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Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating agent, is the widely used first-line chemotherapeutic reagent for glioma in clinical practice. However, TMZ-induced autophagy is another cellular process favoring glioma cell survival. This study aimed to explore whether hispidulin can facilitate TMZ-induced cell death of glioma. The MTT assay showed that coadministration with hispidulin and TMZ could significantly decrease the viability of glioma U87MG cells. Meanwhile, hispidulin administration was also observed to promote TMZ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, additional hispidulin treatment further elevated TMZ-induced expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3 protein but decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in U87MG cells. We also observed that hispidulin suppressed TMZ-induced autophagy to promote apoptosis, as showed by decreased AVOs and LC3B-I/II protein expression. These results collectively suggested that the combination of hispidulin and TMZ could improve the antitumor efficiency of TMZ against malignant gliomas.

In the marine environment, the interactions among various species based on chemical signals play critical roles in influencing microbial structure and function. Quorum sensing (QS), the well-known signal-dependent communication autoinducer, is an important regulator in complex microbial communities. Here, we explored the QS gene profiles of phycosphere bacteria during a microcosmic phytoplankton bloom using metagenomic sequence data. More than fifteen subtypes of QS systems and 211,980 non-redundant amino acid sequences were collected and classified for constructing a hierarchical quorum-sensing database. The abundance of the various QS subtypes varied at different bloom stages and showed a strong correlation with phycosphere microorganisms. This suggested that QS is involved in regulating the phycosphere microbial succession during an algal bloom. A neutral community model revealed that the QS functional gene community assemblies were driven by stochastic processes. Co-occurrence model analysis showed that the QS gene networks of phycospheric microbes had similar topological structure and functional composition, which is a potential cornerstone for maintaining signal communication and population stabilization among microorganisms. Overall, QS systems have a strong relationship with the development of algal blooms and participate in regulating algal-associated microbial communities as chemical signals. This research reveals the chemical and ecological behavior of algal symbiotic bacteria and expands the current understanding of microbial dynamics in marine algal blooms.

Rumormongers spread negative information throughout the social network, which may even lead to panic or unrest. Rumor should be blocked by spreading positive information from several protector nodes in the network. Users will not be influenced if they receive the positive information ahead of negative one. In many cases, network manager or government may not know the exact positions where rumor will start. Meanwhile, protector nodes also need to be selected in order to prepare for rumor blocking. Given a social network G = (V,E,P), where P is the weight function on edge set E, P(u,v) is the probability that v is activated by u after u is activated. Assume there will be l rumormongers in the network while the exact positions are not clear, Robust Rumor Blocking(RRB) problem is to select k nodes as protector such that the expected eventually influenced users by rumor is minimized. RRB will be proved to be NP-hard and the objective function is neither submodular nor supermodular. We present an estimation process for the objective function of RRB based on Reverse Reachable Set(RR-Set) methods. A randomized greedy algorithm is designed for solving this problem. And this algorithm is proved to have approximation ratio $\frac {1}{\alpha }(1-e^{-\alpha \gamma })(1+\epsilon )$ plus a constant, where γ is submodularity ratio and α is curvature.Finally, we evaluate our algorithm on real world data sets and do comparison among different strategies for protector. The results show the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

In recent years, online social media has flourished, and a large amount of information has spread through social platforms, changing the way in which people access information. The authenticity of information content is weakened, and all kinds of misinformation rely on social media to spread rapidly. Network space governance and providing a trusted network environment are of critical significance. In this article, we study a novel problem called activity minimization of misinformation influence (AMMI) problem that blocks a node set from the network such that the total amount of misinformation interaction between nodes (TAMIN) is minimized. That is to say, the AMMI problem is to select $K$ nodes from a given social network $G$ to block so that the TAMIN is the smallest. We prove that the objective function is neither submodular nor supermodular and propose a heuristic greedy algorithm (HGA) to select top $K$ nodes for removal. Furthermore, in order to evaluate our proposed method, extensive experiments have been carried out on three real-world networks. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms comparison approaches.

It is very important to improve the operation and management efficiency of data and network for the construction of smart cities. The current trust infrastructure in smart cities shows obvious shor...

Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is widely used in fine-grained access control to achieve the secure data sharing. However, most of the existing CP-ABE access control schemes involve intermediary entities, which might suffer from a high trust-building cost, single point of failure and so on. Due to the decentralization and transparency of blockchain, some blockchain-based access control schemes are proposed to address these problems, but bring new challenges, such as the privacy leakage of access policy or attribute. In this paper, we propose a new trustworthy secure ciphertext-policy and attribute hiding access control scheme based on blockchain, named TrustAccess, to achieve trustworthy access while guaranteeing the privacy of policy and attribute. For one thing, to make the existing hidden policy CP-ABE more efficient and scalable for blockchain, we propose an optimized hidden policy CP-ABE, named OHP-CP-ABE, to ensure policy privacy while satisfying the large universe access requirement. For another thing, we use the multiplicative homomorphic ElGamal cryptosystem to ensure the attribute privacy during authorization validation. Finally, we theoretically prove the security of our TrustAccess from the aspects of blockchain operations and OHP-CP-ABE. Comprehensive comparisons and extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of our TrustAccess.

Purpose The encrypted money market has attracted the attention of investors all over the world. Among the encrypted currency, bitcoin is undoubtedly the most popular. Because blockchain technology is the crucial support of bitcoin, exploring the relationship between bitcoin and the blockchain index is necessary. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the Granger causality test to explore the correlation between bitcoin and the blockchain index. Furthermore, their volatility is analyzed by a GARCH-class model. Findings The results show that no significant correlation exists between bitcoin and the blockchain index; external shocks aggravate the volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index, and the volatility has a certain degree of sustainability; and blockchain index has obvious leverage, namely, its decline has a stronger impact. Originality/value The volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index is crucial for investors.

As an important biothiol in living cells, cysteine is closely related to oxidative damage in living organisms. Sulfite from cysteine metabolism in living cells plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in an organism, and the unbalance of sulfite in vivo would lead to multiple diseases. Thus the development of a new fluorescent probe for cysteine metabolism is needed urgently in mitochondria which are the main place of cysteine metabolism. Herein we construct a novel targeting mitochondria fluorescent probe CP-K based on the FRET mechanism to visualize sulfite in living MCF-7 cells. Probe CP-K displays a large Stokes shift of 150 nm, a low detection limit (26.3 nM) and "naked eye" detection after the addition of HSO3-. Importantly, it is appropriate for imaging the endogenous sulfite from cysteine metabolism in living cells.

Blockchain-based product traceability systems are receiving increasing attention from both industry and academia. Existing systems make full use of the traceability and non-modification characteristics of blockchain technology and realize the openness and transparency of product traceability information in the entire supply chain. However, existing systems do not consider government regulation, cannot protect enterprise sensitive private data effectively, and have performance bottlenecks. To address these problems, this paper proposes a product traceability scheme based on the permissioned blockchain within a double-layer framework. We introduce the double-layer framework and describe its advantages in detail. We also describe the smart contracts (chain code) in the double-layer framework. Finally, we test the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation experiments. The simulation results demonstrate the performance of nodes in the main layer, which is very important for consumers to obtain product traceability information, is optimized.

Reaction induced PdxBiy/SiC catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity (92% conversion of benzyl alcohol and 98% selectivity of benzyl aldehyde) and stability (time on stream of 200 h) in the gas phase oxidation of alcohols at a low temperature of 240 °C due to the formation of Pd0–Bi2O3 species. TEM indicates that the agglomeration of the 5.8 nm nanoparticles is inhibited under the reaction conditions. The transformation from inactive PdO–Bi2O3 to active Pd0–Bi2O3 under the reaction conditions is confirmed elaborately by XRD and XPS.

Some algae possess a multi-morphic life cycle, either in the form of free-living solitary cells or colonies which constantly occur in algal blooms. Though colony formation seems to consume extra energy and materials, many algae tend to outbreak in form of colonies. Here, we hypothesized that colony formation is a selected evolutionary strategy to improve population competitiveness and environmental adaptation. To test the hypothesis, different sizes of colonies and solitary cells in a natural bloom of Phaeocystis globosa were investigated. The large colony showed a relatively low oxidant stress level, a nutrient trap effect, and high nutrient use efficiency. The colonial nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were about 5-10 times higher than solitary cell phycosphere and cellular nutrient allocation decreased with the enlargement of the colonial diameter following the economies of scale law. These features provide the colony with monopolistic competence and could function as an evolutionary strategy for competitive adaptation.

Thermus thermophilus DNA ligase (Tth DNA ligase) is widely employed for cloning, enzymatic synthesis, and molecular diagnostics at high temperatures (e.g., 65 °C). It has been long believed that the complementary ends must be very long (e.g., >30 bp) to place two DNA fragments nearby for the ligation. In the current study, the length of the complementary portion was systematically varied, and the ligation efficiency was evaluated using the high resolution melting (HRM) method. Unexpectedly, very short oligonucleotides (7-10 nt) were successfully ligated on the complementary overhang attached to a dsDNA at 70 °C. Furthermore, sticky ends with the overhang of only 4 nt long, available after scission with many restriction enzymes, were also efficiently ligated at 45-70 °C. The ligation yield for the 6-nt-long sticky ends was as high as 80%. It was concluded that Tth DNA ligase can be used as a unique tool for DNA manipulation that cannot be otherwise easily accomplished.

Group plays an important role in social society. Much of the world’s decision or work is done by groups and teams. A group’s decision should be made based on most of the members in the group that reach agreement on a concerned topic. If we want to spread a topic and maximize the total number of activated groups in a social network, which seed users should we choose. In this article, we will study a new influence maximization (IM) problem which focuses on the number of groups activated by some concerned topic or information. A group is said to be activated if $\beta $ percent of users in this group are activated. Group IM (GIM) aims to select $k$ seed users such that the number of eventually activated groups is maximized. We first analyze the complexity and approximability of GIM, which is NP-hard, and the objective function presented in this article is proven to be neither submodular nor supermodular. We develop an upper bound problem and a lower bound problem whose objective functions are submodular. Then, an algorithm based on group coverage will be proposed, and the Sandwich framework is formulated with theoretical analysis to solve GIM. Our experiments verify the effectiveness of our method, as well as the advantage of our method against the other heuristic methods.

Blockchain with these characteristics of decentralized structure, transparent and credible, time-series and immutability, has been considering as a promising technology. Consensus algorithm as one of the core techniques of blockchain directly affects the scalability of blockchain systems. Existing probabilistic finality blockchain consensus algorithms such as PoW, PoS, suffer from power consumptions and low efficiency; while absolute finality blockchain consensus algorithms such as PBFT, HoneyBadgerBFT, could not meet the scalability requirement in a large-scale network. In this paper, we propose a novel optimized practical Byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm based on EigenTrust model, namely T-PBFT, which is a multi-stage consensus algorithm. It evaluates node trust by the transactions between nodes so that the high quality of nodes in the network will be selected to construct a consensus group. To reduce the probability of view change, we propose to replace a single primary node with a primary group. By group signature and mutual supervision, we can enhance the robustness of the primary group further. Finally, we analyze T-PBFT and compare it with the other Byzantine fault tolerant consensus algorithms. Theoretical analysis shows that our T-PBFT can optimize the Byzantine fault-tolerant rate, reduce the probability of view change and communication complexity.

Based on a subway station project, this paper puts forward the risk factors in the process of subway construction. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the risk factor model of metro station. Establishes the risk judgment matrix at all levels by combining the results of expert investigation method. By evaluating the risk factors of the subway station, the weight values of the above risk factors are calculated and sorted. As a result, the risk management system of subway station is put forward.The research results of this method provide a theoretical basis for the project managers to determine the risk factors, and lay a foundation for the smooth progress of the subway station construction project.

Blood glucose (BG) concentration monitoring is essential for controlling complications arising from diabetes, as well as digital management of the disease. At present, finger-prick glucometers are widely used to measure BG concentrations. In consideration of the challenges of invasive BG concentration measurements involving pain, risk of infection, expense, and inconvenience, we propose a noninvasive BG concentration detection method based on the conservation of energy metabolism. In this study, a multisensor integrated detection probe was designed and manufactured by 3D-printing technology to be worn on the wrist. Two machine-learning algorithms were also applied to establish the regression model for predicting BG concentrations. The results showed that the back-propagation neural network model produced better performance than the multivariate polynomial regression model, with a mean absolute relative difference and correlation coefficient of 5.453% and 0.936, respectively. Here, about 98.413% of the predicted values were within zone A of the Clarke error grid. The above results proved the potential of our method and device for noninvasive glucose concentration detection from the human wrist.

The prevalence of Bitcoin has attracted a mass of investors into the blockchain ecosystem. Unfortunately, benefiting from its anonymity and immutability, scammers deploy various traps in smart contracts to exploit other participants and seize illegal proceeds. To identify smart Ponzi contracts-a classic fraud widely popular on Ethereum, previous studies present several machine learning-based models with considerable accuracy. However, the performance of their models relies on the behavioral features of smart contracts to a large margin, which are extracted from the transaction records only after a contract has been running for some time. In this paper, we borrow ideas from text feature extraction from Natural Language Processing (NLP) to build a classification model based on an improved CatBoost algorithm. A novel feature extraction pattern is applied in our model to deeply mine the logic of smart contract code. This approach can be used to detect Ponzi schemes at deployment time with improved performance, and thus can avoid the loss of investors originally.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited genetic disease characterized by recurrent numbness and limb weakness. HNPP can be easily missed or misdiagnosed because of electrophysiological heterogeneity and atypical clinical symptoms. To date, diagnosis of HNPP remains a challenge for clinicians.Here, we report the case of a 12-year-old woman diagnosed with HNPP, which was initially diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).Repeat electrodiagnostic studies and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of HNPP.The patient was treated with neurotrophic drugs and health education, including avoiding maintenance of a certain posture for extended periods, which could damage the peripheral nerves.The patient was discharged 5 days later. The patient was free from recurrence after 6 months of follow-up.This case highlights the complexity of HNPP diagnosis and emphasizes the importance of early identification.

Online discussion forums are trending as popular platforms that allow asynchronous online interactions through a unique communication structure composed of main threads and the associated replies. In this paper, we present a learning framework – called SocialGrid – for modeling event dynamics in online discussion forums. Using a grid transformation, we explore the possibility of converting the problem of tempo-ral space modeling into the problem of density space modeling. Inspired by the nature of the grid, we leverage a temporal convolution network to learn the dynamics in the density space. Changing the transformation precision, our approach can model the temporal dynamics at different granularities, thereby fulfilling prediction tasks with different needs. Experiments on real-world datasets have shown that our frame-work excels at various prediction tasks compared with other possible approaches.

An aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium was isolated from a liquid culture of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and designated as strain LMIT003T. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this strain is affiliated with the genus Tropicibacter in the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria and shows high similarity (97.3%) with the type species Tropicibacter naphthalenivorans C02T. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genes showed that the isolate groups with members of the genus Tropicibacter. The G + C content of strain LMIT003T was determined to be 61.9 mol%. The major fatty acids identified included summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c), C18:0, C12:1 3-OH and C16:0. The sole respiratory lipoquinone was found to be ubiquinone-10. The major polar lipids were found to be phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The draft genome size of strain LMIT003T was determined to be 4.8 Mbp. The average nucleotide identity values between strain LMIT003T and reference Tropicibacter species were determined to be 78.7% (T. naphthalenivorans) and 74.2% (Tropicibacter phthalicicus). Based on physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain LMIT003T is concluded to represent a novel species in the genus Tropicibacter, for which the name Tropicibacter alexandrii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is LMIT003T (= CICC 24660T = KCTC 62895T).

Earth’s atmosphere experienced a step of profound oxygenation during the Neoproterozoic era, accompanied by diversification of animals. However, during the Cryogenian period (720–635 million years ago) Earth experienced its most severe glaciations which likely impacted marine ecosystems and multicellular life in the oceans. In particular, large volumes of Mn and Fe accumulated during the interglacial intervals of the Cryogenian glaciations, indicating large anoxic marine metal reservoirs. Here we present chromium isotope-, rare earth element-, and redox-sensitive trace element data of sedimentary rocks from the interglacial Datangpo Formation deposited between the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations in South China, in an attempt to investigate the oxidation state of the oceans and atmosphere. Both the Cr isotope and trace element data indicate mainly anoxic water conditions with cryptic oxic surface water incursions after the Sturtian glaciation. Glacial-fed manganese precipitated as manganese carbonate in anoxic basins, and the non-fractionated δ53Cr record of −0.10 ± 0.06‰ identifies anoxic conditions with a cryptic component of slightly fractionated Cr isotope composition in manganese ore, in line with distinctly fractionated Mo isotope composition. Both the manganese carbonate ore and the black shales exhibit very low redox-sensitive element concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the oxygenation of the seawater, and inferably of the atmosphere, at the beginning of the Cryogenian interglacial interval was much subdued. The post-glacial rebound then allowed the Ediacaran biological diversity.

Introduction: The self-adhesive mesh has become increasingly popular since its launch and has been proven to be reliable in laparoscopic hernia reparation. However, self-adhesive mesh may ...

A series of rosamine dyes were designed and synthesized through one-step reaction. Among them, bifunctional fluorescent probe RosPO(OH)2 showed excellent water solubility and large molar extinction coefficient. RosPO(OH)2 underwent a two-step ionization process as the pH value of the HEPES buffer increased, accompanied a blue shift of UV absorption and an enhancement of fluorescence intensity. This means it can be used as a pH sensor. After the addition of HOCl, the fluorescence of RosPO(OH)2 was quenched and the color of the solution changed from pink to colorless which permitted "naked eye" detection. RosPO(OH)2 could be used as a sensor for detecting HOCl with high selectivity, rapid response, low detection limit (52 nM) and a wide range of pH application (pH 1–10). Colocalization results showed that RosPO(OH)2 could specifically stain in mitochondria. Due to the low toxicity and the excellent water solubility of RosPO(OH)2, it had been successfully applied to image pH and HOCl in living cells.

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a potential oncogenic target. However, Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical trial induce heat shock response, resulting in drug resistance and inefficiency. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel triazine derivatives (A1‐26, B1‐13, C1‐23) as Hsp90 inhibitors. Compound A14 directly bound to Hsp90 in a different manner from traditional Hsp90 inhibitors, and degraded client proteins, but did not induce the concomitant activation of Hsp72. Importantly, A14 exhibited the most potent anti‐proliferation ability by inducing autophagy, with the IC50 values of 0.1 μM and 0.4 μM in A549 and SK‐BR‐3 cell lines, respectively. The in vivo study demonstrated that A14 could induce autophagy and degrade Hsp90 client proteins in tumor tissues, and exhibit anti‐tumor activity in A549 lung cancer xenografts. Therefore, the compound A14 with potent antitumor activity and unique pharmacological characteristics is a novel Hsp90 inhibitor for developing anticancer agent without heat shock response.

In 2012, Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of the matching energy of a graph and pointed out that its chemical applications can go back to the 1970s. The matching energy of a graph G is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the zeros of the matching polynomial of G . In this paper, we first present some new techniques of comparing the matching energies of two graphs. As the applications of these techniques, we can determine the unicyclic graphs of order n with the first to the eighth smallest matching energies for all n ≥ 42 .

A Gram-stain-negative, motile with flagellum, ovoid- or rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, was isolated from the phycosphere of the microalga Chlorellavulgaris and designated as strain LMIT002T. The bacterium formed white, circular and smooth colonies on marine agar 2216 after 48 h incubation at 25 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain LMIT002T was found to be affiliated with the family Rhodobacteraceae of the order Rhodobacterales, and formed a distinct group. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain LMIT002T and type strains in the family including Poseidonocella pacifica DSM 29316T, Roseobacter litoralis and Rhodovulum sulfidophilum were 95.1, 95.0 and 95.0 %, respectively. Strain LMIT002Tgrew optimally at 25 °C, pH 6.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol% (the thermal denaturation method) or 66.9 % (genome sequencing). The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, while the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7с/C18 : 1 ω6с). The draft genome of strain LMIT002T was sequenced and annotated, with the results showing that it had a total size of 4 607 780 bp and comprised 4557 genes. Functional genes encoding the production of vitamin B12, indole-3-acetic acid and transform dimethylsulphoniopropionate were detected. Given its distinct genomic, morphological and physiological differences from previously described type strains, strain LMIT002T is proposed as a representative of a novel genus of the family Rhodobacteraceae , with the name Phycocomes zhengii gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is LMIT002T (=KCTC 62390T=CICC 24357T).

Emergency relief distribution plays a vital role during disaster responding. This paper studies routes selection and transportation time moment selection for emergency relief distribution along with disaster information updating. This paper derives a new definition for route reliability, which is a combination of multiple routes according to three factors: reliability of each edge, the number of dissimilar detour paths, and dissimilarity of multiple routes. Transportation time moment is determined according to disaster information updating accuracy rate. A multi-objective mathematical programming is formulated for route planning problem. The objective function consists route reliability and information accuracy rate. Then we present an ant colony optimization algorithm to solve this problem. Disaster information update process is clarified, as well as propose a new way to evaluate multiple routes reliability and applying an improved ant colony optimization algorithm. Finally, an earthquake around Ludian in Yunnan Provence is considered as a disaster scenario to analyze our model and algorithm, include the optimal solution, parameters’ impact on objective function, and performance of our algorithms.

Crowd psychology is a critical factor when considering information diffusion, which has been modeled as composed influence. The composed influence is represented as a hyperedge in a graph model. A hyperedge e = (He, v) contains the head node set He and tail node v. Then a social network is modeled as a hypergraph. e can only propagate this influence when all nodes in He become active first. In this paper, the Composed Influence Maximization (CIM) also aims to select k initially-influenced seed users in such a social network. The objective is to maximize the expected number of eventually-influenced users. We present an approximating method for this objective function by formulating a series of submodular functions and these functions are convergent. Then, we develop a lower bound and an upper bound problems whose objective functions are submodular. We design a greedy strategy based on the lower bound maximization for solving CIM. We formulate a sandwich approximation framework, which preserves the theoretical analysis result. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm on real world data sets. The results show the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

A feasible double-site near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Q5 based on xanthenes was developed. Probe Q5 showed clearly HSO3− induced changes in the fluorescence ratio of two well-separated NIR and VIS peaks, showing excellent selectivity compared with other analytes. And the detection limit of the probe for HSO3− was found to be 89 nM. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging experiments of HSO3− in CEM cells revealed that the probe has potential application value in biological systems.

Excessive intake of melamine (MEL) can be harmful to human health, and it is important to establish a rapid and accurate MEL detection method. As the electrochemical activity of MEL is very low, ferrocenylglutathione (Fc-ECG) was used as an electron transfer mediator to assist with the detection of MEL using screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). This modified electrode (MEL/Fc-ECG/SPCE) was prepared by stepwise drop-casting and was fully characterized. Results showed that MEL significantly enhanced signal of Fc-ECG/SPCE sensor due to the three p-π conjugated double bonds that facilitated electron transfer. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibits two linearities in the range of 0.20-2.00 μM and 8.00-800 μM, with a sensitivity of 15.03 μA·μM

Herein, an algicidal strain, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila GA1, was isolated from a marine dinoflagellate and its genome was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome size of S. rhizophila GA1 was determined to be 5.92 Mb with a G+C content of 62.39%, comprising eight scaffolds of 67 contigs. A total of 4579 functional proteins were assigned according to COG categories. In silico genome annotation protocols identified multiple putative LuxI-like genes located in the upstream position at contig 4. The thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that three kinds of acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signals could be produced by S. rhizophila GA1. This work describes an algicidal bacterium capable of generating AHL molecules for its ecological adaptation. The annotated genome sequence of this strain may represent a valuable tool for studying algae-bacterium interactions and developing microbial methods to control harmful algae. The genome scaffolds generated are available in the National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject with accession number PRJNA485554.

This paper considers the problem of mining probabilistic frequent itemsets in the sliding window of an uncertain data stream. We design an effective in-memory index named PFIT to store the data synopsis, so the current probabilistic frequent itemsets can be output in real time. We also propose a depth-first algorithm, PFIMoS, to bottom-up build and maintain the PFIT dynamically. Because computing the probabilistic support is time consuming, we propose a method to estimate the range of probabilistic support by using the support and expected support, which can greatly reduce the runtime and memory usage. Nevertheless, massive probabilistic supports have to be computed when the minimum support is low over dense data, which may result in a drastic reduction of computing speed. We further address this problem with a heuristic rule-based algorithm, PFIMoS+, in which an error parameter is introduced to decrease the probabilistic support computing count. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can efficiently reduce computing time and memory, ensure fast and exact mining of probabilistic data streams, and markedly outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms TODIS-Stream (Sun et al., 2010) and FEMP (Akbarinia & Masseglia, 2013).

Objective: Increasing evidence emphasizes the clinical implications of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in cancers. This study aimed to develop a RBP signature for predicting prognosis in glioma.Methods: Two glioma datasets as training (n = 693) and validation (n = 325) sets were retrieved from the CGGA database. In the training set, univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to screen prognosis-related RBPs based on differentially expressed RBPs between WHO grade II and IV. A ten-RBP signature was then established. The predictive efficacy was evaluated by ROCs. The applicability was verified in the validation set. The pathways involving the risk scores were analyzed by ssGSEA. scRNA-seq was utilized for evaluating their expression in different glioma cell types. Moreover, their expression was externally validated between glioma and control samples.Results: Based on 39 prognosis-related RBPs, a ten RBP signature was constructed. High risk score distinctly indicated a poorer prognosis than low risk score. AUCs were separately 0.838 and 0.822 in the training and validation sets, suggesting its well performance for prognosis prediction. Following adjustment of other clinicopathological characteristics, the signature was an independent risk factor. Various cancer-related pathways were significantly activated in samples with high risk score. The scRNA-seq identified that risk RBPs were mainly expressed in glioma malignant cells. Their high expression was also found in glioma than control samples.Conclusion: This study developed a novel RBP signature for robustly predicting prognosis of glioma following multi-data set verification. These RBPs may affect the progression of glioma.

In social networks, there exist many kinds of groups in which people may have the same interests, hobbies, or political orientation. Sometimes, group decisions are made by simply majority, which means that most of the users in this group reach an agreement, such as US Presidential Elections. A group is calledactivatedif$$\beta$$βpercent of users are influenced in the group. Enterprise will gain income from all influenced groups. Simultaneously, to propagate influence, enterprise needs pay advertisement diffusion cost.Group profit maximization(GPM) problem aims to pickkseeds to maximize the expected profit that considers the benefit of influenced groups with the diffusion cost. GPM is proved to be NP-hard and the objective function is proved to be neither submodular nor supermodular. An upper bound and a lower bound which are difference of two submodular functions are designed. We propose a submodular–modular algorithm (SMA) to solve the difference of two submodular functions and SMA is shown to converge to a local optimal. We present an randomized algorithm based on weighted group coverage maximization for GPM and apply sandwich framework to get theoretical results. Our experiments verify the efficiency of our methods.