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La fonction d'enseignement bibliographique du bibliothecaire renforce la frequentation des bibliotheques et souligne le role educatif de l'institution qu'est la bibliotheque. Elle s'integre dans la fonction de communication utilisateur-bibliothecaire

Whole saliva samples and lip biopsies were collected from 12 allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients who developed extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and from 10 healthy allogeneic and syngeneic recipients without GVHD. Six of ten biopsies from patients with chronic GVHD had lichenoid stomatitis or sialadenitis, or both, with sialodochitis. Seven of nine biopsies from patients free of chronic GVHD were entirely normal, and two had either mild glandular or mucosal changes. Salivary gland involvement in chronic GVHD was associated with decreased or absent levels of salivary IgA and inorganic phosphate, decreased salivary flow rates, and increased concentrations of salivary sodium, albumin, and IgG. The most striking abnormalities were found in patients with histologic evidence of sialadenitis. In contrast, marrow transplant recipients without chronic GVHD had normal salivary immunoglobulin and electrolyte levels. Secretory IgA deficiency may contribute to the frequent sinobronchial infections observed in patients with chronic GVHD.

This paper discusses in detail the design and implementation of Poligon, a concurrent blackboard system, documenting our progress and the problem areas we identified in the process of developing it. It also considers the factors that aid and those that limit the performance of blackboard systems in general and of concurrent blackboard systems in particular, relating these factors to the implementation of Poligon.

Some ways in which blackboard systems can be made to operate in a multiprocessor environment are described in this paper. Cage and Poligon are two concurrent problem solving systems based on the blackboard model. The factors that motivate and constrain the design of parallel systems in general and parallel problem-solving systems in particular are discussed. Experiments performed on these two software architectures are described and their results and implications enumerated and explained.

Background The ultra-low redox potential and zinc binding properties of the intracellular pool of mammalian metallothioneins (MT) suggest a role for MT in the transduction of redox signals into intracellular zinc signals. Increased expression of MT after exposure to heavy metals, oxidative stress, or inflammatory cytokines leads to an increased intracellular redox-mobilizable zinc pool that can affect downstream zinc-sensitive signaling pathways. CD4+ T helper cells are poised to be influenced by MT transduced zinc signaling because they produce intracellular reactive oxygen species following activation through the T cell receptor and are sensitive to small changes in intracellular [Zn2+]. Results MT expression and intracellular [Zn2+] are both increased during primary activation and expansion of naïve CD4+ T cells into the Tr1 phenotype in vitro. When Tr1 cells from wildtype mice are compared with congenic mice lacking functional Mt1 and Mt2 genes, the expression of intracellular MT is associated with a greater increase in intracellular [Zn2+] immediately following exposure to reactive oxygen species or upon restimulation through the T cell receptor. The release of Zn2+ from MT is associated with a greater increase in p38 MAPK activation following restimulation and decreased p38 MAPK activation in MT knockout Tr1 cells can be rescued by increasing intracellular [Zn2+]. Additionally, IL-10 secretion is increased in MT knockout Tr1 cells compared with wildtype controls and this increase is prevented when the intracellular [Zn2+] is increased experimentally. Conclusions Differences in zinc signaling associated with MT expression appear to be a result of preferential oxidation of MT and concomitant release of Zn2+. Although zinc is released from many proteins following oxidation, release is greater when the cell contains an intracellular pool of MT. By expressing MT in response to certain environmental conditions, CD4+ T cells are able to more efficiently release intracellular zinc and regulate signaling pathways following stimulation. The link between MT expression and increased zinc signaling following activation represents an important immunomodulatory mechanism of MT and illuminates the complex role MT plays in shaping immune responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0151-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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obtaining and collecting customized portions of the written record and consulting and updating that information at any time. His dream involved the process of retrieving specific information from the body of recorded knowledge and managing that information for personal use. Now, as we approach the fiftieth anniversary of Bush's seminal article, we find that his startlingly prescient vision is rapidly becoming a reality. Anyone wishing to take advantage of the current capabilities of information technology needs only a basic microcomputer workstationa computer, keyboard, monitor, printer, and modemwhich can be purchased for as little as $2,000. Most faculty ' workstations already in use as word processors require only the addition of the modem to gain access to the newest information technologies. A modem serves as the electronic connection be