotikatherapie mehr als nur eine Frage der richtigen Substanz und einer zeitnahen Applikation. Das „heilige Mantra“ der frühzeitigen Antibiotikatherapie innerhalb der ersten Stunde sollte kritisch reflektiert [ref:1][zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Bad Honnef-Symposium 2018

Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Little is known about how many bacteria are present at an infectious focus at the onset of antibiotic therapy. The number of cfu was determined in pus and infected peritoneal fluids obtained from 41 patients. Pathogens were detected in 71% of specimens. There were high concentrations of bacteria in culture-positive samples, in both soft-tissue and peritoneal infections, averaging 2 x 10(8) cfu/mL. These concentrations were much higher than the standard inoculum size used in in-vitro susceptibility tests, 5 x 10(5) cfu/mL. The impact of this discrepancy on antibacterial efficacy was studied with amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and piperacillin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of amikacin and ciprofloxacin determined with high inocula were two to four times lower than with standard inocula, whereas the activity of piperacillin was diminished at least 128-fold. Similar activity was observed with these drugs in Mueller-Hinton broth and peritoneal fluid. The bactericidal activity of imipenem was reduced in peritoneal fluid. Thus, conditions prevailing at the infection site may compromise antibiotic activity determined in vitro

Ein durchgängiges Technologiemanagement befähigt dazu, für das eigene Unternehmen benötigte Technologien zu identifizieren, gezielt zu entwickeln und in erfolgreiche Produkte umzusetzen. Es ist somit ein wesentlicher Faktor zur Sicherstellung des nachhaltigen Unternehmenserfolgs. Gemeinsam mit einem Industriekonsortium hat das Fraunhofer IPT ein Benchmarking zum Technologiemanagement durchgeführt und zehn handlungsleitende Erfolgsfaktoren für die praktische Ausgestaltung identifiziert.

Olfactory systems evolved to detect and identify volatile chemical cues, in many cases across great distances. However, the precision of copulatory and oviposition behaviors suggest that they may be guided by olfactory cues detected by sensory systems located on or near the ovipositor. Here we present evidence of a small number of functional olfactory sensilla on the ovipositor of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Gene expression analysis of isolated ovipositor tissue indicated active transcription of gustatory and both classes of olfactory receptor genes. Expression of the olfactory co-receptor ORCo and the antennal ionotropic co-receptors IR8a and IR25a suggests that functional olfactory proteins may be present in the sensory structures located on the ovipositor. Scanning electron microscopy identified five to nine porous sensilla on each of the anal papillae of the ovipositor. Furthermore, HRP immunostaining indicated that these sensilla are innervated by the dendrite-like structures from multiple neurons. Finally, we functionally characterized neural responses in these sensilla using single sensillum recordings. Stimulation with a panel of 142 monomolecular odorants revealed that these sensilla indeed house functional olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). While it remains to be determined what role these chemosensory sensilla play in odor and gustatory guided behaviors, our data clearly demonstrate an olfactory function for neurons present in M. sexta ovipositor sensilla.

Einleitung: Frakturen sind Verletzungen, die sowohl als Folge eines Unfalls als auch als Konsequenz aus einer Kindesmisshandlung beobachtet werden. Im klinischen Alltag ist es nicht immer leicht zu entscheiden, ob es sich um eine akzidentelle oder beabsichtigte Verletzung handelt. Entscheidende Indizien[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

Intensivpatienten mit schweren Infektionserkrankungen, z.B. schwere Sepsis und septischer Schock, sind eine interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Herausforderung für Chirurgen, Internisten, Intensivmediziner, Mikrobiologen und klinischen Pharmakologen/Pharmazeuten [ref:2],[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Bad Honnef-Symposium 2016

Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M. sexta larvae feed on solanaceous plants and thus must tolerate a substantial challenge from plant allelochemicals, including nicotine. We report the sequence and annotation of the M. sexta genome, and a survey of gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages. The Msex_1.0 genome assembly resulted in a total genome size of 419.4 Mbp. Repetitive sequences accounted for 25.8% of the assembled genome. The official gene set is comprised of 15,451 protein-coding genes, of which 2498 were manually curated. Extensive RNA-seq data from many tissues and developmental stages were used to improve gene models and for insights into gene expression patterns. Genome wide synteny analysis indicated a high level of macrosynteny in the Lepidoptera. Annotation and analyses were carried out for gene families involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including apoptosis, vacuole sorting, growth and development, structures of exoskeleton, egg shells, and muscle, vision, chemosensation, ion channels, signal transduction, neuropeptide signaling, neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, nicotine tolerance, lipid metabolism, and immunity. This genome sequence, annotation, and analysis provide an important new resource from a well-studied model insect species and will facilitate further biochemical and mechanistic experimental studies of many biological systems in insects. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

The visualization of 3D groundwater flow is a challenging task. Previous versions of our software STRING [1] solely focused on intuitive visualization of complex flow scenarios for non-professional audiences. STRING, developed by Fraunhofer ITWM (Kaiserslautern, Germany) and delta h Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH (Witten, Germany), provides the necessary means for visualization of both 2D and 3D data on planar and curved surfaces. In this contribution we discuss how to extend this approach to a full 3D tool and its challenges in continuation of Michel et al. [2]. This elevates STRING from a post-production to an exploration tool for experts. In STRING moving pathlets provide an intuition of velocity and direction of both steady-state and transient flows. The visualization concept is based on the Lagrangian view of the flow. To capture every detail of the flow an advanced method for intelligent, time-dependent seeding is used building on the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) developed by Fraunhofer ITWM. Lifting our visualization approach from 2D into 3D provides many new challenges. With the implementation of a seeding strategy for 3D one of the major problems has already been solved (see Schröder et al. [3]). As pathlets only provide an overview of the velocity field other means are required for the visualization of additional flow properties. We suggest the use of Direct Volume Rendering and isosurfaces for scalar features. In this regard we were able to develop an efficient approach for combining the rendering through raytracing of the volume and regular OpenGL geometries. This is achieved through the use of Depth Peeling or A-Buffers for the rendering of transparent geometries. Animation of pathlets requires a strict boundary of the simulation domain. Hence, STRING needs to extract the boundary, even from unstructured data, if it is not provided. In 3D we additionally need a good visualization of the boundary itself. For this the silhouette based on the angle of neighboring faces is extracted. Similar algorithms help to find the 2D boundary of cuts through the 3D model. As interactivity plays a big role for an exploration tool the speed of the drawing routines is also important. To achieve this, different pathlet rendering solutions have been developed and benchmarked. These provide a trade-off between the usage of geometry and fragment shaders. We show that point sprite shaders have superior performance and visual quality over geometry-based approaches. Admittedly, the point sprite-based approach has many non-trivial problems of joining the different parts of the pathlet geometry.

Objective: Infants from multiple pregnancies have higher rates of preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal death and differences in multiple birth rates (MBR) exist between countries. We aimed to describe differences in MBR in Europe and to investigate the impact of these differences on adverse perinatal outcomes at a population level. Methods: We used national aggregate birth data on multiple pregnancies, maternal age, gestational age (GA), stillbirth and neonatal death collected in the Euro-Peristat project (29 countries in 2010, N = 5 074 643 births). We also used European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) data on assisted conception and single embryo transfer (SET). The impact of MBR on outcomes was studied using meta-analysis techniques with randomeffects models to derive pooled risk ratios (pRR) overall and for four groups of country defined by their MBR. We computed population attributable risks (PAR) for these groups. Results: In 2010, the average MBR was 16.8 per 1000 women giving birth, ranging from 9.1 (Romania) to 26.5 (Cyprus). Compared to singletons, multiples had a nine-fold increased risk (pRR 9.4, 95% Cl 9.1-9.8) of preterm birth (