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152. Amorphizing of Ag Nanoparticles under Bioinspired One‐step Assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO Hybrids via Self‐redox Process with Enhanced Activity.

Author

Zhao, Songfang, Jiang, Haobo, Li, Jinhui, Meng, Xiangying, Chao, Tianyu, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Peng, Gao, Yongju, and Cao, Duxia

Subjects
*NANOPARTICLES, *GRAPHENE, *CRYSTAL structure, *CHEMICAL reactions, *COMPOSITE materials
Abstract

Efficient and reusable nanocatalysts fabricated via a facile assembly are highly desirable for the cost‐effective hydrogenation reduction. Inspired by a fishing process with a fishnet, multifunctional nanostructured catalysts are rationally designed to combine interesting features via the self‐redox assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag composites on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO). In detail, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) endow the ternary hybrids with superparamagnetism (21.42 emu g−1), facilitating catalysts to be separated from the reaction system. rGO could provide electron transfer pathways, enhancing catalytic activity. More interestingly, GO and Ag+ could behave as oxidants to oxidize Fe2+ for the in situ assembly of Fe3O4‐Ag/rGO without any addition of reductant/oxidant or organic solvents, and AgNPs endow the ternary hybrids with excellent catalytic behaviour. Meaningfully, the bioinspired process enables the ternary hybrids to possess more abundant micro−/nanopores, larger surface area, and more amorphization. They exhibit exceptional catalytic performance, and could be recycled with excellent activity by means of convenient magnetic separation (at least 7 times). Moreover, the ternary hybrids could degrade methylene blue under UV light due to different valence states of Fe in Fe3O4. Therefore, the proposed bioinspired assembly and structure design for hierarchical catalysts would pave a promising way to assemble other catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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153. Engineering Dynamic Surface Peptide Networks on ButyrylcholinesteraseG117Hfor Enhanced Organophosphosphorus Anticholinesterase Catalysis

Author

Hester, Kirstin P., Bhattarai, Krishna, Jiang, Haobo, Agarwal, Pratul K., and Pope, Carey

Abstract

The single residue mutation of butyrylcholinesterase (BChEG117H) hydrolyzes a number of organophosphosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases. Whereas other BChE active site/proximal mutations have been investigated, none are sufficiently active to be prophylactically useful. In a fundamentally different computer simulations driven strategy, we identified a surface peptide loop (residues 278–285) exhibiting dynamic motions during catalysis and modified it via residue insertions. We evaluated these loop mutants using computer simulations, substrate kinetics, resistance to inhibition, and enzyme reactivation assays using both the choline ester and OP substrates. A slight but significant increase in reactivation was noted with paraoxon with one of the mutants, and changes in KMand catalytic efficiency were noted in others. Simulations suggested weaker interactions between OP versus choline substrates and the active site of all engineered versions of the enzyme. The results indicate that an improvement of OP anticholinesterase hydrolysis through surface loop engineering may be a more effective strategy in an enzyme with higher intrinsic OP compound hydrolase activity.

Published
2019
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157. The immune signaling pathways of Manduca sexta

Author

Cao, Xiaolong, primary, He, Yan, additional, Hu, Yingxia, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Chen, Yun-Ru, additional, Bryant, Bart, additional, Clem, Rollie J., additional, Schwartz, Lawrence M., additional, Blissard, Gary, additional, and Jiang, Haobo, additional

Published
2015
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164. Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spätzle in innate immune response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta

Author

An, Chunju, Jiang, Haobo, and Kanost, Michael R.

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, fungi, Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Expression, Genes, Insect, Bombyx, Article, Immunity, Innate, Recombinant Proteins, Alternative Splicing, Drosophila melanogaster, Species Specificity, Hemolymph, Manduca, Animals, Cytokines, Drosophila Proteins, Insect Proteins, Amino Acid Sequence, Serine Proteases, Phylogeny, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract

The innate immune response of insects includes induced expression of genes encoding a variety of antimicrobial peptides. The signaling pathways that stimulate this gene expression have been well characterized by genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster, but are not well understood in most other insect species. One such pathway involves proteolytic activation of a cytokine called Spätzle, which functions in dorsal-ventral patterning in early embryonic development and in the antimicrobial immune response in larvae and adults. We have investigated the function of Spätzle in a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta, in which hemolymph proteinases activated during immune responses have been characterized biochemically. Two cDNA isoforms for M. sexta Spätzle-1 differ because of alternative splicing, resulting in a 10 amino acid residue insertion in the pro-region of proSpätzle-1B that is not present in proSpätzle-1A. The proSpätzle-1A cDNA encodes a 32.7 kDa polypeptide that is 23% and 44% identical to D. melanogaster and Bombyx mori Spätzle-1, respectively. Recombinant proSpätzle-1A was a disulfide-linked homodimer. M. sexta hemolymph proteinase 8 cleaved proSpätzle-1A to release Spätzle-C108, a dimer of the C-terminal 108 residue cystine-knot domain. Injection of Spätzle-C108, but not proSpätzle-1A, into larvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins, including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, and the immunoglobulin domain protein hemolin, but did not significantly affect the expression of two bacteria-inducible pattern recognition proteins, immulectin-2 and beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein-2. The results of this and other recent studies support a model for a pathway in which the clip-domain proteinase pro-hemolymph proteinase 6 becomes activated in plasma upon exposure to Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria or to beta-1,3-glucan. Hemolymph proteinase 6 then activates pro-hemolymph proteinase 8, which in turn activates Spätzle-1. The resulting Spätzle-C108 dimer is likely to function as a ligand to activate a Toll pathway in M. sexta as a response to a wide variety of microbial challenges, stimulating a broad response to infection. Structured digital abstract * MINT-7295125: Spätzle 1A (uniprotkb:C8BMD1) and Spätzle 1A (uniprotkb:C8BMD1) bind (MI:0407) by comigration in gel electrophoresis (MI:0807).

Published
2009

170. The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.

Author

Richards, Stephen, Gibbs, Richard A, Weinstock, George M, Brown, Susan J, Denell, Robin, Beeman, Richard W, Gibbs, Richard, Bucher, Gregor, Friedrich, Markus, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P, Klingler, Martin, Lorenzen, Marce, Roth, Siegfried, Schröder, Reinhard, Tautz, Diethard, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Muzny, Donna, Attaway, Tony, Bell, Stephanie, Buhay, Christian J, Chandrabose, Mimi N, Chavez, Dean, Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P, Cree, Andrew, Dao, Marvin, Davis, Clay, Chacko, Joseph, Dinh, Huyen, Dugan-Rocha, Shannon, Fowler, Gerald, Garner, Toni T, Garnes, Jeffrey, Gnirke, Andreas, Hawes, Alica, Hernandez, Judith, Hines, Sandra, Holder, Michael, Hume, Jennifer, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Joshi, Vandita, Khan, Ziad Mohid, Jackson, LaRonda, Kovar, Christie, Kowis, Andrea, Lee, Sandra, Lewis, Lora R, Margolis, Jon, Morgan, Margaret, Nazareth, Lynne V, Nguyen, Ngoc, Okwuonu, Geoffrey, Parker, David, Ruiz, San-Juana, Santibanez, Jireh, Savard, Joël, Scherer, Steven E, Schneider, Brian, Sodergren, Erica, Vattahil, Selina, Villasana, Donna, White, Courtney S, Wright, Rita, Park, Yoonseong, Lord, Jeff, Oppert, Brenda, Brown, Susan, Wang, Liangjiang, Weinstock, George, Liu, Yue, Worley, Kim, Elsik, Christine G, Reese, Justin T, Elhaik, Eran, Landan, Giddy, Graur, Dan, Arensburger, Peter, Atkinson, Peter, Beidler, Jim, Demuth, Jeffery P, Drury, Douglas W, Du, Yu-Zhou, Fujiwara, Haruhiko, Maselli, Vincenza, Osanai, Mizuko, Robertson, Hugh M, Tu, Zhijian, Wang, Jian-jun, Wang, Suzhi, Song, Henry, Zhang, Lan, Werner, Doreen, Stanke, Mario, Morgenstern, Burkhard, Solovyev, Victor, Kosarev, Peter, Brown, Garth, Chen, Hsiu-Chuan, Ermolaeva, Olga, Hlavina, Wratko, Kapustin, Yuri, Kiryutin, Boris, Kitts, Paul, Maglott, Donna, Pruitt, Kim, Sapojnikov, Victor, Souvorov, Alexandre, Mackey, Aaron J, Waterhouse, Robert M, Wyder, Stefan, Kriventseva, Evgenia V, Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko, Bork, Peer, Aranda, Manuel, Bao, Riyue, Beermann, Anke, Berns, Nicola, Bolognesi, Renata, Bonneton, François, Bopp, Daniel, Butts, Thomas, Chaumot, Arnaud, Denell, Robin E, Ferrier, David E K, Gordon, Cassondra M, Jindra, Marek, Lan, Que, Lattorff, H Michael G, Laudet, Vincent, von Levetsow, Cornelia, Liu, Zhenyi, Lutz, Rebekka, Lynch, Jeremy A, da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes, Posnien, Nico, Reuter, Rolf, Schinko, Johannes B, Schmitt, Christian, Schoppmeier, Michael, Shippy, Teresa D, Simonnet, Franck, Marques-Souza, Henrique, Tomoyasu, Yoshinori, Trauner, Jochen, Van der Zee, Maurijn, Vervoort, Michel, Wittkopp, Nadine, Wimmer, Ernst A, Yang, Xiaoyun, Jones, Andrew K, Sattelle, David B, Ebert, Paul R, Nelson, David, Scott, Jeffrey G, Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Kramer, Karl J, Arakane, Yasuyuki, Zhu, Qingsong, Hogenkamp, David, Dixit, Radhika, Jiang, Haobo, Zou, Zhen, Marshall, Jeremy, Elpidina, Elena, Vinokurov, Konstantin, Oppert, Cris, Evans, Jay, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Picheng, Sumathipala, Niranji, Altincicek, Boran, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Williams, Michael, Hultmark, Dan, Hetru, Charles, Hauser, Frank, Cazzamali, Giuseppe, Williamson, Michael, Li, Bin, Tanaka, Yoshiaki, Predel, Reinhard, Neupert, Susanne, Schachtner, Joachim, Verleyen, Peter, Raible, Florian, Walden, Kimberly K O, Angeli, Sergio, Forêt, Sylvain, Schuetz, Stefan, Maleszka, Ryszard, Miller, Sherry C, Grossmann, Daniela, Richards, Stephen, Gibbs, Richard A, Weinstock, George M, Brown, Susan J, Denell, Robin, Beeman, Richard W, Gibbs, Richard, Bucher, Gregor, Friedrich, Markus, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P, Klingler, Martin, Lorenzen, Marce, Roth, Siegfried, Schröder, Reinhard, Tautz, Diethard, Zdobnov, Evgeny M, Muzny, Donna, Attaway, Tony, Bell, Stephanie, Buhay, Christian J, Chandrabose, Mimi N, Chavez, Dean, Clerk-Blankenburg, Kerstin P, Cree, Andrew, Dao, Marvin, Davis, Clay, Chacko, Joseph, Dinh, Huyen, Dugan-Rocha, Shannon, Fowler, Gerald, Garner, Toni T, Garnes, Jeffrey, Gnirke, Andreas, Hawes, Alica, Hernandez, Judith, Hines, Sandra, Holder, Michael, Hume, Jennifer, Jhangiani, Shalini N, Joshi, Vandita, Khan, Ziad Mohid, Jackson, LaRonda, Kovar, Christie, Kowis, Andrea, Lee, Sandra, Lewis, Lora R, Margolis, Jon, Morgan, Margaret, Nazareth, Lynne V, Nguyen, Ngoc, Okwuonu, Geoffrey, Parker, David, Ruiz, San-Juana, Santibanez, Jireh, Savard, Joël, Scherer, Steven E, Schneider, Brian, Sodergren, Erica, Vattahil, Selina, Villasana, Donna, White, Courtney S, Wright, Rita, Park, Yoonseong, Lord, Jeff, Oppert, Brenda, Brown, Susan, Wang, Liangjiang, Weinstock, George, Liu, Yue, Worley, Kim, Elsik, Christine G, Reese, Justin T, Elhaik, Eran, Landan, Giddy, Graur, Dan, Arensburger, Peter, Atkinson, Peter, Beidler, Jim, Demuth, Jeffery P, Drury, Douglas W, Du, Yu-Zhou, Fujiwara, Haruhiko, Maselli, Vincenza, Osanai, Mizuko, Robertson, Hugh M, Tu, Zhijian, Wang, Jian-jun, Wang, Suzhi, Song, Henry, Zhang, Lan, Werner, Doreen, Stanke, Mario, Morgenstern, Burkhard, Solovyev, Victor, Kosarev, Peter, Brown, Garth, Chen, Hsiu-Chuan, Ermolaeva, Olga, Hlavina, Wratko, Kapustin, Yuri, Kiryutin, Boris, Kitts, Paul, Maglott, Donna, Pruitt, Kim, Sapojnikov, Victor, Souvorov, Alexandre, Mackey, Aaron J, Waterhouse, Robert M, Wyder, Stefan, Kriventseva, Evgenia V, Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko, Bork, Peer, Aranda, Manuel, Bao, Riyue, Beermann, Anke, Berns, Nicola, Bolognesi, Renata, Bonneton, François, Bopp, Daniel, Butts, Thomas, Chaumot, Arnaud, Denell, Robin E, Ferrier, David E K, Gordon, Cassondra M, Jindra, Marek, Lan, Que, Lattorff, H Michael G, Laudet, Vincent, von Levetsow, Cornelia, Liu, Zhenyi, Lutz, Rebekka, Lynch, Jeremy A, da Fonseca, Rodrigo Nunes, Posnien, Nico, Reuter, Rolf, Schinko, Johannes B, Schmitt, Christian, Schoppmeier, Michael, Shippy, Teresa D, Simonnet, Franck, Marques-Souza, Henrique, Tomoyasu, Yoshinori, Trauner, Jochen, Van der Zee, Maurijn, Vervoort, Michel, Wittkopp, Nadine, Wimmer, Ernst A, Yang, Xiaoyun, Jones, Andrew K, Sattelle, David B, Ebert, Paul R, Nelson, David, Scott, Jeffrey G, Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam, Kramer, Karl J, Arakane, Yasuyuki, Zhu, Qingsong, Hogenkamp, David, Dixit, Radhika, Jiang, Haobo, Zou, Zhen, Marshall, Jeremy, Elpidina, Elena, Vinokurov, Konstantin, Oppert, Cris, Evans, Jay, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Picheng, Sumathipala, Niranji, Altincicek, Boran, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Williams, Michael, Hultmark, Dan, Hetru, Charles, Hauser, Frank, Cazzamali, Giuseppe, Williamson, Michael, Li, Bin, Tanaka, Yoshiaki, Predel, Reinhard, Neupert, Susanne, Schachtner, Joachim, Verleyen, Peter, Raible, Florian, Walden, Kimberly K O, Angeli, Sergio, Forêt, Sylvain, Schuetz, Stefan, Maleszka, Ryszard, Miller, Sherry C, and Grossmann, Daniela

Abstract

Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.

Published
2008

173. Comparative genomic analysis of the Tribolium immune system.

Author

Zou, Zhen, Evans, Jay, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Picheng, Williams, Michael, Sumathipala, Niranji, Hetru, Charles, Hultmark, Dan, Jiang, Haobo, Zou, Zhen, Evans, Jay, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Picheng, Williams, Michael, Sumathipala, Niranji, Hetru, Charles, Hultmark, Dan, and Jiang, Haobo

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tribolium castaneum is a species of Coleoptera, the largest and most diverse order of all eukaryotes. Components of the innate immune system are hardly known in this insect, which is in a key phylogenetic position to inform us about genetic innovations accompanying the evolution of holometabolous insects. We have annotated immunity-related genes and compared them with homologous molecules from other species. RESULTS: Around 300 candidate defense proteins are identified based on sequence similarity to homologs known to participate in immune responses. In most cases, paralog counts are lower than those of Drosophila melanogaster or Anopheles gambiae but are substantially higher than Apis mellifera. The genome contains probable orthologs for nearly all members of the Toll, IMD, and JAK/STAT pathways. While total numbers of the clip-domain serine proteinases are approximately equal in the fly (29), mosquito (32) and beetle (30), lineage-specific expansion of the family is discovered in all three species. Sixteen of the thirty-one serpin genes form a large cluster in a 50 kb region resulted from extensive gene duplications. Among the nine Toll-like proteins, four are orthologous to Drosophila Toll. The presence of scavenger receptors and other related proteins indicates a role of cellular responses in the entire system. The structures of some antimicrobial peptides drastically differ from those in other orders of insects. CONCLUSIONS: A framework of information on Tribolium immunity is established, which may serve as a stepping stone for future genetic analyses of defense responses in a nondrosophiline genetic model insect.

Published
2007

179. Development of a Simulation and Optimization Tool for Heat Exchanger Design

Author

University of Maryland (College Park, Md.), Jiang, Haobo, Digital Repository at the University of Maryland, University of Maryland (College Park, Md.), Jiang, Haobo, and Digital Repository at the University of Maryland

Abstract

Heat exchangers have been used extensively and play an important role in the capital cost, energy efficiency and physical size of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. In this dissertation, a simulation and optimization tool to improve effectiveness and efficiency in design, rating, and analysis of air to refrigerant heat exchangers including conventional finned tube coils and emerging microchannel heat exchangers, Coil Designer, is developed and investigated using a general-purpose modeling concept and user-friendly interface. It is applicable to design of condensers, evaporators, and heating and cooling coils under any operating conditions. A network viewpoint was adopted to establish the general-purpose model and allow for analysis of arbitrary tube circuitry and mal-distribution of fluid flow inside the tubes. Comprehensive evaluation of solutions to the highly nonlinear system of equations in the local thermal/hydraulic performance within the tube network was conducted and a new solution method to successively approximate the physics of heat and fluid flow was developed to enhance the solution convergence capability. A segment-by-segment approach within each tube was implemented, to account for two-dimensional non-uniformity of air distribution across the exchanger, and heterogeneous refrigerant flow patterns through a tube. A further sub-dividable-segment model was created in order to address the significant change of properties and heat transfer coefficients in the single-phase and two-phase regime when a segment experiences flow regime change. The effectiveness-NTU method for cross-flow configuration was used also for combined heat and mass transfer problem under dehumidification, by defining equivalent thermal resistance and heat capacity. Object-oriented programming techniques were applied in developing Coil Designer to facilitate flexible and customizable design platform and building graphic user-friendly interface. Coupled heat exchangers with mult

Published
2003

197. Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

Author

Waterhouse, Robert M., primary, Kriventseva, Evgenia V., additional, Meister, Stephan, additional, Xi, Zhiyong, additional, Alvarez, Kanwal S., additional, Bartholomay, Lyric C., additional, Barillas-Mury, Carolina, additional, Bian, Guowu, additional, Blandin, Stephanie, additional, Christensen, Bruce M., additional, Dong, Yuemei, additional, Jiang, Haobo, additional, Kanost, Michael R., additional, Koutsos, Anastasios C., additional, Levashina, Elena A., additional, Li, Jianyong, additional, Ligoxygakis, Petros, additional, MacCallum, Robert M., additional, Mayhew, George F., additional, Mendes, Antonio, additional, Michel, Kristin, additional, Osta, Mike A., additional, Paskewitz, Susan, additional, Shin, Sang Woon, additional, Vlachou, Dina, additional, Wang, Lihui, additional, Wei, Weiqi, additional, Zheng, Liangbiao, additional, Zou, Zhen, additional, Severson, David W., additional, Raikhel, Alexander S., additional, Kafatos, Fotis C., additional, Dimopoulos, George, additional, Zdobnov, Evgeny M., additional, and Christophides, George K., additional

Published
2007
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