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A novel protocol facilitated by Na2SO3 that enhances the efficiency of palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling and the homo-coupling reactions of arylhydrazines. This innovative method enables the effective construction of a diverse array of cinnamate derivatives and biphenyl compounds. Notably, these transformative reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature, leveraging the activation of C-N bonds. This technique not only streamlines the synthesis process but also expands our understanding and expertise in the realm of coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes with and without aid of a computer-assisted surgical navigation system (CASNS) for treatment of unilateral orbital wall fracture (OWF). Methods: Patients who came to our hospital for repairing unilateral traumatic OWF from 2014 to 2017 were included in this study. The patients were divided into the navigation group who accepted orbital wall reconstruction aided by CASNS and the conventional group. We evaluated the surgical precision in the navigation group by analyzing the difference between actual postoperative computed tomography data and preoperative virtual surgical plan through color order ratios. We also compared the duration of surgery, enophthalmos correction, restoration of orbital volumes, and improvement of clinical symptoms in both groups systemically. Quantitative data were presented as mean ± SD. Significance was determined by the two-sample t-test using SPSS Version 19.0 A p

This short note elaborates a concise protocol for the synthesis of two novel vicinal haloethers bearing a malonontrile group, 2-bromo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile (1) and 2-iodo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile (2). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The final products indicate that methanol not only acts as solvent but also participates in and dominates the reaction result.

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium is a common psychiatric disorder among patients who undergo spinal surgery. The purpose of current meta-analysis was to assess the potential risk factors related to delirium in spinal surgery. Methods We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from inception to July 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included studies using the previously described Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We included spinal surgery patients who suffered with delirium or not. Stata 12.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results Thirteen trial studies that met our inclusion criteria were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Postoperative delirium was associated with an increase of the duration of hospital stay (P = 0.044) and increased perioperative readmission rate (P = 0.013) and economic costs (P = 0.002). This meta-analysis demonstrates that there were twenty-two risk factors: general characteristic: old age, female patients, history of surgery, diabetes mellitus, hypertension; preoperative data: low hematocrit, low hemoglobin, low albumin, low sodium, depression; operative data: operating time, total blood loss; postoperative data: low sodium, low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low albumin, fever, low potassium, blood sugar, and visual analog scale (VAS). Conclusions Delirium not only prolongs the length of hospital stay, but also increases readmission rate and the economic costs. Several risk factors including old age, female patients, history of surgery, diabetes mellitus, low hematocrit, low hemoglobin, low albumin, low sodium, depression; operative data: operating time, total blood loss, low sodium, low hemoglobin, low hematocrit, low albumin, fever, low potassium, blood sugar, and VAS were significant predictors for postoperative delirium after spinal surgery.

ObjectiveThe present study aims to increase the concentration of genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the distraction osteogenesis (DO) interstitial space and induce the conversion of BMSCs to osteoblasts to improve the osteogenic efficiency in DO and shorten the treatment period.MethodsBone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-modified cell sheets of BMSCs were constructed by tissue engineering. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A (the blank control group), group B (the GFP group) with the injection of GFP gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap, and group C (the BMP-1 group) with the injection of BMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap. Rabbits in all three groups were distracted for 5 days at a distraction rate of 2.0 mm/d, once/day. After distraction, the above-mentioned cell sheet suspension was injected into the distraction gap to observe osteogenesis, which was observed by gross specimen observation, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning, and histomorphology.ResultsThe gross specimen observation showed that all animals had smooth and continuous bone cortex in the distraction region with relatively high hardness. The osteogenesis quality or hardness was ranked from the highest to the lowest, as Group C > Group B > Group A. Micro-CT and histomorphological observation revealed that group C had better maturation and bone volume of the new bone in the DO region at weeks 3 and 6 than groups B and A.ConclusionBMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets could effectively promote the formation of new bone during rapid DO in the mandible, compensating for the poor osteogenesis caused by rapid distraction and providing a new approach to shorten the DO treatment period in clinical practice.

In mobile crowd sensing(MCS), attackers can reconstruct the social circle among sensing users, who use the social association information among sensing users and the correlation between the sensing user’s identity and sensing data to further attack a social alliance. In order to tackle this issue, a fog-aided identity privacy protection scheme is proposed. Firstly, two fog nodes are introduced which located at the edge of the sensing terminal. The one is task allocation center (TC) for handling the reasonable allocation of sensing tasks, and the other is data center (DC) for calculating sensing data. Furthermore, differential privacy is employed for preventing attackers from acquiring the specific social association weight of sensing users. Finally, in order to prevent attackers from obtaining the sensing users' identity information and sensing data at the same time, sensing users use different blind identities to communicate with TC and DC. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme can ensure the security of identity privacy information of sensing users in the process of completing sensing tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can protect the social association information between sensing users, and has a low delay.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with macular grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, total 78 patients(101 eyes)diagnosed with diabetic macular edema in Dongguan People's Hospital from October 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into two groups. 40 patients(52 eyes)were in combination therapy group and 38 patients(49 eyes)were in monotherapy group. The changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT)and frequency of injections in two groups were compared after 12mo follow-up.RESULTS: At the end of 12mo follow up, the BCVA(0.44±0.22 vs 0.55±0.23)and CRT(335.3±65.9μm vs 370.4±84.4μm; Pvs 5.83±1.92 injections, t= -5.722, Pvs 14.04±2.69mmHg, P>0.05)in intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of ranibizumab and macular grid photocoagulation was an effective treatment for DME patients, could significantly reduced the frequency of injections, and represent a superior therapeutic approach to DME patients.

Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling of N-methoxy amides and arylboronic acids for the synthesis of aryl-N-methoxy arylimides. The fully selective O-arylation of the N-methoxy amides is found to be greatly prompted by the inexpensive and commercially available CuI. The reaction conditions tolerate a variety of functional groups and promote different reactivities depending on the electronic and steric properties of the distorted substrates.

Bio-fertilizer practice considers not only economical but also environmentally friendly, sustainable agriculture. Endophytes can play important beneficiary roles in plant development, directly, indirectly, or synergistically. In this study, the majority of our endophytic actinobacteria were able to possess direct plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, including auxin (88%), ammonia (96%), siderophore production (94%), and phosphate solubilization (24%), along with cell-wall degrading enzymes such as protease (75%), cellulase (81%), lipase (81%), and chitinase (18%). About 45% of tested strains have an inhibitory effect on the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum, followed by 26% for Verticillium dahlia. Overall, our results showed that strains XIEG63 and XIEG55 were the potent strains with various PGP traits that caused a higher significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in length and biomass in the aerial part and roots of tomato and cotton, compared to the uninoculated plants. Our data showed that the greatest inhibition percentages of two phytopathogens were achieved due to treatment with strains XIEG05, XIEG07, XIEG45, and XIEG51. The GC-MS analysis showed that most of the compounds were mainly alkanes, fatty acid esters, phenols, alkenes, and aromatic chemicals and have been reported to have antifungal activity. Our investigation emphasizes that endophytic actinobacteria associated with medicinal plants might help reduce the use of chemical fertilization and potentially lead to increased agricultural productivity and sustainability.