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158. NOTES AND NEWS

Author

Grout, A. J., Clute, Willard N., Bethel, E., Barbour, William C., Beal, W. J., Jahn, Albrecht, and White, C. A.

Published
1899

159. Additional file 1: of A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries

Author

Wulifan, Joseph, Brenner, Stephan, Jahn, Albrecht, and Allegri, Manuela De

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING
Abstract

Contains a pdf file with the charting forms prepared during the information extraction and sorting process outlined in Step 4 of the Methods Section. For each of the selected studies under review, a separate entry was. (PDF 461 kb)

Published
2016
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160. A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries

Author

Wulifan, Joseph K., Brenner, Stephan, Jahn, Albrecht, and De Allegri, Manuela

Subjects
Medicine(all), Adult, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Health Services Accessibility, Contraception use, Contraception, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, Contraceptive Agents, Socioeconomic Factors, Birth spacing and limiting, Family Planning Services, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Humans, Female, Family planning, Contraception Behavior, Developing Countries, Poverty, Research Article, Unmet need
Abstract

Background Poor access and low contraceptive prevalence are common to many Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Unmet need for family planning (FP), defined as the proportion of women wishing to limit or postpone child birth, but not using contraception, has been central to reproductive health efforts for decades and still remains relevant for most policy makers and FP programs in LMICs. There is still a lag in contraceptive uptake across regions resulting in high unmet need due to various socioeconomic and cultural factors. In this mixed method scoping review we analyzed quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies to summarize those factors influencing unmet need among women in LMICs. Methods We conducted our scoping review by employing mixed method approach. We included studies applying quantitative and qualitative methods retrieved from online data bases (PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar). We also reviewed the indexes of journals specific to the field of reproductive health by using a set of keywords related to unmet contraception need, and non-contraception use in LMICs. Results We retrieved 283 articles and retained 34 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Of these, 26 were quantitative studies and 8 qualitative studies. We found unmet need for FP to range between 20 % and 58 % in most studies. Woman’s age was negatively associated with total unmet need for FP, meaning as women get older the unmet need for FP decreases. The number of children was found to be a positively associated determinant for a woman’s total unmet need. Also, woman’s level of education was negatively associated – as a woman’s education improves, her total unmet need decreases. Frequently reported reasons for non-contraception use were opposition from husband or husbands fear of infidelity, as well as woman’s fear of side effects or other health concerns related to contraceptive methods. Conclusion Factors associated with unmet need for FP and non-contraception use were common across different LMIC settings. This suggests that women in LMICs face similar barriers to FP and that it is still necessary for reproductive health programs to identify FP interventions that more specifically tackle unmet need. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0281-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016

165. Universal health coverage anchored in the right to health

Author

Ooms, Gorik, Brolan, Claire, Eggermont, Natalie, Eide, Asbjorn, Flores, Walter, Forman, Lisa, Friedman, Eric A., Gebauer, Thomas, Gostin, Lawrence O., Hill, Peter S., Hussain, Sameera, McKee, Martin, Mulumba, Moses, Siddiqui, Faraz, Sridhar, Devi, Van Leemput, Luc, Waris, Attiya, and Jahn, Albrecht

Subjects
World health -- Planning -- Analysis, Company business planning, Health
Abstract

European Commissioner for Development Andris Piebalgs recently pointed out the need for 'updated and modernised [Millennium Development Goals], providing decent living standards for all--a set of minimum floors below which [...]

Published
2013
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171. Terminations of pregnancy in the European Union

Author

Gissler, Mika, Fronteira, Inês Santos Estevinho, Jahn, Albrecht, Karro, Helle, Moreau, Caroline, Silva, Miguel Oliveira da, Ølsen, Jörn Ø.R., Savona-Ventura, Charles, Temmerman, Marleen I. L., Hemminki, Elina K., REPROSTAT group, and REPROSTAT group

Subjects
Abortion -- European Union countries -- Statistics, Abortion -- Law and legislation -- European Union countries, Sex instruction -- European Union countries, Sexual health -- European Union countries
Abstract

Objective: To study the current legislation and trends in terminations of pregnancy in the European Union (EU). Design: Data were collected on legislation and statistics for terminations of pregnancy. Setting: Population-based statistics from the EU member states. Population: Women in reproductive age in the 27 EU member states. Methods: Information on legislation was collected for all 27 EU member states. Statistical information until 2008 was compiled from international (n = 24) and national sources (n = 17). Statistical data were not available for Austria, Cyprus and Luxembourg. Main outcomes measures: Terminations of pregnancy per 1000 women aged 15-49 years. Results: Ireland, Malta and Poland have restrictive legislation. Luxembourg permits termination of pregnancy on physical and mental health indications; Cyprus, Finland, and the UK further include socio-economic indications. In all other EU member states termination of pregnancy can be performed in early pregnancy on a women's request. In general, the rates of termination of pregnancy have declined in recent years. In total, 10.3 terminations were reported per 1000 women aged 15-49 years in the EU in 2008. The rate was 12.3/1000 for countries requiring a legal indication for termination, and 11.0/1000 for countries allowing termination on request. Northern Europe (10.9/1000) and Central and Eastern Europe (10.8/1000) had higher rates than Southern Europe (8.9/1000). Northern Europe, however, had substantially higher rates of termination of pregnancy among teenagers. Conclusion: A more consistent and coherent reporting of terminations of pregnancy is needed in the EU. The large variation of termination rates between countries suggests that termination of pregnancy rates may be reduced in some countries without restricting women's access to termination. Sexual education and provision of access to reliable and affordable contraception are essential to achieve low rates of termination of pregnancy., The REPROSTAT 3 (The State of Reproductive Health and Fertility in the European Union) project has been funded by the Health Programme of DG Health and Consumers at the European Commission and High Commissariat of Health, Ministry of Health, Portugal., peer-reviewed

Published
2012

176. A survey on worries of pregnant women - testing the German version of the Cambridge Worry Scale

Author

Petersen, Juliana, Paulitsch, Michael Anton, Güthlin, Corina, Gensichen, Jochen, Jahn, Albrecht, Petersen, Juliana, Paulitsch, Michael Anton, Güthlin, Corina, Gensichen, Jochen, and Jahn, Albrecht

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a transition period in a woman's life characterized by increased worries and anxiety. The Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS) was developed to assess the content and extent of maternal worries in pregnancy. It has been increasingly used in studies over recent years. However, a German version has not yet been developed and validated. The aim of this study was (1) to assess the extent and content of worries in pregnancy on a sample of women in Germany using a translated and adapted version of the Cambridge Worry Scale, and (2) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the German version. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and enrolled 344 pregnant women in the federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. Women filled out structured questionnaires that contained the CWS, the Spielberger-State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), as well as questions on their obstetric history. Antenatal records were also analyzed. Results: The CWS was well understood and easy to fill in. The major worries referred to the process of giving birth (CWS mean value 2.26) and the possibility that something might be wrong with the baby (1.99), followed by coping with the new baby (1.57), going to hospital (1.29) and the possibility of going into labour too early (1.28). The internal consistency of the scale (0.80) was satisfactory, and we found a four-factor structure, similar to previous studies. Tests of convergent validity showed that the German CWS represents a different construct compared with state and trait anxiety but has the desired overlap. Conclusions: The German CWS has satisfactory psychometric properties. It represents a valuable tool for use in scientific studies and is likely to be useful also to clinicians.

Published
2010

182. Germany's expanding role in global health

Author

Kickbusch, Ilona, Franz, Christian, Holzscheiter, Anna, Hunger, Iris, Jahn, Albrecht, Köhler, Carsten, Razum, Oliver, and Schmidt, Jean-Olivier

Abstract

Germany has become a visible actor in global health in the past 10 years. In this Series paper, we describe how this development complements a broad change in perspective in German foreign policy. Catalysts for this shift have been strong governmental leadership, opportunities through G7 and G20 presidencies, and Germany's involvement in managing the Ebola virus disease outbreak. German global health engagement has four main characteristics that are congruent with the health agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals; it is rooted in human rights, multilateralism, the Bismarck model of social protection, and a link between development and investment on the basis of its own development trajectory after World War 2. The combination of momentum and specific characteristics makes Germany well equipped to become a leader in global health, yet the country needs to accept additional financial responsibility for global health, expand its domestic global health competencies, reduce fragmentation of global health policy making, and solve major incoherencies in its policies both nationally and internationally.

Published
2017
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198. Universal Health Coverage and the Right to Health: From Legal Principle to Post-2015 Indicators.

Author

Sridhar, Devi, McKee, Martin, Ooms, Gorik, Beiersmann, Claudia, Friedman, Eric, Gouda, Hebe, Hill, Peter, and Jahn, Albrecht

Subjects
GOAL (Psychology), HUMAN rights, HEALTH policy, WORLD health
Abstract

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is widely considered one of the key components for the post-2015 health goal. The idea of UHC is rooted in the right to health, set out in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Based on the Covenant and the General Comment of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which is responsible for interpreting and monitoring the Covenant, we identify 6 key legal principles that should underpin UHC based on the right to health: minimum core obligation, progressive realization, cost-effectiveness, shared responsibility, participatory decision making, and prioritizing vulnerable or marginalized groups. Yet, although these principles are widely accepted, they are criticized for not being specific enough to operationalize as post-2015 indicators for reaching the target of UHC. In this article, we propose measurable and achievable indicators for UHC based on the right to health that can be used to inform the ongoing negotiations on Sustainable Development Goals. However, we identify 3 major challenges that face any exercise in setting indicators post-2015: data availability as an essential criterion, the universality of targets, and the adaptation of global goals to local populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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199. Insecticide-treated mosquito nets in rural Burkina Faso: assessment of coverage and equity in the wake of a universal distribution campaign.

Author

Zöllner, Caroline, De Allegri, Manuela, Louis, Valérie R, Yé, Maurice, Sié, Ali, Tiendrebéogo, Justin, Jahn, Albrecht, and Müller, Olaf

Abstract

Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are an essential tool of the Roll Back Malaria strategy. An increasing number of African countries have embarked on mass distribution campaigns of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) with the ultimate goal of universal coverage. Such a national campaign with the goal of one ITN for every two people has been conducted in Burkina Faso in 2010. Our aim was to assess the coverage and equity effect of the universal distribution campaign of LLINs in Burkina Faso and to identify determinants of ITN ownership across households after the campaign. We evaluated its effects through comparison of data from two household surveys conducted in early 2010 (before the campaign) and early 2011 (after the campaign) on a representative rural district in north-western Burkina Faso. Data were collected on household characteristics (including socio-economic status) and ITN ownership. We used concentration curves and indices to compare ITN coverage indicators before and after the campaign and multilevel multivariate logistic regression to estimate factors associated with achievement of the universal coverage target in 2011. The survey included 1106 households in 2010 and 1094 in 2011. We found that the proportion of households with at least one ITN increased from 59% before the campaign to 99% afterwards, whereas the concentration index dropped from 0.087 (standard error (SE): 0.014) to 0.002 (SE: 0.002). Fifty-two per cent of households reached the target of one ITN for every two people per household, with the relevant concentration index at -0.031 (SE: 0.016). Eighty-six per cent of households owned at least one ITN for every three people. The main characteristics significantly associated with the targeted intra-household coverage were family size and distance to the health centre but not socio-economic status. In conclusion, despite not having fully met its target, the national LLIN campaign achieved a high level of coverage and fostered equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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200. Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine

Author

Meissner, Peter E, primary, Mandi, Germain, additional, Coulibaly, Boubacar, additional, Witte, Steffen, additional, Tapsoba, Théophile, additional, Mansmann, Ulrich, additional, Rengelshausen, Jens, additional, Schiek, Wolfgang, additional, Jahn, Albrecht, additional, Walter-Sack, Ingeborg, additional, Mikus, Gerd, additional, Burhenne, Jürgen, additional, Riedel, Klaus-Dieter, additional, Schirmer, R Heiner, additional, Kouyaté, Bocar, additional, and Müller, Olaf, additional

Published
2006
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