1,359 results on '"J. Rousseau"'
Search Results
152. [Spondyloarthropathy: MR imaging features]
- Author
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A, Feydy, L, Gossec, R, Bazeli, F, Thévenin, E, Pluot, J, Rousseau, G, Lenczner, R, Campagna, H, Guerini, A, Chevrot, M, Dougados, and J-L, Drapé
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Sacrum ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Adolescent ,Sacroiliac Joint ,Middle Aged ,Image Enhancement ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Young Adult ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Female ,Spondylitis, Ankylosing - Abstract
The new diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis include MRI. MRI frequently allows early diagnosis of inflammatory lesions in patients with normal plain films. In addition, MRI is useful for the detection and quantification of inflammatory and structural lesions, and to assess disease activity.
- Published
- 2010
153. Action of some growth substances, added, either of urane nitrate, or of manganese sulfate, on the germination and the productivity of Pisum sativum
- Author
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P, BECQUEREL and J, ROUSSEAU
- Subjects
Fabaceae - Published
- 2010
154. Action of some growth substances on the germination and productivity of the seeds of pisum sativum
- Author
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P, BECQUEREL and J, ROUSSEAU
- Subjects
Seeds ,Germination ,Physiological Phenomena - Published
- 2010
155. [MR Imaging of the spine and sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis]
- Author
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A, Feydy, L, Gossec, R, Bazeli, E, Pluot, J, Rousseau, R, Campagna, H, Guerini, M, Dougados, and J-L, Drapé
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Discitis ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Sacroiliac Joint ,Middle Aged ,Image Enhancement ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Disease Progression ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Female ,Spondylitis, Ankylosing - Abstract
The new diagnostic criteria for spondyloarthropathy include MRI. MRI frequently allows early diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the spine and sacroiliac joints in patients with normal plain films. Moreover, MRI is useful for the detection and quantification of inflammatory and structural lesions, and to assess disease activity.
- Published
- 2010
156. [US evaluation of the hands and feet in rheumatoid arthritis]
- Author
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H, Guerini, X, Ayral, R, Campagna, A, Feydy, E, Pluot, J, Rousseau, L, Gossec, A, Chevrot, M, Dougados, and J-L, Drapé
- Subjects
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Synovitis ,Hand Joints ,Foot Joints ,Synovial Membrane ,Transducers ,Humans ,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ,Sensitivity and Specificity - Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive damage of synovial-lined joints and variable extra-articular manifestations. Synovitis is usually found in the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. For these reasons, we believe that ultrasound with power doppler can be used for the detection and monitoring of synovitis with a simplified "hands and feet" protocol. In this article, we will describe this protocol used daily in our institution for early diagnosis and therapeutic management of this disease.
- Published
- 2010
157. Using a Co-Design Methodology for Research on Environmental Gerontology
- Author
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E, Morales, primary, J, Rousseau, additional, and R, Passini, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
158. Detection and characterization of Clostridium difficile in retail chicken
- Author
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Richard J. Reid-Smith, Brent P. Avery, J.S. Weese, and J. Rousseau
- Subjects
Ontario ,animal structures ,Meat ,biology ,business.industry ,Clostridioides difficile ,Food Contamination ,Clostridium difficile ,biology.organism_classification ,Food safety ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Enrichment culture ,Ribotyping ,Diarrhea ,medicine ,Food Microbiology ,Food microbiology ,Animals ,Clostridiaceae ,Food science ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Chickens ,Food contaminant - Abstract
Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium difficile contamination of retail chicken. Methods and Results: Chicken legs, thighs and wings were purchased using a standardized method from retail outlets across Ontario, Canada. Selective culture was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of C. difficile. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 26/203 (12·8%) chicken samples; 10/111 (9·0%) thighs, 13/72 (18%) wings and 3/20 (15%) legs (P = 0·19). All isolates were ribotype 078, a strain that has been associated with food animals and potentially community-associated disease in humans. All positive samples were positive only on enrichment culture. Conclusions: Clostridium difficile could be found relatively commonly in retail chicken meat, albeit at low levels. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study to report C. difficile in chicken meat. Contamination of meat with C. difficile strains implicated in human infections raises concerns about food as a source of C. difficile infection. The relevance of food contamination is completely unclear at this point but food should be investigated as a source of infection.
- Published
- 2010
159. The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration
- Author
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The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Pedrosa, F.B.S. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Guimarães da Costa, J.B. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ami, S.B. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Kuutmann, E.B. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernabéu, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Garrido, M.D.M.C. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Montoya, G.D.C. Montero, S.C. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Gimenez, V.C. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Conidi, M.C. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Corso-Radu, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, A. Cortiana, G. Costa, G. Costa, M.J. Costanzo, D. Costin, T. Côté, D. Torres, R.C. Courneyea, L. Cowan, G. Cowden, C. Cox, B.E. Cranmer, K. Cranshaw, J. Cristinziani, M. Crosetti, G. Crupi, R. Crépé-Renaudin, S. Almenar, C.C. Donszelmann, T.C. Curatolo, M. Curtis, C.J. Cwetanski, P. Czyczula, Z. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. D'Orazio, A. Da Via, C. Dabrowski, W. Dai, T. Dallapiccola, C. Dallison, S.J. Daly, C.H. Dam, M. Danielsson, H.O. Dannheim, D. Dao, V. Darbo, G. Darlea, G.L. Davey, W. Davidek, T. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davies, M. Davison, A.R. Dawson, I. Daya, R.K. De, K. de Asmundis, R. De Castro, S. De Faria Salgado, P.E.C. De Cecco, S. de Graat, J. De Groot, N. de Jong, P. De Mora, L. De Branco, M.O. De Pedis, D. De Salvo, A. De Sanctis, U. De Santo, A. De Vivie De Regie, J.B. Dean, S. Dedovich, D.V. Degenhardt, J. Dehchar, M. Del Papa, C. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Dell'Acqua, A. Dell'Asta, L. Della Pietra, M. della Volpe, D. Delmastro, M. Delsart, P.A. Deluca, C. Demers, S. Demichev, M. Demirkoz, B. Deng, J. Deng, W. Denisov, S.P. Derkaoui, J.E. Derue, F. Dervan, P. Desch, K. Deviveiros, P.O. Dewhurst, A. DeWilde, B. Dhaliwal, S. Dhullipudi, R. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Girolamo, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Luise, S. Di Mattia, A. Di Nardo, R. Di Simone, A. Di Sipio, R. Diaz, M.A. Diblen, F. Diehl, E.B. Dietrich, J. Dietzsch, T.A. Diglio, S. Yagci, K.D. Dingfelder, J. Dionisi, C. Dita, P. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djilkibaev, R. Djobava, T. do Vale, M.A.B. Do Wemans, A.V. Doan, T.K.O. Dobos, D. Dobson, E. Dobson, M. Doglioni, C. Doherty, T. Dolejsi, J. Dolenc, I. Dolezal, Z. Dolgoshein, B.A. Dohmae, T. Donega, M. Donini, J. Dopke, J. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, A. Dotti, A. Dova, M.T. Doxiadis, A. Doyle, A.T. Drasal, Z. Dris, M. Dubbert, J. Duchovni, E. Duckeck, G. Dudarev, A. Dudziak, F. Dührssen, M. Duflot, L. Dufour, M.-A. Dunford, M. Yildiz, H.D. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Düren, M. Ebenstein, W.L. Ebke, J. Eckweiler, S. Edmonds, K. Edwards, C.A. Egorov, K. Ehrenfeld, W. Ehrich, T. Eifert, T. Eigen, G. Einsweiler, K. Eisenhandler, E. Ekelof, T. El Kacimi, M. Ellert, M. Elles, S. Ellinghaus, F. Ellis, K. Ellis, N. Elmsheuser, J. Elsing, M. Emeliyanov, D. Engelmann, R. Engl, A. Epp, B. Eppig, A. Erdmann, J. Ereditato, A. Eriksson, D. Ermoline, I. Ernst, J. Ernst, M. Ernwein, J. Errede, D. Errede, S. Ertel, E. Escalier, M. Escobar, C. Curull, X.E. Esposito, B. Etienvre, A.I. Etzion, E. Evans, H. Fabbri, L. Fabre, C. Facius, K. Fakhrutdinov, R.M. Falciano, S. Fang, Y. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farilla, A. Farley, J. Farooque, T. Farrington, S.M. Farthouat, P. Fassnacht, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fatholahzadeh, B. Fayard, L. Fayette, F. Febbraro, R. Federic, P. Fedin, O.L. Fedorko, W. Feligioni, L. Felzmann, C.U. Feng, C. Feng, E.J. Fenyuk, A.B. Ferencei, J. Ferland, J. Fernandes, B. Fernando, W. Ferrag, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrara, V. Ferrari, A. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, A. Ferrer, M.L. Ferrere, D. Ferretti, C. Fiascaris, M. Fiedler, F. Filipčič, A. Filippas, A. Filthaut, F. Fincke-Keeler, M. Fiolhais, M.C.N. Fiorini, L. Firan, A. Fischer, G. Fisher, M.J. Flechl, M. Fleck, I. Fleckner, J. Fleischmann, P. Fleischmann, S. Flick, T. Castillo, L.R.F. Flowerdew, M.J. Martin, T.F. Formica, A. Forti, A. Fortin, D. Fournier, D. Fowler, A.J. Fowler, K. Fox, H. Francavilla, P. Franchino, S. Francis, D. Franklin, M. Franz, S. Fraternali, M. Fratina, S. Freestone, J. French, S.T. Froeschl, R. Froidevaux, D. Frost, J.A. Fukunaga, C. Torregrosa, E.F. Fuster, J. Gabaldon, C. Gabizon, O. Gadfort, T. Gadomski, S. Gagliardi, G. Gagnon, P. Galea, C. Gallas, E.J. Gallo, V. Gallop, B.J. Gallus, P. Galyaev, E. Gan, K.K. Gao, Y.S. Gaponenko, A. Garcia-Sciveres, M. García, C. Navarro, J.E.G. Gardner, R.W. Garelli, N. Garitaonandia, H. Garonne, V. Gatti, C. Gaudio, G. Gautard, V. Gauzzi, P. Gavrilenko, I.L. Gay, C. Gaycken, G. Gazis, E.N. Ge, P. Gee, C.N.P. Geich-Gimbel, C. Gellerstedt, K. Gemme, C. Genest, M.H. Gentile, S. Georgatos, F. George, S. Gershon, A. Ghazlane, H. Ghodbane, N. Giacobbe, B. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giangiobbe, V. Gianotti, F. Gibbard, B. Gibson, A. Gibson, S.M. Gilbert, L.M. Gilchriese, M. Gilewsky, V. Gingrich, D.M. Ginzburg, J. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M.P. Giordano, R. Giorgi, F.M. Giovannini, P. Giraud, P.F. Girtler, P. Giugni, D. Giusti, P. Gjelsten, B.K. Gladilin, L.K. Glasman, C. Glazov, A. Glitza, K.W. Glonti, G.L. Godfrey, J. Godlewski, J. Goebel, M. Göpfert, T. Goeringer, C. Gössling, C. Göttfert, T. Goggi, V. Goldfarb, S. Goldin, D. Golling, T. Gomes, A. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonçalo, R. Gonella, L. Gong, C. González de la Hoz, S. Silva, M.L.G. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodson, J.J. Goossens, L. Gordon, H.A. Gorelov, I. Gorfine, G. Gorini, B. Gorini, E. Gorišek, A. Gornicki, E. Gosdzik, B. Gosselink, M. Gostkin, M.I. Eschrich, I.G. Gouighri, M. Goujdami, D. Goulette, M.P. Goussiou, A.G. Goy, C. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grafström, P. Grahn, K.-J. Grancagnolo, S. Grassi, V. Gratchev, V. Grau, N. Gray, H.M. Gray, J.A. Graziani, E. Green, B. Greenshaw, T. Greenwood, Z.D. Gregor, I.M. Grenier, P. Griesmayer, E. Griffiths, J. Grigalashvili, N. Grillo, A.A. Grimm, K. Grinstein, S. Grishkevich, Y.V. Groh, M. Groll, M. Gross, E. Grosse-Knetter, J. Groth-Jensen, J. Grybel, K. Guicheney, C. Guida, A. Guillemin, T. Guler, H. Gunther, J. Guo, B. Gusakov, Y. Gutierrez, A. Gutierrez, P. Guttman, N. Gutzwiller, O. Guyot, C. Gwenlan, C. Gwilliam, C.B. Haas, A. Haas, S. Haber, C. Hadavand, H.K. Hadley, D.R. Haefner, P. Hajduk, Z. Hakobyan, H. Haller, J. Hamacher, K. Hamilton, A. Hamilton, S. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hance, M. Handel, C. Hanke, P. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, J.B. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, P.H. Hansl-Kozanecka, T. Hansson, P. Hara, K. Hare, G.A. Harenberg, T. Harrington, R.D. Harris, O.M. Harrison, K. Hartert, J. Hartjes, F. Harvey, A. Hasegawa, S. Hasegawa, Y. Hassani, S. Haug, S. Hauschild, M. Hauser, R. Havranek, M. Hawkes, C.M. Hawkings, R.J. Hayakawa, T. Hayward, H.S. Haywood, S.J. Head, S.J. Hedberg, V. Heelan, L. Heim, S. Heinemann, B. Heisterkamp, S. Helary, L. Heller, M. Hellman, S. Helsens, C. Hemperek, T. Henderson, R.C.W. Henke, M. Henrichs, A. Correia, A.M.H. Henrot-Versille, S. Hensel, C. Henß, T. Jiménez, Y.H. Hershenhorn, A.D. Herten, G. Hertenberger, R. Hervas, L. Hessey, N.P. Higón-Rodriguez, E. Hill, J.C. Hiller, K.H. Hillert, S. Hillier, S.J. Hinchliffe, I. Hines, E. Hirose, M. Hirsch, F. Hirschbuehl, D. Hobbs, J. Hod, N. Hodgkinson, M.C. Hodgson, P. Hoecker, A. Hoeferkamp, M.R. Hoffman, J. Hoffmann, D. Hohlfeld, M. Holy, T. Holzbauer, J.L. Homma, Y. Horazdovsky, T. Hori, T. Horn, C. Horner, S. Horvat, S. Hostachy, J.-Y. Hou, S. Hoummada, A. Howe, T. Hrivnac, J. Hryn'ova, T. Hsu, P.J. Hsu, S.-C. Huang, G.S. Hubacek, Z. Hubaut, F. Huegging, F. Huffman, T.B. Hughes, E.W. Hughes, G. Hurwitz, M. Husemann, U. Huseynov, N. Huston, J. Huth, J. Iacobucci, G. Iakovidis, G. Ibragimov, I. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Idarraga, J. Iengo, P. Igonkina, O. Ikegami, Y. Ikeno, M. Ilchenko, Y. Iliadis, D. Ince, T. Ioannou, P. Iodice, M. Quiles, A.I. Ishikawa, A. Ishino, M. Ishmukhametov, R. Isobe, T. Issever, C. Istin, S. Itoh, Y. Ivashin, A.V. Iwanski, W. Iwasaki, H. Izen, J.M. Izzo, V. Jackson, B. Jackson, J.N. Jackson, P. Jaekel, M.R. Jain, V. Jakobs, K. Jakobsen, S. Jakubek, J. Jana, D.K. Jankowski, E. Jansen, E. Jantsch, A. Janus, M. Jarlskog, G. Jeanty, L. Plante, I.J.-L. Jenni, P. Jez, P. Jézéquel, S. Ji, W. Jia, J. Jiang, Y. Belenguer, M.J. Jin, S. Jinnouchi, O. Joffe, D. Johansen, M. Johansson, K.E. Johansson, P. Johnert, S. Johns, K.A. Jon-And, K. Jones, G. Jones, R.W.L. Jones, T.J. Jorge, P.M. Joseph, J. Juranek, V. Jussel, P. Kabachenko, V.V. Kaci, M. Kaczmarska, A. Kado, M. Kagan, H. Kagan, M. Kaiser, S. Kajomovitz, E. Kalinin, S. Kalinovskaya, L.V. Kama, S. Kanaya, N. Kaneda, M. Kantserov, V.A. Kanzaki, J. Kaplan, B. Kapliy, A. Kaplon, J. Kar, D. Karagounis, M. Unel, M.K. Karnevskiy, M. Kartvelishvili, V. Karyukhin, A.N. Kashif, L. Kasmi, A. Kass, R.D. Kastanas, A. Kastoryano, M. Kataoka, M. Kataoka, Y. 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Takeshita, T. Talby, M. Talyshev, A. Tamsett, M.C. Tanaka, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, S. Tapprogge, S. Tardif, D. Tarem, S. Tarrade, F. Tartarelli, G.F. Tas, P. Tasevsky, M. Tassi, E. Tatarkhanov, M. Taylor, C. Taylor, F.E. Taylor, G.N. Taylor, R.P. Taylor, W. Teixeira-Dias, P. Kate, H.T. Teng, P.K. Tennenbaum-Katan, Y.D. Terada, S. Terashi, K. Terron, J. Terwort, M. Testa, M. Teuscher, R.J. Therhaag, J. Thioye, M. Thoma, S. Thomas, J.P. Thompson, E.N. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, R.J. Thompson, A.S. Thomson, E. Thun, R.P. Tic, T. Tikhomirov, V.O. Tikhonov, Y.A. Tipton, P. Aires Viegas, F.J.T. Tisserant, S. Toczek, B. Todorov, T. Todorova-Nova, S. Toggerson, B. Tojo, J. Tokár, S. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, K. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Tomoto, M. Tompkins, L. Toms, K. Tonoyan, A. Topfel, C. Topilin, N.D. Torchiani, I. Torrence, E. Pastor, E.T. Toth, J. Touchard, F. Tovey, D.R. Trefzger, T. Tremblet, L. Tricoli, A. Trigger, I.M. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Trinh, T.N. Tripiana, M.F. Triplett, N. Trischuk, W. Trivedi, A. Trocmé, B. Troncon, C. Trzupek, A. Tsarouchas, C. Tseng, J.C.-L. Tsiakiris, M. Tsiareshka, P.V. Tsionou, D. Tsipolitis, G. Tsiskaridze, V. Tskhadadze, E.G. Tsukerman, I.I. Tsulaia, V. Tsung, J.-W. Tsuno, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuggle, J.M. Turecek, D. Cakir, I.T. Turlay, E. Tuts, P.M. Twomey, M.S. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, M. Uchida, K. Ueda, I. Ueno, R. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, M. Ukegawa, F. Unal, G. Undrus, A. Unel, G. Unno, Y. Urbaniec, D. Urkovsky, E. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, P. Usai, G. Uslenghi, M. Vacavant, L. Vacek, V. Vachon, B. Vahsen, S. Valente, P. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, S. Gallego, E.V. Vallecorsa, S. Ferrer, J.A.V. van Berg, R. van der Graaf, H. van der Kraaij, E. van der Poel, E. van der Ster, D. van Eldik, N. van Gemmeren, P. van Kesteren, Z. van Vulpen, I. Vandelli, W. Vaniachine, A. Vankov, P. Vannucci, F. Vari, R. Varnes, E.W. Varouchas, D. Vartapetian, A. Varvell, K.E. Vasilyeva, L. Vassilakopoulos, V.I. Vazeille, F. 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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7. 6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22. 1±0. 9 μm and a relative momentum resolution σp/p=(4. 83±0. 16)×10-4 GeV-1×pT have been measured for high momentum tracks. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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- 2010
160. YIG Thin Film Used to Miniaturize a Coplanar Junction Circulator
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J. J. Rousseau, D. Givord, B. Sauviac, O. Zahwe, M. F. Blanc Mignon, B. Abdel Samad, J. P. Chatelon, M. Le Berre, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de physique de la matière (LPM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Micro et NanoMagnétisme (MNM), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
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Materials science ,Circulator ,Yttrium iron garnet ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,RX ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Miniaturization ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,RF passive components ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Sputter deposition ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Electronic component ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Optoelectronics ,Ferrite (magnet) ,Microwave range ,business - Abstract
International audience; The preparation of Yttrium Iron Garnet films (YIG) presenting controlled magnetic properties is of great interest for miniaturization of RF passive components. The present work deals with the integration of YIG ferrite sputtered films for coplanar circulators. These components must work at frequencies above 10GHz, and they must be compatible with mass-production and low-cost process. The YIG films (of thickness 15 μm) are deposited on an alumina substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. Their structural mechanical and magnetic properties in the millimetre wave range are optimised to enable the film's integration. A circulator is fabricated using such prepared film, and its properties in the microwave range are characterised using a network analyzer and a probing system.
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- 2010
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161. Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
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The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Axen, D. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.B. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Baranov, S. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Becerici, N. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ben Ami, S. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benincasa, G.P. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Bergeaas Kuutmann, E. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Binet, S. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandenburg, G.W. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Capeans Garrido, M.D.M. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Carrillo Montoya, G.D. Carron Montero, S. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Castillo Gimenez, V. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiarella, V. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. 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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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- 2010
162. The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
- Author
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The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. 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Todorov, T. Todorova-Nova, S. Toggerson, B. Tojo, J. Tokár, S. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, K. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Tomoto, M. Tompkins, L. Toms, K. Tonoyan, A. Topfel, C. Topilin, N.D. Torrence, E. Pastor, E.T. Toth, J. Touchard, F. Tovey, D.R. Trefzger, T. Tremblet, L. Tricoli, A. Trigger, I.M. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Trinh, T.N. Tripiana, M.F. Triplett, N. Trischuk, W. Trivedi, A. Trocmé, B. Troncon, C. Trzupek, A. Tsarouchas, C. Tseng, J.C.-L. Tsiakiris, M. Tsiareshka, P.V. Tsionou, D. Tsipolitis, G. Tsiskaridze, V. Tskhadadze, E.G. Tsukerman, I.I. Tsulaia, V. Tsung, J.-W. Tsuno, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuggle, J.M. Turecek, D. Cakir, I.T. Turlay, E. Tuts, P.M. Twomey, M.S. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, M. Uchida, K. Ueda, I. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, M. Ukegawa, F. Unal, G. Undrus, A. Unel, G. Unno, Y. Urbaniec, D. Urkovsky, E. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, P. Usai, G. Uslenghi, M. Vacavant, L. Vacek, V. Vachon, B. Vahsen, S. Valente, P. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, S. Valladolid Gallego, E. Vallecorsa, S. Ferrer, J.A.V. Van Berg, R. van der Graaf, H. van der Kraaij, E. van der Poel, E. van der Ster, D. van Eldik, N. van Gemmeren, P. van Kesteren, Z. van Vulpen, I. Vandelli, W. Vaniachine, A. Vankov, P. Vannucci, F. Vari, R. Varnes, E.W. Varouchas, D. Vartapetian, A. Varvell, K.E. Vasilyeva, L. Vassilakopoulos, V.I. Vazeille, F. Vellidis, C. Veloso, F. Veneziano, S. Ventura, A. Ventura, D. Venturi, M. Venturi, N. Vercesi, V. Verducci, M. Verkerke, W. Vermeulen, J.C. Vetterli, M.C. Vichou, I. Vickey, T. Viehhauser, G.H.A. Villa, M. Villani, E.G. Perez, M.V. Vilucchi, E. Vincter, M.G. Vinek, E. Vinogradov, V.B. Viret, S. Virzi, J. Vitale, A. Vitells, O. Vivarelli, I. Vaque, F.V. Vlachos, S. Vlasak, M. Vlasov, N. Vogel, A. Vokac, P. Volpi, M. von der Schmitt, H. von Loeben, J. von Radziewski, H. von Toerne, E. Vorobel, V. Vorwerk, V. Vos, M. Voss, R. Voss, T.T. Vossebeld, J.H. Vranjes, N. Milosavljevic, M.V. Vrba, V. Vreeswijk, M. Anh, T.V. Vudragovic, D. Vuillermet, R. Vukotic, I. Wagner, P. Walbersloh, J. Walder, J. Walker, R. Walkowiak, W. Wall, R. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, S.M. Warburton, A. Ward, C.P. Warsinsky, M. Wastie, R. Watkins, P.M. Watson, A.T. Watson, M.F. Watts, G. Watts, S. Waugh, A.T. Waugh, B.M. Weber, M.D. Weber, M. Weber, M.S. Weber, P. Weidberg, A.R. Weingarten, J. Weiser, C. Wellenstein, H. Wells, P.S. Wen, M. Wenaus, T. Wendler, S. Wengler, T. Wenig, S. Wermes, N. Werner, M. Werner, P. Werth, M. Werthenbach, U. Wessels, M. Whalen, K. White, A. White, M.J. White, S. Whitehead, S.R. Whiteson, D. Whittington, D. Wicek, F. Wicke, D. Wickens, F.J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Wienemann, P. Wiglesworth, C. Wiik, L.A.M. Wildauer, A. Wildt, M.A. Wilkens, H.G. Williams, E. Williams, H.H. Willocq, S. Wilson, J.A. Wilson, M.G. Wilson, A. Wingerter-Seez, I. Winklmeier, F. Wittgen, M. Wolter, M.W. Wolters, H. Wosiek, B.K. Wotschack, J. Woudstra, M.J. Wraight, K. Wright, C. Wright, D. Wrona, B. Wu, S.L. Wu, X. Wulf, E. Wynne, B.M. Xaplanteris, L. Xella, S. Xie, S. Xu, D. Xu, N. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamura, T. Yamaoka, J. Yamazaki, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yan, Z. Yang, H. Yang, U.K. Yang, Z. Yao, W.-M. Yao, Y. Yasu, Y. Ye, J. Ye, S. Yilmaz, M. Yoosoofmiya, R. Yorita, K. Yoshida, R. Young, C. Youssef, S.P. Yu, D. Yu, J. Yuan, L. Yurkewicz, A. Zaidan, R. Zaitsev, A.M. Zajacova, Z. Zambrano, V. Zanello, L. Zaytsev, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zeller, M. Zemla, A. Zendler, C. Zenin, O. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zenz, S. Zerwas, D. della Porta, G.Z. Zhan, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhemchugov, A. Zhong, J. Zhou, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhu, C.G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, X. Zhuravlov, V. Zimmermann, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, S. Ziolkowski, M. Živković, L. Zobernig, G. Zoccoli, A. zur Nedden, M. Zutshi, V.
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment - Abstract
The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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- 2010
163. Non-archimedean infinitesimals, transcendentals and categorical inputs in linear programming and data envelopment analysis
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Abraham Charnes, John H. Semple, and John J. Rousseau
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Mathematical optimization ,Simplex algorithm ,Linear programming ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Infinitesimal ,Data envelopment analysis ,Base field ,Extreme point ,Categorical variable ,Computer Science Applications ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Mathematics ,Transcendentals - Abstract
Two problems in linear programming associated with data envelopment analysis (DEA) namely, employing non-archimedean infinitesimals, transcendemals (‘big Ms’) and categorical variables (in a new non-archimedean formulation) are addressed. A new more sophisticated pricing procedure as part of an adjacent extreme point algorithm solves these efficiently in the base field. Employing this in Charnes's non-archimedean simplex algorithm led to a ninefold increase in computational speed on large DEA problems with about 1000 decision-making units. Additionally, computational failures due to cycling and/or conditioning instabilities were eliminated.
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- 1992
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164. Diffuse LEED theory from surfaces partially covered with molecules. II. Application to the case of the adsorption of CO on Pt(111)
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J C Le Bosse, I. Zasada, J Lopez, and J Rousseau
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Bond length ,Adsorption ,Chemisorption ,Chemistry ,Pair correlation ,Lattice (order) ,Mineralogy ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Structure factor ,Molecular physics ,Single crystal - Abstract
For pt.I see ibid., vol.4, p.1671, 1992. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relative influence of geometrical and order parameters on diffuse LEED intensities. In most diffuse LEED studies relative to molecules adsorbed at single crystal surfaces, there are probably several chemisorption sites or several adsorbed species. For this reason, this situation is examined in detail here. The elastic diffuser LEED intensity from a single crystal surface Pt (111) partially covered with CO molecules is calculated for different values of the parameters which characterize the adsorbate/substrate model. These parameters are separated into: geometrical parameters related to the local arrangement of atoms near chemisorption sites, and order parameters related to the statistical distribution of the occupied chemisorption sites. In the present case, the geometrical parameters are the C-Pt and the C-O bond lengths and the location in the 2D unit cell of the surface lattice (bridge and top sites). The order parameters are the site occupancy pair correlation functions or the quantities which determine them: surface coverage, surface temperature, pair interaction potential between adsorbates, etc. Even in the case of a short-range order, the sensitivities of diffuse intensities to both kinds of parameters are found very similar. On the other hand, in the situation where several kinds of chemisorption sites exist, the diffuse LEED intensity is not the product of a form factor and a structure factor. So the use of the Y function method, which avoids the structure factor determination, is not possible. Thus, a determination of the statistical distribution of adsorbates at the substrate surface cannot be circumvented.
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- 1992
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165. Diffuse LEED theory from surfaces partially covered with molecules. I. Calculation of the transition matrix of a molecule
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J C Le Bosse, J Lopez, I. Zasada, and J Rousseau
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Surface (mathematics) ,business.industry ,Scattering ,Chemistry ,Stochastic matrix ,Electron ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Molecular physics ,Overlayer ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Optics ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,business ,Translational symmetry ,Single crystal - Abstract
Diffuse backscattering of electrons at a single crystal surface is often due to the adsorption of atoms or molecules whose presence breaks the translational symmetry of the substrate surface. Two different approaches to the diffuse LEED problem have been given. The first, due to Saldin and Pendry, considers only a single molecule adsorbed at the surface. The second, due to the present authors, considers a partially ordered overlayer of molecules and takes up the aspect of the diffuse LEED problem. The first aim of this paper is to compare both approaches. In the case of adsorbates randomly and sparsely distributed at the surface, the authors show that they are equivalent. However, each of them uses a different concept for the renormalized t-matrix of the adsorbate. The second aim of this paper is to provide a theory of multiple scattering of electrons from a molecule, from which the authors can derive a suitable expression for the t-matrix that one can readily use in the diffuse LEED theory. Application to the simple case of the CO molecule is examined here.
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- 1992
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166. Enjeux esthético-idéologiques du stéréotype dans les derniers romans de Mongo Beti
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Tandia Mouafou, J.-J. Rousseau
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sociopoétique ,stéréotype ,littérature francophone ,post-colonialisme ,sociocritique - Abstract
Cette réflexion se propose d’actualiser le concept de stéréotype, habituellement réservé aux sciences sociales, dans l’exploration du texte littéraire. Nous observons ainsi que l’idée de fixité au cœur de la problématique du stéréotype est un concept opératoire qui permet de lire autrement le récit sur le triple plan linguistique, thématico-narratif et idéologique. Les valeurs textuelles que ce concept permet de mettre en évidence portent à croire que notre corpus apparaît, dans une perspective sociocritique, comme une métaphore des sociétés africaines post-coloniales.
- Published
- 2009
167. Identification of Oxalobacter formigenes in the faeces of healthy cats
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H.E. Weese, J. S. Weese, and J. Rousseau
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DNA, Bacterial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oxalobacter formigenes ,Calcium oxalate ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Oxalate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Feces ,Internal medicine ,Carnivora ,medicine ,Animals ,CATS ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathophysiology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Genes, Bacterial ,Cats - Abstract
Aims: Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading intestinal bacterium that has been found in humans, cattle, sheep, rats and dogs. Its presence in the intestinal tract may be a protective factor against calcium oxalate urolithiasis because of its ability to degrade oxalate. The objective of this study was to determine whether O. formigenes could be detected in the faeces of healthy cats. Methods and Results: A convenience sample of 28 cats was enrolled. Faecal samples were tested for oxc, a gene specific for O. formigenes, by real-time PCR. This gene was detected in 5/28 (18%) cats; however, the prevalence increased to 86% (24/28) with a modification of the methodology. Conclusions: Demonstrating the presence of O. formigenes in the faeces of healthy cats for the first time in this study. Significance and Impact of the Study: Future investigation of the role of this organism in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats is indicated.
- Published
- 2009
168. Computations of Refractory Lining Structures under Thermal Loadings
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J. Poirier, A. Gasser, P. Boisse, V. Gabis, and J. Rousseau
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- 2009
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169. Rainscreen Computer Program
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RL Quirouette and J Rousseau
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Engineering ,Computer program ,business.industry ,Rainscreen ,Electrical engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,business ,Air barrier - Published
- 2009
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170. A Review of Pressure Equalization and Compartmentalization Studies of Exterior Walls for Rain Penetration Control
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RL Quirouette and J Rousseau
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Chemistry ,Rainscreen ,Geotechnical engineering ,Penetration (firestop) ,Compartmentalization (fire protection) ,Air barrier - Published
- 2009
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171. Surface extended energy-loss fine structure spectroscopy: extraction of structural information from spectra recorded in the second derivative mode of the electron yield
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J Lopez, M Rjeb, J Rousseau, and J C Le Bosse
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business.industry ,Chemistry ,Shell (structure) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Radial distribution function ,Spectral line ,Computational physics ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Optics ,Model spectrum ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Spectroscopy ,Second derivative - Abstract
The authors reinvestigate the relation between the Fourier transform of SEELFS (surface extended energy-loss fine structure spectroscopy) data recorded in the second derivative mode of the electron yield, and the radial distribution function F(R) of atoms around the emitter. This relation is not obvious since the Fourier transform is done over wavevector modulus and the derivation is done with respect to energy. They show that, providing a k3 weighting factor is introduced, an EXAFS-like (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis leads to R2F(R) with a good accuracy. This gives an a posteriori justification of the treatment currently used in the literature. The reasoning is easily extended to the case of data recorded in the first derivative mode, for which RF(R) is obtained with a k2 weighting factor. It is also shown that the R2 (respectively R) (respectively R) factor must be eliminated to obtain shell positions with good accuracy, which is generally not achieved in previous work. All these conclusions are supported by a numerical analysis performed in the case of a model spectrum associated with the Ni(111)M23 loss spectra.
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- 1991
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172. An easy-to-use phantom and protocol for weekly PET quality assessment: a multicenter study
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M, Vermandel, L, Fin, S, Hapdey, A, Bol, N, Betrouni, J, Daouk, I, Gardi, J, Lee, R, Jounwaz, J, Rousseau, D, Huglo, Therapies Interventionnelles Assistees Par l'Image et la Simulation - U 703 (Thiais), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, and Breton, Céline
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MESH: Phantoms, Imaging ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Phantoms, Imaging ,MESH: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography ,MESH: Radiopharmaceuticals - Abstract
International audience; The authors have developed a simple phantom and dedicated software for the quality assessment of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. The phantom is a parallelepiped box filled with a relatively low activity 18FDG solution and in which simple test objects are placed. Various image quality parameters are checked, including signal-to-noise ratio, image uniformity, slice thickness, slice sensitivity profile, spatial resolution, and dose calibration accuracy. Automatic image analysis consists in detecting surfaces and objects, defining regions of interest, acquiring reference point coordinates, and establishing gray-scale profiles. The total time needed for quality assessment (preparation and image acquisition) is less than 15 min with 37 MBq (1 mCi) 18FDG. The system's ease of use encourages frequent image quality assessment-for example, the comparison of PET scanners in interdepartment studies and the monitoring and evaluation of possible drifts over time. By way of an example, the authors present weekly quality assessment results obtained over up to 7 months at four PET facilities.
- Published
- 2008
173. Catalytic dehydration of 2-propanol on (WO3)3 clusters on TiO2(110)
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Bruce D. Kay, Yu Kwon Kim, Roger J. Rousseau, Zdenek Dohnálek, and J. M. White
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Exothermic reaction ,Inorganic chemistry ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Propanol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,chemistry ,medicine ,Mixed oxide ,Dehydration - Abstract
Our study of a (WO3)3/TiO2(110) model mixed oxide catalyst shows that this system is an extremely efficient for dehydration of alcohols, effectively lowering the energy barrier as much as possible for an endothermic reaction without yielding a significant concentration of other side products.
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- 2008
174. [Interventional MR imaging: state of the art and technological advances]
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R, Viard and J, Rousseau
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Surgery, Computer-Assisted ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medical Laboratory Science ,Humans ,Robotics ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional - Abstract
Due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and lack of ionizing radiation, MR imaging is well suited for interventional procedures. MRI is being increasingly used for guidance during percutaneous procedures or surgery. Technical advances in interventional MR imaging are reviewed in this paper. Ergonomical factors with improved access to patients as well as advances in informatics, electronics and robotics largely explain this increasing role. Different elements are discussed from improved access to patients in the scanners to improved acquisition pulse sequences. Selected clinical applications and recent publications will be presented to illustrate the current status of this technique.
- Published
- 2008
175. Heavy-atom enhanced synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy of brain tumors: from DNA to preclinical studies
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L. Bobyk, J. Rousseau, Hélène Elleaume, and Jean-Luc Ravanat
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Cisplatin ,Oncology ,Chemotherapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Carboplatin ,Oxaliplatin ,Radiation therapy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,In vivo ,Concomitant ,Internal medicine ,Glioma ,medicine ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Waste Management and Disposal ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors in adults. Despite multimodality treatment strategies that combine surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, high grade gliomas are almost uniformly fatal. Heavy-atom-enhanced synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSR) is a novel therapeutic modality proposed to increase the toxicity to the tumor while protecting the surrounding healthy tissue. It consists in selective accumulation of high-Z elements in tumor followed by stereotactic irradiation, in tomography mode, with monochromatic X-rays from a synchrotron source, tuned at an optimal energy. Two complimentary SSR approaches have been successfully developed in the past 5 years, and may be promising in high-grade glioma management: iodine-enhanced SSR , with an iodinated contrast agent; and Pt-enhanced SSR , , a concomitant radio-chemotherapy treatment with locoregional injection of platinated chemotherapy drugs. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, either with iodine or platinum. In vivo experiments are performed on F98 glioma-bearing rats. The F98 glioma model simulates several characteristics of human glioblastoma including lethality following treatment with a variety of therapeutic modalities. Recently, we have shown that a significant increase in survival time is obtained when the platinated drug (cisplatin or carboplatin) is infused intratumoraly followed by X-rays irradiation. Furthermore, a significant percent of animals are cured. To optimise the treatment, work is in progress in order to determine and increase the incorporation of heavy-atoms in tumoral cells and also to improve the intracerebral drug distribution by developing new injection methods and using different chemotherapeutic drugs including oxaliplatin, chlorotertpyridineplatinum and 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. In addition, efforts will be made to have a better understanding of the biological consequences at the molecular and cellular level of the SSR treatment. 1 - Adam JF et al, International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2006; 64:603-611. 2 Biston MC et al, Cancer Research 2004; 64:2317-2323. 3 Rousseau J et al, Clinical Cancer Research 2007;13:5195-5201.
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- 2008
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176. Statistical aspects of the diffuse LEED problem
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L Wojtczak, I. Zasada, J C Le Bosse, J Lopez, and J Rousseau
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Chemistry ,Sesquilinear form ,Binary number ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Molecular physics ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Crystallography ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Electron diffraction ,Chemisorption ,Lattice (order) ,Atom ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Single crystal - Abstract
Diffuse low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensities can be observed in all situations where the surface cannot be represented by a perfect biperiodic array of atoms or molecules. For instance, this occurs when binding sites are either occupied or not by adatoms, when several atoms or molecules are co-adsorbed, when one absorbed species can be located at several possible binding sites, etc. So far, the statistical aspects of this problem have been disregarded. In fact, under certain circumstances, it is possible to extract from diffuse intensities a quantity that only depends on the local atomic arrangement near a binding site. A method based upon this possibility has been systematically used in all diffuse LEED studies and consequently these studies have been totally devoted to the determination of this local atomic arrangement. The authors show in this paper that this method only works if one binding site is occupied or not (binary chemisorption). In the other cases, investigation of diffuse LEED intensities requires knowledge of the statistical distribution of occupied sites and thus the statistical aspects of this problem can no longer be bypassed. For this reason and also because this problem is intrinsically interesting, the authors particularly focus on it here. Diffuse LEED intensity can be approximated by a sesquilinear form of the form factors for each adsorbed species. The coefficients of this form are the Fourier transforms on the two-dimensional surface lattice of the site-occupancy pair correlation functions. A self-consistent molecular-field approximation of these correlation functions is given in this paper. Particularly, the validity of this approximation is discussed in detail for the binary chemisorption case. Diffuse LEED intensities are provided in some other cases: (i) two kinds of atom are distributed at the surface of a binary metallic alloy; (ii) two adsorbed species coexist at a single crystal surface. The authors arrive at the conclusion that investigation of diffuse LEED intensities generally requires the direct comparison of measured and calculated intensities.
- Published
- 1990
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177. Feasibility of an integrated self biased coplanar isolator with barium ferrite films
- Author
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J.P. Chatelon, S. Capraro, M. Le Berre, J. J. Rousseau, Bernard Bayard, T. Rouiller, D. Barbier, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), INL - Dispositifs Electroniques (INL - DE), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Isolator ,Electrical engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Magnetization ,Magnetic anisotropy ,chemistry ,Remanence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Ferrite (magnet) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Saturation (magnetic) ,Barium ferrite ,Microwave ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The development of passive devices using a ferrite is a major focus of current research for electronic applications in the microwave range (circulators and isolators). Hexagonal ferrite, such as barium ferrite (BaFe12O19 or BaM), which has a large resistivity and high permeability at high frequencies are indeed of great interest for microwave device applications. In this work we developed an integrated and self-biased coplanar isolator using BaM sputtered films. BaM films, 1-36 mum thick, were deposited under optimized conditions by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on alumina substrates. The films were crystallized using a 800degC thermal annealing. Isolators were then realized using patterning of coplanar waveguides (CPW) with standard lift-off technique. The slots and the central width were 300 mum wide and gold was used for the conductor lines. We evaluated the influence of various parameters on the device performances: the magnetic film's thickness, the positioning of the magnetic film (CPW deposited onto the magnetic film or directly on the substrate), the CPW metallic thickness and the polarizing field. As standard design, the CPW were deposited on the top of the magnetic film. At the remanent magnetization (no polarizing field applied), the transmission coefficients then showed a non reciprocal effect, which reached 5.4 dB per cm of line length at 50 GHz for a 26.5 mum thick BaM film. Both the insertion losses and the non-reciprocal effect measured increased with the magnetic film thickness with a saturation effect. In the second design where the CPW is deposited directly on the substrate after a selective etching of the BaM film, we measured that the non reciprocal effect reached higher values for lower BaM thicknesses than for the first design and that the insertion losses also decreased. The interaction between the field lines created by the conductors and the magnetic film was indeed favored in the second case. Finally, we show the tunability of the isolator with the polarizing field.
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- 2007
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178. 3D delineation of prostate, rectum and bladder on MR images
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N, Betrouni, A S, Dewalle, P, Puech, M, Vermandel, and J, Rousseau
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Male ,Urinary Bladder ,Prostate ,Rectum ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Reproducibility of Results ,Image Enhancement ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Pattern Recognition, Automated ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Artificial Intelligence ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Algorithms - Abstract
In radiotherapy planning, target volumes and organs at risk delineation are a tedious and time-consuming task. In this paper we address a method to assist the radiologist in this task. We developed a 3D deformable model for prostate segmentation and used a seeded region growing algorithm for bladder and rectum delineation on MR images. Evaluation of the methods is made by comparison of the results to manual delineation in 24 patients. The following parameters were measured: volume ratio (V R) (automatic/manual), volume overlap (V O) (ratio of the volume of intersection to the volume of union, optimal value=1), and correctly delineated volume (V C) (percent ratio of the volume of intersection to the manual defined volume, optimal value=100). For prostate the V R, V O and V C were 1.13 (+/-0.1), 0.78 (+/-0.05) and 94.75 (+/-3.3), respectively. For rectum, the V R, V O and V C were 0.97 (+/-0.1), 0.78 (+/-0.06) and 86.52 (+/-5), respectively. V R, V O and V C were 0.95 (+/-0.03), 0.88 (+/-0.03) and 91.29 (+/-3.1) for bladder, respectively.
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- 2007
179. Chemisorption of Ethylene on Metals and Catalytic Hydrogenation
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Madame J. Rousseau, A. Laforgue, and B. Imelik
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,Ethylene ,chemistry ,Chemisorption ,Inorganic chemistry ,Electronic structure ,Photochemistry ,Catalytic hydrogenation - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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180. Interventional therapy procedures assisted by medical imaging and simulation. The experience of U 703 Inserm (Lille France)
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M, Vermandel, N, Betrouni, J, Rousseau, P, Dubois, Rousseau, Jean, Therapies Interventionnelles Assistees Par l'Image et la Simulation - U 703 (Thiais), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé
- Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Computer simulation ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted ,Image Guided Surgery ,Training Program ,Surgery, Computer-Assisted ,Therapy, Computer-Assisted ,Computer Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation ,Medical Laboratory Science ,Education, Medical, Continuing ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,France ,Computer Assisted Radiotherapy - Abstract
Since the early 1990s, minimally invasive techniques have been increasingly used in ever more and diversified fields of application. These techniques have some shared characteristics (predominant role of medical imaging, intensive use of new communication technologies, a multidisciplinary medical and scientific framework, etc.) but also shared specific problems (high-tech tools unfamiliar to the medical users, a major and long period of time for technological development, unavailability of training systems, difficulties in obtaining regulatory approval). For a long time, our Laboratory of Medical Physics (U 703 Inserm) has developed an innovative research activity in biomedical engineering in the field of assisted therapy, medical imaging and medical simulation. This paper presents the general context of interventional therapy procedures assisted by image and simulation and describes our scientific activities based on realistic objectives close to medical practice.
- Published
- 2007
181. Founder of the journal ITBM Yves Moschetto passed away
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M. Vermandel, V. Migonney, and J. Rousseau
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Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics - Published
- 2015
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182. Décès d'Yves Moschetto, fondateur de la revue ITBM
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M. Vermandel, V. Migonney, and J. Rousseau
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Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Seasonal affective disorder
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Stephen J, Lurie, Barbara, Gawinski, Deborah, Pierce, and Sally J, Rousseau
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Diagnosis, Differential ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Humans ,Seasonal Affective Disorder ,Phototherapy ,Antidepressive Agents - Abstract
Patients with seasonal affective disorder have episodes of major depression that tend to recur during specific times of the year, usually in winter. Like major depression, seasonal affective disorder probably is underdiagnosed in primary care settings. Although several screening instruments are available, such screening is unlikely to lead to improved outcomes without personalized and detailed attention to individual symptoms. Physicians should be aware of comorbid factors that could signal a need for further assessment. Specifically, some emerging evidence suggests that seasonal affective disorder may be associated with alcoholism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Seasonal affective disorder often can be treated with light therapy, which appears to have a low risk of adverse effects. Light therapy is more effective if administered in the morning. It remains unclear whether light is equivalent to drug therapy, whether drug therapy can augment the effects of light therapy, or whether cognitive behavior therapy is a better treatment choice.
- Published
- 2006
184. Survival of Salmonella Copenhagen in food bowls following contamination with experimentally inoculated raw meat: effects of time, cleaning, and disinfection
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J Scott, Weese and J, Rousseau
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Salmonella Infections, Animal ,Meat ,food and beverages ,Food Contamination ,Hygiene ,Scientific ,Risk Factors ,Salmonella ,Animals, Domestic ,Zoonoses ,Food Microbiology ,Animals ,Humans ,Salmonella Food Poisoning - Abstract
There are concerns regarding the safety of feeding raw meat to household pets. This study demonstrated that Salmonella persists in food bowls that are inoculated with Salmonella-containing raw meat. Standard methods of cleaning and disinfection were minimally effective at eliminating Salmonella contamination.
- Published
- 2006
185. Impact of residential wood combustion on ambient air quality
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A.-M. Carter, A. Germain, J. Rousseau, M. Bisson, and C. Gagnon
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- 2006
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186. Towards the Integration of Barium Ferrite Sputtered Films for Coplanar Isolators and Circulators in the Millimeter Wave Range
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J.P. Chatelon, V. Larrey, D. Givord, M. Le Berre, E. Benevent, J. J. Rousseau, A.-S. Dehlinger, Didier Vincent, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux (LPMa), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), DIOM (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire Louis Néel (LLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radiall, and MNRT
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Materials science ,business.industry ,HFSS ,Isolator ,Circulator ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Remanence ,Extremely high frequency ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Transmission coefficient ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Microwave ,Barium ferrite - Abstract
Signal processing in communication, instrumentation and radar detection requires low cost microwave and millimeter wave devices. The integration of millimeter wave passive components like isolators and circulators is thus a major issue. In these components, the nonreciprocal nature of wave propagation in ferrites plays an essential role. Hexagonal ferrites, such as barium ferrite (BaFe12O19 or BaM), which has a large resistivity and high permeability at high frequency, are of great interest for such applications. The present work deals with the characterization of barium hexaferrite sputtered films and with the device integration for the development of coplanar isolators and circulators working at frequencies around 40 GHz.The BaM films (in the thickness range of 10μm) were deposited on alumina substrate by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature and were then crystallized using a 800°C thermal annealing. Structural properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the magnetostatic properties of the film were determined using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) leading to assess a range of deposition conditions appropriate for device integration.Both coplanar isolators and circulators were implemented using standard lift-off technique. Coplanar circulators were designed by analytical calculation and 3D electromagnetic simulation (HFSS) supposing a saturated material and no losses. The microwave range characterization was performed using a network analyzer and a probing system with a prior OSTL calibration. The coplanar isolators were characterized both at the remanence and under a polarizing field. At the remanence, the gyroresonance occurred at 50 GHz and the nonreciprocal effect - difference between the transmission coefficient in the forward direction and in the reverse direction - was evaluated. When applying a polarizing field, the tunability of the isolator was verified experimentally. Finally first measurements on integrated coplanar circulators are currently under progress.
- Published
- 2006
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187. Determining rates of change in data envelopment analysis
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Susan X. Li, John J. Rousseau, and Zhimin Huang
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Marketing ,Linear programming ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Reliability (computer networking) ,Scheduling (production processes) ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Purchasing ,Management Information Systems ,Relative interior ,Economics ,Data envelopment analysis ,Econometrics ,Production (economics) ,Project management ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a general method for determining rates of change of outputs with respect to inputs along efficient facets of the Pareto-optimal frontier common to several empirical production possibility sets in Data Envelopment Analysis. As a prerequisite step, a theoretical analysis is provided for identifying the efficient facets. Non-negativity of these rates of change are discussed via ‘cone direction’ developments in both the input and output spaces.
- Published
- 1997
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- View/download PDF
188. Visuvalve Software: An Aid to the Diagnosis of Shunt Failure
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S. Debeugny, J. Rousseau, Patrick Dhellemmes, Philippe Bourgeois, Richard Assaker, and J.P. Hladky
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medicine.medical_specialty ,education ,Computed tomography ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Software ,Microcomputers ,Clinical information ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,Cerebral Ventriculography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Shunt malfunction ,General Medicine ,Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ,Surgery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Personal computer ,Equipment Failure ,Neurology (clinical) ,Emergencies ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Shunt (electrical) ,Hydrocephalus - Abstract
Software designed to help the neurosurgeon in the diagnosis of shunt malfunction is presented. This software allows the possibility to record on a 3.5 diskette a patient's clinical information and four views of a CT scan performed when the patient was doing perfectly well with his shunt. This diskette, operated by MS-DOS on any IBM-compatible personal computer, can be read at any time, anywhere. The evaluation of the system demonstrated it was safe, with an excellent adhesion of the patients and of their families.
- Published
- 1997
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189. Determining rates of change in data envelopment analysis
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Z. Huang, S. X. Li, and J. J. Rousseau
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Marketing ,Strategy and Management ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Management Information Systems - Published
- 1997
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- View/download PDF
190. Exploration of the integration of passive coplanar isolator based on thin magnetic films
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J. J. Rousseau, T. Rouiller, M. Le Berre, D. Barbier, Bernard Bayard, S. Capraro, J.P. Chatelon, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de physique de la matière (LPM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Engineering ,business.industry ,Isolator ,Electrical engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,7. Clean energy ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Conductor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Magnetic films ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Barium ferrite ,Microwave ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
In order to miniaturize and self-bias a coplanar isolator, new method is to use thin magnetic films. The results presented in this paper show that this component behaves like an isolator in the 50-GHz band. The influence of the magnetic and conductor films for increasing the isolator properties is studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 435–437, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21009
- Published
- 2005
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191. Magneto-optical properties of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) thin films elaborated by radio-frequency sputtering
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H. Joisten, M. Le Berre, Béatrice Payet-Gervy, Marie-Françoise Blanc-Mignon, J. J. Rousseau, T. Boudiar, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de physique de la matière (LPM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010302 applied physics ,[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Yttrium iron garnet ,Gadolinium gallium garnet ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Radio frequency power transmission ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetic field ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Wavelength ,symbols.namesake ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,chemistry ,Sputtering ,0103 physical sciences ,Faraday effect ,symbols ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Thin films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are grown by radio frequency magnetron non reactive sputtering system. Thin films are crystallised by heat-treatment to obtain magneto-optical properties. On quartz substrate, the network of cracks observed on the annealed samples can be explained by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and YIG. Physico-chemical analysis shown that the obtained material has a correct stoichiometry and is crystallised as FCC. The Faraday rotation of thin films is measured with a classical ellipsometric system based on transmission which allows us to obtained an accuracy of 0.01 ° . The variation of Faraday rotation is studied on the one hand versus radio frequency power applied to the cathode during the deposition and on the other hand versus the applied magnetic field. The results are compared with those obtained by vibrating sample magnetometer analysis in perpendicular configuration. A maximum Faraday rotation is observed to be 1900 ° / cm at the wavelength of 594 nm for a YIG thin film formed on quartz substrate and annealed at 740 ° C . The values of the Faraday rotation coefficients obtained in the study versus the wavelength are comparable to those of the literature for the bulk material. In order to eliminate the stress due to the heat-treatment, we made some films on single crystals of gadolinium gallium garnet (1 1 1) substrates for which thermal expansion coefficient is near than the YIG one. The material crystallises with no crackles and the Faraday effect is equivalent.
- Published
- 2004
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- View/download PDF
192. A new technological approach in phase matched magnetooptic planar waveguide realization
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Damien Jamon, J. J. Rousseau, Daniel Zins, Valérie Cabuil, Franeois Royer, Charles Bovier, Hubert Roux, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée et Nanostructures (LPMCN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Materials science ,Magnetism ,business.industry ,Phase (waves) ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Planar ,Optics ,law ,Ellipsometry ,0103 physical sciences ,Magnetic nanoparticles ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology ,Anisotropy ,business ,Waveguide ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This paper describes how composite material, made of maghemite (γFe2O3) nanoparticles embedded in a silica/titania matrix, can be used to developp new phase matched magnetooptic planar waveguides. Thin film samples are coated on pyrex substrates from a magnetic particles doped sol-gel preparation and using the dip-coating technic. Ellipsometry and Mlines spectroscopy measurements performed on these samples show that a magnetic field applied during the gelation induces an optical anisotropy in the film. Depending on the orientation of the field (in plane or out of plane), the TE0-TM0 planar waveguide phase mismatch is increased or reduced. Interpretations of these results are given and leads of further works using this property are proposed.
- Published
- 2004
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193. [Predictive criteria of early recurrence of atrial arrhythmia after reduction by electrical cardioversion]
- Author
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O, Paziaud, O, Piot, J, Rousseau, X, Copie, T, Lavergne, L, Guize, and J Y, Le Heuzey
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Time Factors ,Recurrence ,Electric Countershock ,Humans ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The management of atrial arrhythmias aims not only to restore sinus rhythm but also to maintain it. Ten to thirty per cent of patients have early recurrence of atrial arrhythmias, the treatment of which remains empiric. The aim of this study was to define factors predictive of early recurrence of atrial arrhythmias and the consequences on the length of hospital stay. A series of 131 patients who underwent reduction of atrial arrhythmias by electrical cardioversion was studied retrospectively. A recurrence within 24 hours was observed in 12.2% of the patients. These recurrences significantly increased the length of hospital stay (6.8+/-6.3 versus 3.6+/-3.8 days, p=0.005). This study confirms two previously reported results with respect to more long-term recurrences. In the "early recurrence" group, the duration of the atrial arrhythmia was longer (p=0.003) and there were fewer treatments with amiodarone (p=0.03). In addition, original results were obtained. In the "early recurrence" group, the patients were more often treated with furosemide (p=0.02), class Ic antiarrhythmics (p=0.007) or anaesthetised with thiopental (p=0.002) than patients without early recurrences. Experimental data explain these results. However, they require confirmation by a prospective randomised trial.
- Published
- 2004
194. Thermoelectric properties of Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/-based chevrel phase with semiconducting properties
- Author
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Janusz Tobola, A. Kasama, P. Pecheur, H. Scherrer, J. Rousseau, Y. Matsumura, Y. Ohta, and I. Iwanaga
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Crystal ,symbols.namesake ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Seebeck coefficient ,Fermi level ,Thermoelectric effect ,symbols ,Electronic band structure ,Thermoelectric materials ,Semimetal - Abstract
Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/-based Chevrel phase compounds with inserted cations into cavities are interesting as a new candidate of PGEC (Phonon Glass Electron Crystal) thermoelectric materials. From band structure calculations, the compositions including TiMo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ have been found to be semiconductor or semimetal, and therefore are expected to have good Seebeck coefficient besides low thermal conductivity. However it had been apparent that insertion of enough cations to the cavities in Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ with simple process was difficult due to secondary phase and oxide appearance. We present in this paper an estimation of the effect of two inserted cations experimentally and theoretically in order to improve thermoelectric properties of Chevrel phases. The thermoelectric properties are significantly enhanced by Cu-addition, and the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT=0.22 is estimated for nominal Cu/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 1.0/Mo/sub 6/Se/sub 8/ sample at 800/spl deg/C. It is found from band structure calculations by the self-consistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method that the Fermi level tends to shift to upper state by Cu-addition. Cu-addition can compensate a loss of Ti and control carrier concentration instead of Ti.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. Passive coplanar isolator with barium ferrite thin films
- Author
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Bernard Bayard, H. Joisten, J. J. Rousseau, S. Capraro, J.P. Chatelon, M. Le Berre, T. Rouiller, D. Barbier, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire de physique de la matière (LPM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Chatelon, Jean-Pierre, and Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,[SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Isolator ,02 engineering and technology ,Coercivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Amorphous solid ,Magnetic anisotropy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,chemistry ,Sputtering ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,Ferrite (magnet) ,Thin film ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Barium ferrite ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The development of integrated devices combining a ferrite is a major focus of current research. Barium hexaferrite (BaFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/ or BaM), which exhibits a high anisotropy field and high coercive force are deposited on alumina substrate using an RF sputtering system. After deposition BaM films are amorphous and a post deposition thermal annealing is needed to obtain magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization and coercive force was about 500 mT and 330 kA/m. After that, coplanar lines were made with BaM thin films on alumina substrates and with gold conductor. The transmission coefficients of a barium ferrite coplanar isolator are measured up to 55 GHz. The measurements of transmission parameters S/sub 12/ and S/sub 21/ was performed by a 65 GHz vector network analyzer and a probing system. First experimental results showed an isolation of 3.3 dB/cm at 50 GHz.
- Published
- 2004
196. Magneto-optical properties of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films elaborated by radio frequency sputtering
- Author
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J. J. Rousseau, H. Joisten, Bruno Canut, Marie-Françoise Blanc-Mignon, Beatrice Payet-Gervy, Martine Le Berre, and Toufik Boudiar
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Magnetism ,business.industry ,Yttrium iron garnet ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Gadolinium gallium garnet ,Yttrium ,Sputter deposition ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,chemistry ,Sputtering ,Faraday effect ,symbols ,Thin film ,business - Abstract
Thin films of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) are grown by radio frequency magnetron non reactive sputtering system. Thin films are crystallised by heat-treatment to obtain magneto-optical properties. On quartz substrate, the network of cracks observed on the annealed samples can be explained by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and YIG. The Faraday rotation of thin films is measured with a classical ellipsometric system based in transmission which allows us to obtained an accuracy of 0.01°. We studied the variation of Faraday rotation versus the applied magnetic field. The variation of the Faraday rotation is the same that this obtained by VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) analysis. With a quartz substrate, maximum Faraday rotation is observed to be 1900°/cm at the wavelength of 594 nm for an annealing of 740°C. The variation of the Faraday rotation versus the wavelength is studied. The obtained values are comparable to those of the literature for the bulk material. In order to eliminate the stress due to the heat-treatment, we made some films on Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) which thermal expansion coefficient is near than the YIG one. The material crystallises with no cracks and the Faraday effect is equivalent.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. Crystallographic properties of magnetron sputtered barium ferrite films
- Author
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Bernard Bayard, S. Capraro, M. Le Berre, H. Joisten, J.P. Chatelon, J. J. Rousseau, C. Canut, D. Barbier, Dispositifs et Instrumentation en Optoélectronique et micro-ondes (DIOM), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Laboratoire de physique de la matière (LPM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée et Nanostructures (LPMCN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
- Subjects
Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Thin film ,Crystallization ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Barium ferrite ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,010302 applied physics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Sputter deposition ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Amorphous solid ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Cavity magnetron ,Ferrite (magnet) ,0210 nano-technology ,Stoichiometry - Abstract
The development of devices combining a ferrite with a semiconductor chip is a major focus of current research. Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19 or BaM) thick films are deposited here using a RF magnetron sputtering system. Films are amorphous and non magnetic after deposition. Post-deposition thermal annealing is employed to make the films crystallize. The effects of the substrate, thermal annealing process, thickness, substrate temperature on crystallographic properties and stoichiometry are studied using a X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Rutherford back-scattering (RBS). The in-depth homogeneity of Ba, Fe and O is evaluated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The study shows a good crystallization of BaM films and there is a preferential orientation among the crystallographic planes (1 0 1), (2 0 0), (2 0 3), (1 0 2), (1 1 0) and (2 0 5) when BaM films are prepared at low RF power and when the substrate is heated. For several elaboration parameters, grains size is in the range of 25 and 40 nm and BaM films are stoichiometric with regard to the target stoichiometry.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. ALICE: Physics performance report, volume I
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Carminati, F. Foka, P. Giubellino, P. Morsch, A. Paic, G. Revol, J.-P. Šafařík, K. Schutz, Y. Wiedemann, U.A. Cortese, P. Dellacasa, G. Ramello, L. Sitta, M. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, T. Bari, W. Irfan, M. Zafar, M. Belogianni, A. Christakoglou, P. Ganoti, P. Petridis, A. Roukoutakis, F. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M. Vassiliou, M. Caselle, M. Di Bari, D. Elia, D. Fini, R.A. Ghidini, B. Lenti, V. Manzari, V. Nappi, E. Navach, F. Pastore, C. Posa, F. Santoro, R. Sgura, I. Corsi, F. De Venuto, D. Fratino, U. Marzocca, C. Li, X. Liu, Z. Lu, S. Lu, Z. Meng, Q. Sa, B. Yuan, J. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Klovning, A. Nystrand, J. Pommeresche, B. Röhrich, D. Ullaland, K. Vestbø, A.S. Yin, Z. Fanebust, K. Helstrup, H. Lien, J.A. Choudhury, R.K. Dubey, A.K. Mahapatra, D.P. Mishra, D. Phatak, S.C. Sahoo, R. Evans, D. Jones, G.T. Jovanović, P. Jusko, A. Kinson, J.B. Lietava, R. Villalobos Baillie, O. Alici, A. Anselmo, F. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Baek, Y.W. Bellagamba, L. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Cerron-Zeballos, E. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Corradi, M. Falchieri, D. Gabrielli, A. Gandolfi, E. Giusti, P. Hatzifotiadou, D. Laurenti, G. Luvisetto, M.L. Margotti, A. Masetti, M. Morozov, S. Nania, R. Otiougova, P. Palmonari, F. Pesci, A. Pierella, F. Polini, A. Sartorelli, G. Scapparone, E. Scioli, G. Vacca, G.P. Valenti, G. Venturi, G. Williams, M.C.S. Zichichi, A. Černý, V. Janik, R. Kapusta, S. Lúčan, L. Pikna, M. Pišút, J. Pišútová, N. Sitár, B. Strmeň, P. Szarka, I. Zagiba, M. Aiftimiei, C. Catanescu, V. Duma, M. Legrand, C.I. Moisa, D. Petrovici, M. Stoicea, G. Dénes, E. Eged, B. Fodor, Z. Kiss, T. Pálla, G. Sulyán, J. Zimányi, J. Basciu, S. Cicalo, C. De Falco, A. Floris, M. Macciotta-Serpi, M.P. Puddu, G. Serci, S. Siddi, E. Tocco, L. Usai, G. Cleymans, J. Fearick, R. Vilakazi, Z. Badalà, A. Barbera, R. Lo Re, G. Palmeri, A. Pappalardo, G.S. Pulvirenti, A. Riggi, F. Andres, Y. Anelli, G. Augustin, I. Augustinus, A. Baechler, J. Barberis, P. Belikov, J.A. Betev, L. Boccardi, A. Braem, A. Bramm, R. Brun, R. Burns, M. Buncic, P. Cali, I. Campagnolo, R. Campbell, M. Carena, F. Carena, W. Carrer, N. Cheshkov, C. Chochula, P. Chudoba, J. Cruz De Sousa Barbosa, J. Davenport, M. De Cataldo, G. De Groot, J. Di Mauro, A. Dinapoli, R. Divià, R. Engster, C. Evrard, S. Fabjan, C. Fassò, A. Favretto, D. Feng, L. Formenti, F. Futó, E. Gallas-Torreira, A. Gheata, A. Gonzalez-Caballero, I. Gonzalez-Gutierrez, C. Gregory, C. Hoch, M. Hoedelmoser, H. Hristov, P. Ivanov, M. Jirden, L. Junique, A. Klempt, W. Kluge, A. Kowalski, M. Kuhr, T. Leistam, L. Lourenço, C. Marin, J.-C. Martinengo, P. Masoni, A. Mast, M. Meyer, T. Mohanty, A. Morel, M. Mota, B. Muller, H. Musa, L. Nilsson, P. Osmic, F. Perini, D. Peters, A. Picard, D. Piuz, F. Popescu, S. Rademakers, F. Riedler, P. Rosso, E. Saiz, P. Santiard, J.-C. Schossmaier, K. Schukraft, J. Schyns, E. Skowronski, P. Soos, C. Stefanini, G. Stock, R. Swoboda, D. Szymanski, P. Taureg, H. Tavlet, M. Tissot-Daguette, P. Vande Vyvre, P. Van-Der-Vlugt, C. Vanuxem, J.-P. Vascotto, A. Aggarwal, M.M. Bhati, A.K. Kumar, A. Sharma, M. Sood, G. Baldit, A. Barret, V. Bastid, N. Blanchard, G. Castor, J. Crochet, P. Daudon, F. Devaux, A. Dupieux, P. Force, P. Forestier, B. Genoux-Lubain, A. Insa, C. Jouve, F. Lamoine, L. Lecoq, J. Manso, F. Rosnet, P. Royer, L. Saturnini, P. Savinel, G. Yermia, F. Humanic, T.J. Kotov, I.V. Lisa, M. Nilsen, B.S. Sugarbaker, E. Johnson, D. Bearden, I. Bøggild, H. Christiansen, P. Gaardhøje, J.J. Hansen, O. Holm, A. Nielsen, B.S. Ouerdane, D. Bartke, J. Gładysz-Dziadús, E. Kornas, E. Rybicki, A. Wroblewski, A. Andronic, A. Antonczyk, D. Appelshäuser, H. Badura, E. Berdermann, E. Braun-Munzinger, P. Busch, O. Ciobanu, M. Daues, H.W. Frankenfeld, U. Garabatos, C. Gutbrod, H. Lippman, C. Malzacher, P. Marin, A. Mis̈kowiec, D. Radomski, S. Sako, H. Sandoval, A. Schmidt, H.R. Schwarz, K. Sedykh, S. Simon, R.S. Stelzer, H. Tziledakis, G. Vranic, D. Förster, A. Oeschler, H. Uhlig, F. Berger, J. Billmeier, A. Blume, C. Dietel, T. Flierl, D. Gaździcki, M. Kolleger, Th. Lange, S. Loizides, C. Renfordt, R. Ströbele, H. Berdnikov, Ya. Khanzadeev, A. Miftakhov, N. Nikouline, V. Poliakov, V. Rostchine, E. Samsonov, V. Tarasenkova, O. Tarakanov, V. Zhalov, M. Lopez Torres, E. Abrahantes Quintana, A. Diaz Valdes, R. Angelov, V. Gutfleisch, M. Lindenstruth, V. Panse, R. Reichling, C. Schneider, R. Steinbeck, T. Tilsner, H. Wiebalck, A. Adler, C. Bielčiková, J. Emschermann, D. Glässel, P. Herrmann, N. Lehmann, Th. Ludolphs, W. Mahmoud, T. Milosevic, J. Oyama, K. Petráček, V. Petrovici, M. Rusanov, I. Schicker, R. Soltveit, H.C. Stachel, J. Stockmeier, M. Vulpescu, B. Windelband, B. Yurevich, S. Bhardwaj, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Badyal, S.K. Bhasin, A. Gupta, A. Gupta, V.K. Mahajan, S. Mangotra, L.K. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Sambyal, S.S. Akichine, P.G. Arefiev, V.A. Baatar, Ts. Batiounia, B.V. Chabratova, G.S. Chepurnov, V.F. Chernenko, S.A. Dodokhov, V.K. Efimov, L.G. Fateev, O.V. Grigalashvili, T. Haiduc, M. Hasegan, D. Kadychevsky, V.G. Koshurnikov, E.K. Kuznetsov, V. Lioubochits, V.L. Lobanov, V.I. Malakhov, A.I. Malinina, L.V. Nioradze, M. Nomokonov, P.V. Panebrattsev, Y.A. Penev, V.N. Pismennaya, V.G. Roufanov, I. Shestakov, V. Shklovskaya, A.I. Smykov, P. Suleimanov, M.K. Tevzadze, Y. Togoo, R. Vodopianov, A.S. Yurevich, V.I. Zanevsky, Y.V. Zaporojets, S.A. Zinchenko, A.I. Äysto, J. Bondila, M. Lyapin, V. Oinonen, M. Ruuskanen, V. Seppänen, H. Trzaska, W. Blank, T. Gemmeke, H. Bochek, G.L. Dovbnya, A.N. Kulibaba, V.I. Maslov, N.I. Naumov, S.V. Ovchinnik, V.D. Potin, S.M. Starodubtsev, A.F. Borshchov, V.N. Chykalov, O. Kaurova, L. Kiprich, S.K. Klymova, L. Listratenko, O.M. Mykhaylova, N. Protsenko, M. Reznik, O. Starkov, V.E. Borysov, O. Kadenko, I. Martynov, Y. Molodtsov, S. Sokolov, O. Sinyukov, Y. Zinovjev, G. Bhattacharya, P. Bose, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Majumdar, N. Mukhopadhyay, S. Sanyal, A. Sarkar, S. Sen, P. Sen, S.K. Sinha, B.C. Sinha, T. Ahammed, Z. Bhaskar, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Das, D. Das, S. Dutta Majumdar, M.R. Ganti, M.S. Ghosh, P. Mohanty, B. Nandi, B.K. Nayak, T.K. Netrakanti, P.K. Pal, S. Singaraju, R.N. Sinha, B. Trivedi, M.D. Viyogi, Y.P. Bán, J. Bombara, M. Fedor, S. Hnatič, M. Králik, I. Kravčáková, A. Kriváň, F. Krivda, M. Martinská, G. Pastirčák, B. Šándor, L. Urbán, J. Vokál, S. Vrláková, J. Cinausero, M. Fioretto, E. Prete, G. Ricci, R.A. Vannucci, L. Branco, P. Carvalho, R. Seixas, J. Vilela Mendes, R. Gustafsson, H.-A. Oskarsson, A. Osterman, L. Otterlund, I. Stenlund, E.A. Cheynis, B. Ducroux, L. Grossiord, J.Y. Guichard, A. Pillot, P. Rapp, B. Tieulent, R. Alfaro Molina, J.R. Ayala, A. Becerril, A. Belmont Moreno, E. Contreras, J.G. Cuautle, E. D'Olivo, J.C. Herrera Corral, G. Leon Monzon, I. Martinez Castro, J. Martinez Davalos, A. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Montano Zetina, L.M. Nellen, L. Solano, J. Vergara, S. Zepeda, A. Goloubeva, M.B. Gouber, F.F. Karavichev, O.V. Karavicheva, T.L. Karpechev, E.V. Kourepin, A.B. Maevskaia, A.I. Marin, V.V. Pshenichnov, I.A. Razine, V.I. Rechetin, A.I. Shileev, K.A. Topilskaia, N.S. Akindinov, A.N. Golovine, V. Kaidalov, A.B. Kats, M.M. Kiselev, I.T. Kiselev, S.M. Lioublev, E. Martemiyanov, A.N. Polozov, P.A. Serov, V.S. Smirnitski, A.V. Tchoumakov, M.M. Vetlitski, I.A. Volochine, K.G. Vorobiev, L.S. Zagreev, B.V. Aleksandrov, D. Antonenko, V. Beliaev, S. Fokine, S. Ippolitov, M. Karadjev, K. Lebedev, V. Manko, V.I. Moukhanova, T. Nianine, A. Nikolaev, S. Nikouline, S. Patarakine, O. Peressounko, D. Sibiriak, I. Tsvetkov, A. Vasiliev, A. Vinogradov, A. Volkov, M. Yushmanov, I. Grigoriev, V.A. Kaplin, V.A. Loginov, V.A. Baumann, C. Bucher, D. Glasow, R. Gottschlag, H. Heine, N. Reygers, K. Santo, R. Verhoeven, W. Wessels, J. Zaudtke, O. Aphecetche, L. Boucham, A. Boudjemline, K. Conesa-Balbestre, G. Cussonneau, J.P. Delagrange, H. Dialinas, M. Finck, C. Erazmus, B. Germain, M. Lautridou, P. Lefèvre, F. Luquin, L. Martin, L. Martinez, G. Ravel, O. Roy, C. Tournaire, A. Frolov, A.R. Pestov, I.N. Awes, T. Cherney, M. Swanger, M. Comets, M.P. Courtat, P. Espagnon, B. Hřivnáčová, I. Kunne, R. Le Bornec, Y. Mac Cormick, M. Peyré, J. Pouthas, J. Rousseau, S. Willis, N. Bravina, L. Løvhøiden, G. Skaali, B. Tveter, T.S. Vik, T. Wikne, J.C. Wormald, D. Antinori, F. Dainese, A. Fabris, D. Lunardon, M. Morando, M. Moretto, S. Pepato, A. Quercigh, E. Scarlassara, F. Segato, G. Turrisi, R. Viesti, G. Beitlerova, A. Mareš, J. Mihoková, E. Nikl, M. Píška, K. Polák, K. Závada, P. Bogolyubsky, M.Yu. Britvitch, G.I. Khaoustov, G.V. Kharlov, I.V. Konstantinov, S.A. Minaev, N.G. Petrov, V.S. Polichtchouk, B.V. Sadovsky, S.A. Semenov, P.A. Soloviev, A.S. Victorov, V.A. Fernandez Tellez, A. Gamez Flores, E. Lopez, R. Roman, S. Vargas, M.A. Adamová, D. Kouchpil, S. Kouchpil, V. Kugler, A. Šumbera, M. Tlustý, P. Wagner, V. Di Liberto, S. Mazzoni, M.A. Meddi, F. Urciuoli, G.M. Anfreville, M. Baldisseri, A. Borel, H. Cacaut, D. Dumonteil, E. Durand, R. De Girolamo, P. Gosset, J. Hardy, P. Hennion, V. Herlant, S. Orsini, F. Pénichot, Y. Pereira, H. Salasca, S. Staley, F.M. Usseglio, M. De Caro, A. De Pasquale, S. Di Bartolomeo, A. Fusco Girard, M. Grella, G. Guida, M. Romano, G. Sellitto, S. Virgili, T. Basmanov, V. Budnikov, D. Demanov, V. Ianowski, V. Ilkaev, R. Ilkaeva, L. Ivanov, A. Khlebnikov, A. Kouryakin, A. Nazarenko, S. Pavlov, V. Philchagin, S. Punin, V. Poutevskoi, S. Selin, I. Vinogradov, I. Zhelezov, S. Zhitnik, A. Gotovac, S. Mudnic, E. Vidak, L. Braun, M.A. Feofilov, G.A. Igolkin, S.N. Kolojvari, A.A. Kondratiev, V.P. Stolyarov, O.I. Toulina, T.A. Tsimbal, F.A. Valiev, F.F. Vechernin, V.V. Vinogradov, L.I. Baudot, J. Bonnet, D. Coffin, J.P. Kuhn, C. Lutz, J. Vernet, R. Bonvicini, V. Bosisio, L. Bregant, M. Camerini, P. Fragiacomo, E. Grion, N. Grosso, R. Margagliotti, G. Penzo, A. Piano, S. Rachevskaya, I. Rachevski, A. Rui, R. Soramel, F. Vacchi, A. Alessandro, B. Arnaldi, R. Beolé, S. Cerello, P. Chiavassa, E. Crescio, E. De Marco, N. Ferretti, A. Gallio, M. Guernane, R. Idzik, M. Innocenti, P. Marzari-Chiesa, A. Masera, M. Monteno, M. Musso, A. Nouais, D. Oppedisano, C. Piccotti, A. Prino, F. Riccati, L. Scomparin, E. Tosello, F. Vercellin, E. Werbrouck, A. Wheadon, R. Botje, M. Buskop, J.J.F. De Haas, A.P. Kamermans, R. Kuijer, P.G. Nooren, G. Oskamp, C.J. Peitzmann, Th. Simili, E. Snellings, R. Sokolov, A.N. Van Den Brink, A. Van Eijndhoven, N. Heuser, J. Kano, H. Tanida, K. Tanaka, M. Kawasaki, T. Fujiwara, K. Deloff, A. Dobrowolski, T. Karpio, K. Kozlowski, M. Malinowski, H. Redlich, K. Siemiarczuk, T. Stefanek, G. Tykarski, L. Wilk, G. Chajecki, Z. Janik, M. Kisiel, A. Pawlak, T.J. Peryt, W.S. Pluta, J. Slodkowski, M. Szarwas, P. Traczyk, T. Conner, E.S. Keidel, R. Cai, X. Liu, F. Liu, F.M. Liu, H. Liu, Y. Qian, W.Y. Wang, X.R. Wu, T. Yang, C.B. Yang, H.Y. Yin, Z.B. Zhou, D.C. Zhou, D.M. Atayan, M. Grigorian, A. Grigoryan, S. Gulkanyan, H. Hayrapetyan, A. Harutyunyan, A. Kakoyan, V. Margaryan, Yu. Poghosyan, M. Shahoyan, R. Vardanyan, H. Anticic, T. Kadija, K. Susa, T. Aurenche, P. Baier, R. Becattini, F. Csörgo, T. Eggert, K. Giovannini, A. Heinz, U. Hencken, K. Iancu, E. Kajantie, K. Karsch, F. Koch, V. Kopeliovich, B.Z. Laine, M. Lednický, R. Mangano, M. Mrowczynski, S. Pilon, E. Rapp, R. Salgado, C.A. Tomášik, B. Treleani, D. Ugoccioni, R. Venugopalan, R. Vogt, R. ALICE Collaboration
- Abstract
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experimentwas approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The currentVolume I contains: 1. a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, 2. relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, 3. a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and 4. a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes. © 2004 IOP Publishing Ltd.
- Published
- 2004
199. Optimization of Passive Isolator Based On Barium Ferrite Sputtered Films
- Author
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J.P. Chatelon, Daniel Barbier, M. Le Berre, T. Rouiller, S. Capraro, Bernard Bayard, and J. J. Rousseau
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Isolator ,Substrate (electronics) ,Sputter deposition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Electrical conductor ,Saturation (magnetic) ,Microwave ,Barium ferrite - Abstract
Ferrites have magnetic properties suitable for electronic applications, especially in the microwave range (circulators and isolators). Hexagonal ferrite, such as barium ferrite (BaFe12O19 or BaM), which have a large resistivity and high permeability at high frequencies are of great interest for microwave device applications.This contribution deals with BaM films, 1 to 36 microns thick, which were deposited under optimized conditions by RF magnetron sputtering. The films were then crystallized using a 800°C thermal annealing. Isolators were then realized using patterning of coplanar wave guides with standard lift-off technique. The slots and the central width were 300 μm wide, gold was used for the conductor lines. We evaluated the influence of various parameters on the device performances: the magnetic film thickness, the positioning of the magnetic film (CPW deposited onto the magnetic film or directly on the substrate) and the CPW metallic thickness. As standard design, the CPW were deposited on the top of the magnetic film. For the first design, transmission coefficients showed a non reciprocal effect, which reaches 7 dB per cm of line length at 50 GHz for a 26.5 μm thick BaM film. Both the insertion losses and the non-reciprocal effect measured increased with the magnetic film thickness with a saturation effect. In the second design where the CPW is deposited directly on the substrate, the BaM film was selectively wet etched prior to the metal deposition everywhere except between the conductors. In that case we measured that the non reciprocal effect reached high values for lower BaM thicknesses than in comparison to design # 1 and that the insertion losses also decreased. Moreover for the design # 2, also in relation with the localization of the BaM between the conductors, the non reciprocal effect improved with increasing conductor thickness as the interaction between the field lines created by the conductors and the magnetic film is then favored.
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- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. [External electrical cardioversion of atrial arrhythmia: predictive criteria of success]
- Author
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O, Paziaud, O, Piot, J, Rousseau, X, Copie, T, Lavergne, L, Guize, and J Y, Le Heuzey
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Electric Countershock ,Humans ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Female ,Heart Atria ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Supraventricular arrhythmia is a major public health problem because of its prevalence and clinical consequences. The first step of the treatment usually consists in restoring sinusal rhythm. The aim of this study is to evaluate results and predictive factors of success of electrical cardioversion.We studied a series of 143 consecutive electric cardioversion preformed in 131 French patients.The rate of successful direct current cardioversion was 91.2%. Negative predictive factors are the height body mass index and the age of arrhythmia. Atrial flutter is a predictive factor of success. These results agree with published results. Our study highlights the interest of some nonantiarrhythmic drugs received by the patient during the period before the direct current cardioversion. Thus, a spironolactone treatment appears to be a new predictive factor of the success of electrical cardioversion (success in patients treated with spironolactone: 100% vs 89% without, P = 0.04).Our results agree with usual predictive factors of the success of cardioversion. Nevertheless, a new approach is that of the positive effect of spironolactone on cardioversion. A prospective randomized study is necessary to confirm this result.
- Published
- 2003
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