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The authors present the case-history of a patient with a cystic retroperitoneal lymphangioma. Its diagnosis was established only by histological examination of the resected tissue. The authors draw attention to the symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy and discuss contemporary views regarding the cause of this disease.

Based on previous work of their own and data in the literature the authors outlined diagnostic and classification criteria of acute pancreatitis. The latter were applied in a prospective study. Thus a group of 71 patients with acute pancreatitis was obtained. In 10 patients of this group at the same time intervals and while the same therapeutic procedures were used, the serum protease levels were followed up. The authors assumed that it will be possible to express thus objectively the severity of the disease and to diagnose in time necrotizing forms of acute pancreatitis. The results re demonstrated the feasibility and suitability of this procedure only for assessment of the severity of the disease.

Blood specimens were collected from 15000 pregnant women during the first 3 months of their pregnancy and screened for amino acid disturbances by means of paper chromatography. A high incidence of disturbances in the phenylalanine metabolism was discovered: three cases of mild hyperphenylalaninaemia without phenylpyruvicaciduria (incidence 1:5000); two cases of mild hyperphenylalaninaemia with phenylpyruvicaciduria (incidence 1:7550); four cases of mild phenylketonuria (incidence 1:3750). Disturbances in the metabolism of other amino acids were found to be rare. Metabolic and genealogical findings in some detected families are briefly described.

The crystallizer CSK-1 is based on a tubular furnace with five heating elements. The crystallizer operates in an automatic mode, i.e., the setting up of the temperature fields, setting of the sample position in the tube and of the rate and direction of their movement are controlled by a microprocessor running according to a program stored on a magnetic tape. The crystallizer is placed on the Soviet Orbital Laboratory “MIR”. Basic technological properties of the crystallizer were studied by means of an standard probe connected with a computer and of the special ARP device, respectively. The topic of the study was especially the creation of various types of axial temperature fields and of various temperature gradients, the rate of heating and spontaneous cooling of the furnace, the temperature stability, and so on.

The nature of vapours above calomel up to temperatures of about 500°C was studied by means of absorption, especially in the mercury resonance line at 253.7 nm, what was used as an indication of mercury in the vapour. It was proved that mercury(I) chloride vapour decomposes partially to mercury and mercury(II) chloride only due to impurities. On the contrary, the vapour above calomel of a sufficient purity does not decompose to the mentioned components in the whole temperature range. Es wurde die Zusammensetzung vom Kalomeldampf bis zur Temperatur von 500°C mit Hilfe der Absorptionsmessungen ermittelt. Als Indikator der Anwesenheit von Quecksilber im Dampf wurde die Resonanzlinie von Quecksilber bei 253,7 nm benutzt. Es wurde festgestellt, das Quecksilber(I) chlorid sich bei Anwesenheit von Verunreinigungen teilweise zu Quecksilber und Quecksilber (II) chlorid zersetzt. Die genugend reine Substanz zersetzt sich im ganzen Temperaturbereich nicht in die angefuhrten Komponenten.

The first results of the study of glassy Ge 25 S 55 Sb 20 , prepared under microgravity 10 −6 g and terrestrial conditions are reported. It is shown that the glass prepared in microgravity is more homogeneous and exhibits less tendency to microliquefaction and recrystallization. It can be seen also in differences of the optical and electrical properties of the samples, annealed to the temperature of phase transformation (320°C) and to the temperature of recrystallization (400–425°C). It has been proved, that semiconducting glassy system Ge-S-Sb is useful model material for the systematic study of the influence of the microgravity on the crystallochemical and physical properties of the glassy phase.

The absorption of trivalent bismuth in solutions of sodium chloride of different concentrations was studied. The absorption bands were ascribed to complexes of bismuth with chlorine. The agreement between absorption bands in NaCl and KCl crystals doped with bismuth and in sufficiently concentrated solutions shows that bismuth in these crystals forms an octahedral complex with six neighbouring chlorine ions.

Influence of the nature of heat transfer on crystallization from a cooling solution has been investigated. Sodium polymethylacrylate (PMANa) was used to adjust the viscosity of the medium in the desired way. It was shown that the nature of heat transfer influences the crystallization kinetics and that the absence of convection results in enhanced supercooling. These findings corroborate our interpretation of space experiments /1/. The KNO3-H2O-PMANa system is suitable for a detailed analysis of the influence of zero gravity on the nucleation and crystallization processes.

The hydrolysis of lead chloride by residual water is responsible for the appearance of a second peak in the DTA curve, due to melting of the eutectic PbCl2-PbO in repeated measurement runs on the same sample. This effect has previously been misinterpreted as a solid-solid transition in pure PbCl2.

A special thermographic DTA probe was designed to complet the CSK-1 crystallizer for materials research in space. This equipment is desirable for a deeper understanding of the nature of the solidification under gravity-less conditions. It is shown that the new DTA probe in combination with a specially adapted measuring device ARP (GDR) is suitable for this purpose and the results of measurements are comparable with those obtained with commercial apparatures.

Es wurden Beziehungen fur Berechnung der Ausbreitungsrichtung des Lichtes in doppelbrechenden einachsigen Kristallen fur eine beliebige kristallographische Orientierung des Kristalls und fur einen beliebigen Einfallswinkel des Lichtstrahls in der Ebene des Hauptschnittes abgeleitet. Fur Kalomel (Hg2Cl2) wurden die Brechungswinkel des ordentlichen und auserordentlichen Strahls fur Einfallswinkel von +90° bis −90°, fur Winkel der kristallographischen Orientierung von 1° bis 90° und fur Wellenlangen des Lichtes von 380 nm bis 16 μm berechnet. Relations for a calculation of the direction of spreading of the light through a birefractive uniaxial crystal for an arbitrary angle of the crystallographical orientation and for an arbitrary angle of incidence of the light in the plane of the main section were derived. For a single crystal of calomel (Hg2Cl2) refracting angles of the ordinary and extraordinary ray were computed for angles of the crystallographical orientation from 1° to 90°, for angles of incidence of the light from +90° to −90° and for wave lengths of the light from 380 nm to 16 μm.

First results in the area of studying the influence of gravity field on the degree of ordering of directionally solified eutectict are presented. As the model complex-forming melts, PbCl 2 and its eutectic with AgCl was chosen. Directional solidification of the mentioned eutectic was realised under conditions of zero, normal and increased gravity. It was shown that increasing level of gravity results in a marked improvement of the degree of spacial ordering of the lamelar structure.

A computer technique is outlined to increase the signal: noise ratio of DSC results for transformations involving small changes of energy. The method is applied to determine the transformation temperature of the ferroelectric-paraelectric transformation of lead germanate, Pb5Ge3O11, either pure or doped with Nd3+ or with Nd3++K+.

The process of isothermal etching of calomel (mercurous chloride) crystals in vacuo in the temperature range 80–180°C was studied. The sublimation rate depends not only on temperature but also on the crystallographic orientation. The ratio of the sublimation rate from (001) to that from (110) being roughly 5:1. The relation between chemical bonding and sublimation rate was discussed and the experimental values compared with the Langmuir relationship.

The present work deals with the applicability of the mercurous halide crystals to the production of polarizers of light. The wide transmission region of these crystals mainly in the infrared region allows to use them for wavelenghts up to about 20 mm for mercurous chloride and 30 mm for mecrurous bromide. Especially high double refraction allows a construction of classical polarizer types having very advantageous parameters, i.e. small thickness of the element and large angle of splitting of the ordinary and extraordinary ray. Besides, high double refraction allows an original design of single-piece (monolithic) polarizers which are characterized by relatively simple treatment, high quality and low losses. Die Brauchbarkeit der Kristalle von Halogeniden des einwertigen Quecksilbers fur die Konstruktion optischer Polarizatoren wird behandelt. Die Breite des Gebietes der optischen Duschlassigkeit dieser Kristalle, besonders im Infrarotgebiet, ermoglicht ihre Benutzung bis zu Wellenlangen um 20 mm beim Chlorid und um 30 mm beim Bromid. Besonders die hohen Doppelbrechungswerte bieten die Konstruktion aller Polarizatoren vom klassischem Typ mit sehr vorteilhaften Parametern an, vor allem mit einer kleinen Elementdicke und mit einem grosen Aufspaltungswinkel fur die beiden Strahlen. Auserdem ermoglichen die hohen Doppelbrechungswerte verschiedene nicht traditionelle Losungen von monolitischen Polarisatoren, die sich durch eine relativ einfache Bearbeitung, eine hohe Qualitat und kleine Verluste auszeichnen.

Die thermische Zersetzung von Hg2Cl2 und Hg2Br2 wird durch Gesamtdruckmessungen im Membrannullmanometer uberpruft. Die Zersetzung nach Hg2X2,f = Hg,g + HgX2,g und deren thermodynamische Daten werden bestatigt. Thermical Decomposition of Hg2Cl2 and Hg2Br2 The thermical decomposition of Hg2Cl2 and Hg2Br2 was proved by total pressure measurements in a membrane manometer. The decomposition according to Hg2X2,s = Hg,g + HgX2,g and their thermodynamic data were confirmed.

The absorption and fluorescent spectra of mixed KCl-KBr crystals with lead admixtures were measured. A comparison with the absorption of analogical mixed solutions showed that the displacement of the absorption band of lead towards longer wave-lengths with increasing content of bromide is caused by the creation of mixed complexes. The latter are also responsible for the fluorescence of the crystals.

Es wurden die Photo- und Radiolumineszenz und weitere optische und elektrische Erscheinungen bei NaCl-Kristallen, die Kobalt enthielten, verfolgt. Auf Grund der erzielten Versuchsergebnisse der Spektralzerlegung der Lumineszenz, des Thermoemissions- und Thermolumineszenzverlaufes, der Absorption, der elektrischen Leitfahigkeit usw., werden diese Erscheinungen diskutiert und der Lumineszenzmechanismus bei den Co enthaltenden Kristallen mit den Cd enthaltenden verglichen.

Es werden Versuchsergebnisse des Studiums der Rontgenolumineszenz (RL) von NaCl-Kristallen mit Beimengungen von Elementen der Eisengruppe (Fe, Co, Ni) angefuhrt. Die Kristalle wurden aus der Losung und aus der Schmelze gezuchtet. Das Vorkommen und das Hohenverhaltnis der einzelnen Emissionsbanden werden diskutiert.

The absorption spectra of mixed KCl + KBr crystals with lead added were measured. The main attention was devoted to A bands and their fine structure. Measurements were made at different temperatures. The results are discussed from the point of view of the existence of lead complexes in crystals of alkali halides.

NaCl crystals activated with copper were prepared either from the melt or from an aqueous solution. They were coloured either photochemically or additively. The absorption, luminescence and electron emission were then measured on such crystals. The experimental results show the cause of the different results obtained by different authors and what conclusions can be drawn for the elaboration of models of luminescent centres.

Mittels der polarographischen Methode wurden die Bildungskonstanten der Bleibromokomplexe in Kaliumbromidlosungen berechnet, wobei als hochster der Komplex mit sechs Bromionen ermittelt wurde. Die gemessenen Absorptionsbanden von Blei in verschieden konzentrierten Kaliumbromidlosungen wurden den einzelnen Komplextypen zugeordnet. Auf Grund des Vergleiches des Absorptionsspektrums der mit Blei dotierten Alkali-bromidkristalle und der genugend konzentrierten analogen Losungen ist man zur Ansicht gelangt, das in Kristallen die die Gitterstelle des Alkaliions besetzenden zweiwertigen Bleiionen mit sechs benachbarten Bromionen als Liganden einen oktaedrischen Komplex bilden, analog wie dies bei Alkalichloridkristallen der Fall ist.

Die in dieser Arbeit enthaltenen Ergebnisse betreffend die auf verschiedene Weise zubereiteten Kristalle von NaCl mit Calciumzusatz sind im Abschnitt 3.1 unter den Punkten a) bis e) und im Abschnitt 3.2 unter den Punkten a) bis d) zusammengefast. Im Abschnitt 4 wurden vier Moglichkeiten fur die Erklarung des unterschiedlichen Verhaltens der Kristalle von NaCl-Ca gezuchtet aus der Schmelze bzw. aus der Losung diskutiert. Als am wahrscheinlichsten erscheint die unter d) angefuhrte Moglichkeit, das namlich das optische und elektrische Verhalten dieser Kristalle vorwiegend durch die Hydrolyseprodukte beeinflust wird.

The X-ray luminescence of NaCl crystals with Fe(III) from the melt was studied. The conditions of the occurrence and colour of this luminescence and the luminescence centres are discussed from the point of view of the content of oxygen in crystals.

By means of the method of P. Brauer the energy of built in Ni++-ions in the crystals of LiCl, NaCl and KCl was calculated. The results let understand the differences in the content of nickel in the mentioned crystals.

Es wurde eine Methode zur Reinigung des Silberchlorids von sauerstoffhaltigen Anionenverunreinigungen und kolloidem Silber ausgearbeitet, die das Zonenschmelzen und die Kristallzuchtung in Quarzampullen ermoglichte. Daneben wurde der Verteilungskoeffizient von Magnesium bei der Kristallisation von Silberchlorid aus der Schmelze festgestellt. A method of removal of oxygen impurities and of colloidal silver from AgCl was developed, which made possible zone melting and crystal growth of AgCl in quartz ampullas. In addition the distribution coefficient of Mg in crystallizing AgCl from melts was estimated.

The energy of built-in Ni+ +-ions in an interstitial and in a substitutional position respectively in the crystals of NaCl as well as the energy effect of the building in were calculated. The comparison of results indicates the substitutional position to be more probable.

The absorption spectra of mixed solutions KCl-KI with lead admixture and of crystals of that system, as far as they make fast solutions were measured. From the absorption spectra it was derived that lead builds up mixed complexes in the mentioned system. With the growing relative abundance of iodide in the system the content of the iodide component in complexes increases faster than that one.

Es wird eine Methode zur Vorbereitung von Alkalihalogeniden ohne sauerstoffhaltige Verunreinigungen mittels der Einfuhrung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Halogenierungsmitteln in die Schmelze beschrieben. Die vorbereiteten Einkristalle wiesen keine Absorptionsbanden auf, die den sauerstoffhaltigen Ionen zugeschrieben werden.

Basing on the Pb2+ concentrations in the ”pure” ends of single KCl crystals, at various dopant concentrations in the original melts, as well as on the Pb2+ concentrations along the crystals, the distribution coefficient of the dopant ions is estimated. The origin of possible deviations of experimental data from those calculated according to eq. (1) is discussed and the neccessity of introducing an appropriate correction factor is pointed out (eq. (2)). Gestutzt auf die Pb2+ -Konzentrationen in den „reinen” Enden von KCl-Kristallen – bei verschiedenen Dotierungskonzentrationen in den Ausgangsschmelzen – wie auch auf die Pb2+ -Konzentrationen entlang den Kristallen wird der Verteilungskoeffizient des Dotanden ermittelt. Die Ursache moglicher Abweichungen der experimentellen Daten von den nach Gleichung (1) berechneten wird erortert und die Notwendigkeit der Einfuhrung eines geeigneten Korrekturfaktors deutlich gemacht (Gl. (2)).

Out of the experimental complex known under joint title MORAVA were carried out the experiments devoted to the study of crystallization of lead chloride from eutectic solutions with cuprous chloride and silver chloride under terrestrial conditions and under microgravity conditions. The methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the external shape of the samples, the dimensions and orientation of the lead chloride crystals and the texture of the solidified eutectic. On the basis of the information obtained, samples containing a uniform volume pattern of linear PbCl2 crystals were prepared under terrestrial conditions.

Bei der Bildung einer Blase an der menschlichen Haut lassen sich pathophysiologisch 3 Phasen unterscheiden. 1. eine Phase der Strukturlockerung, eine Lockerung zwischen den Zellen der Epidermis oder zwischen Epidermis und Corium; 2. eine Phase der Kontinuitatstrennung, eine Spaltbildung; 3. eine Phase des Flussigkeitseinstromes.