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152. Electrokinetic properties of endotoxins and their significance for the limulus amoebocyte lysate test

Author

Baggerman, C, Bonekamp, B C, Kannegieter, E M, Loos, J A, and Junginger, H E

Abstract

The electrokinetic properties of the endotoxins of Escherichia coliand Serratia marcescenshave been examined. Both endotoxins are negatively charged, with the zetapotential being increased by the presence of cations whose relative influence resembles the Schulze-Hardy rule for colloid stability. Fe3+and Th4+ions are capable of reversing the negative charge of the endotoxin particles to positive. These cations were found to have a strong inhibitory effect on the activity of endotoxins in the limulus amoebocyte lysate test but the inhibitory effect did not parallel changes in the zetapotential because the effect occurred at concentrations too low to affect this parameter.

Published
1986
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153. Hydrogel Patches for Transdermal Drug Delivery; In-vivo Water Exchange and Skin Compatibility

Author

Boddé, H E, van Aalten, E A C, and Junginger, H E

Abstract

Hydrogel patches based on water swellable polyacrylates have been developed for long-term transdermal drug delivery. Two properties, relevant to the performance of hydrogel patches in-vivo have been investigated in humans over five days. These were: (i) the kinetics of water exchange between the skin and the patches; (ii) the skin compatibility of the patches. It was found that initially there was a gradually increasing uptake of water from the skin by the patches, but after about 20 h the water exchange followed a regular fluctuating pattern, peaking once a day and once a night. The skin compatibility of the patches was satisfactory, in that no redness or pustulation was noticed throughout the five days. This was most likely due to the capability of the patches to exchange water with the skin.

Published
1989
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154. Physicochemical properties of endotoxins in large volume parenterals

Author

Baggerman, C, Pathmamanoharan, C, Spies, F, Joosten, J G H, and Junginger, H E

Abstract

Endotoxins of Escherichia coli, Salmonella abortus equiand Serratia marcescenswere examined using freeze-etch electronmicroscopy and light scattering techniques, with emphasis on their aggregation state. These endotoxins show distinct features of particle size and mass and they may be affected by the presence or absence of Ca2+ions. No important differences were observed in the particle characteristics of the respective endotoxins in various infusion fluids.

Published
1985
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155. A structural study of the mesophases of two oxyethylene alkyl ether-decane-water systems, a comparison between technical grade C12EO〈7〉 and pure C12EO6

Author

Bouwstra, J. A., Jousma, H., van der Meulen, M. M., Vijverberg, C. C., Gooris, G. S., Spies, F., and Junginger, H. E.

Abstract

As part of a study polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (CmEOn), water and decane, the phase diagram and the structures of the mesophases of pure C12EO6 and technical grade C12EO<7> were compared. The constructed phase diagrams of the two systems show a great resemblance except for one difference: the viscous isotropic phase is only present in the C12EO6 phase diagram.

Published
1989
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178. Pc5 pulsations and their possible source mechanisms: a case study

Author

Glasmeier, K.H., Lester, M., Mier-Jedrzejowicz, W.A.C., Green, C.A., Rostoker, G., Orr, D., Wedeken, U., Junginger, H., Amata, E., Glasmeier, K.H., Lester, M., Mier-Jedrzejowicz, W.A.C., Green, C.A., Rostoker, G., Orr, D., Wedeken, U., Junginger, H., and Amata, E.

Abstract

During the interval 0400-1600 UT on August 31, 1978 strong pc5 activity was observed in the morning and afternoon sector of the magnetosphere. Using data from a world-wide network of ground-magnetometer stations and from the geostationary satellites GEOS 2, GOES 2 and 3 as well as the satellite pair ISEE 1 and 2 a case study was performed with special respect to the question of possible source mechanisms responsible for the observed pulsations. Like earlier workers we came up with the result that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause or in the low latitude boundary layer is a likely candidate. In particular we found a change in the azimuthal phase propagation direction from westwards on the morning side and eastward on the afternoon side. Also the sense of polarization and the azimuth of the ground magnetic disturbance in the horizontal plane changed across the meridian of the stagnation point as predicted by a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability source mechanism. A more detailed analysis was carried out for an isolated, large amplitude pc5 event at 1040 UT. At the same time magnetic field observations from the ISEE satellite pair indicate a flux transfer event (FTE) like disturbance at the magnetopause. Also indications of magnetopause boundary oscillations were found, and we feel that this FTE-like event constitutes a possible source for the observed impulsive pc5 event recorded on the ground and on GEOS 2. Furthermore, as the observed pc5 pulsations exhibit a wave-packet structure, we studied whether these wave packets coincided with substorms or substorm intensifications observed simultaneously in the nighttime magnetosphere. However, only a partial one-to-one correlation was found.           ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y054611 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/205 &nbsp

Published
1984

179. Formation of particles prepared using chitosan and their trimethyl chitosan derivatives for oral vaccine delivery: Effect of molecular weight and degree of quaternization

Author

Boontha, S., Junginger, H. E., Neti Waranuch, Polnok, A., and Pitaksuteepong, T.

Subjects
lcsh:T, lcsh:Technology (General), trimethyl chitosan, lcsh:T1-995, molecular weight, lcsh:Q, formation of particles, chitosan, lcsh:Science, lcsh:Science (General), degree of quaternization, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of molecular weight (MW) of chitosan and the degree ofquaternization (DQ) of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) on the formation of particles. The amount of tripolyphosphate (TPP) wasvaried in order to optimize the preparation condition of particles. Particle size, zeta potential, loading efficiency (LE) of ovalbumin(OVA), a model antigen, and OVA release profiles were also investigated in order to select the best systems for oralvaccine delivery. The results showed that the amount of TPP added has an effect on the ability of chitosan and TMC polymerto form particles. The formation of chitosan particles required a higher amount of TPP than that of TMC particles. Using thesame amount of TPP, the MW of chitosan did not have an effect on particle formation whereas the DQ of TMC had. Dependingon the amount of TPP, the size of particles prepared from chitosan and their TMC were in the range of 0.5-2.3 m andtheir positive charges were in the range of 3-48 mV. Adding the same amount of TPP, the size of the chitosan particles waslarger than that of their respective TMC particles. The size of the TMC particles was decreased with increasing of DQ. Thezeta potential of the TMC particles was higher than that of their starting chitosan particles and it increased with increasingDQ. The loading efficiency (LE) of OVA onto the TMC particles was charge-dependent. MW did not affect the LE of chitosanparticles. The OVA release from the particles prepared depended on the solubility and loading capacity of the particles.

183. Abstracts of papers

Author

Roorda, W. E., primary, de Vries, M. A., additional, Kosho, C., additional, Bouwstra, J. A., additional, Junginger, H. E., additional, Boddé, H. E., additional, Kleinjan, C., additional, de Bruyn, W. C., additional, Daems, W. T., additional, Kranenburg, T., additional, van Driel, L. M. J., additional, Roosjen, R., additional, Gulot, H. F. L., additional, de Vringer, T., additional, Joosten, J. G. H., additional, Jousma, H., additional, Bouwstra, J., additional, Gooris, G., additional, Gooris, G. S., additional, Tiemessen, H. L. G. M., additional, Junsinger, H. E., additional, Verhoeven, J., additional, de Groot, J. J. H. U., additional, Schaeffer, R. J., additional, Peschier, L. J. C., additional, Duchateau, G. S. M. J. E., additional, Zuldema, J., additional, Merkus, F. W. H. M., additional, Pieters, F. A. J. M., additional, Dekker, D., additional, van Blools, L., additional, Crommelin, D. J. A., additional, Jiskoot, W., additional, Offringa, J. C. A., additional, Plekkenpol, R., additional, Peeters, P. A. M., additional, Claessens, A. C. M., additional, Leufkens, P. W. J. T., additional, Eling, W. M. C., additional, Poelma, F. G. J., additional, Tukker, J. J., additional, Cromnelin, D. J. A., additional, Storm, G., additional, van Bloois, L., additional, Brouwer, M., additional, Talsma, H., additional, Blankenstein, M. A., additional, Nortier, J. W. R., additional, Bakri, A., additional, Wilting, J., additional, Janssen, L. H. H., additional, Crommelin, P. J. A., additional, Mathieu, A. M., additional, van Ooteghem, M., additional, Ludwig, A., additional, Breimer, D. D., additional, de Boer, A. G., additional, Kleinbloesem, C. H., additional, van Brummelen, P., additional, Danhof, M., additional, Urquhart, J., additional, Bolhuis, G. K., additional, van Kamp, H. V., additional, Proost, J. H., additional, Lerk, C. F., additional, de Boer, A. H., additional, Vromans, H., additional, de Haan, P., additional, Schoonen, A. J. M., additional, de Vries-Nijboer, G. W., additional, Bosch, E. H., additional, Kussendrager, K. D., additional, van Saene, H. K. F., additional, Mahieu, H. F., additional, van Saene, J. J. M., additional, Baaijens, L., additional, Middelbeek, E., additional, van Rooy, R., additional, Vissers, M. J. C., additional, Baaljens, L., additional, Sam, A. P., additional, Boer, Y., additional, Janknegt, D., additional, Cox, H. L. M., additional, de Meijer, P. J. J., additional, Kloeg, P. H. A. M., additional, Mensink, C. K., additional, van de Vaart, F. J., additional, Roggen, W., additional, Boom, F. A., additional, Paalman, A. C. A., additional, Vos, Th., additional, de Gier, J. J., additional, Takken-Hillebrecht, A., additional, van Lakwijk-Najoan, J. A. L., additional, Leufkens, H. G. M., additional, and Paes, A. H. P., additional

Published
1986
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