Search

The paper is focus in the use the optical fiber to measure the temperature in various heigh at the same time to get a temperature vertical variation. The temperature measurements are puntual while the Bragg gratings located in the fiber.

The study describes significant outcomes of the 'Metrology for Meteorology' project, MeteoMet, which is an attempt to bridge the meteorological and metrological communities. The concept of traceability, an idea used in both fields but with a subtle difference in meaning, is at the heart of the project. For meteorology, a traceable measurement is the one that can be traced back to a particular instrument, time and location. From a metrological perspective, traceability further implies that the measurement can be traced back to a primary realization of the quantity being measured in terms of the base units of the International System of Units, the SI. These two perspectives reflect long-standing differences in culture and practice and this project - and this study - represents only the first step towards better communication between the two communities. The 3 year MeteoMet project was funded by the European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) and involved 18 European National Metrological Institutes, 3 universities and 35 collaborating stakeholders including national meteorology organizations, research institutes, universities, associations and instrument companies. The project brought a metrological perspective to several long-standing measurement problems in meteorology and climatology, varying from conventional ground-based measurements to those made in the upper atmosphere. It included development and testing of novel instrumentation as well as improved calibration procedures and facilities, instrument intercomparison under realistic conditions and best practice dissemination. Additionally, the validation of historical temperature data series with respect to measurement uncertainties and a methodology for recalculation of the values were included.

Emmanuel DURAND, L’offre universelle du salut en Christ, Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 2012, 448 pp.

Izquierdo, César. "Jean-Miguel GARRIGUES, Le Dessein divin d’adoption et le Christ Rédempteur. À la lumière de Maxime de Confesseur et de Thomas d’Aquin, Paris: Cerf, 2011, 254 pp.". Scripta Theologica. 46 (2), 2014, 553

Izquierdo, César. "Marie-Dominique GOUTIERRE, Dieu est lumière, Dieu est amour. Lecture théologique de la première épître de saint Jean, Paris: Parole et silence, 2012, 196 pp.". Scripta Theologica. 46 (2), 2014, 563

Vicente VIDE, Comunicar la fe en la ciudad secular. Teología de la comunicación, Santander: Sal Terrae, 2013, 159 pp.

Aurelio FERNÁNDEZ, ¿Hacia dónde camina Occidente? Pasado, presente y futuro de la cultura del siglo XXI, Madrid: BAC, 2012, 532 pp., 13,5 x 20,5, ISBN 978-84-220-1584-0.

Aurelio FERNÁNDEZ, Teología Dogmática. I: Introducción a la Teología, Cristología, La Trinidad, Pneumatología, Mariología; II: Creación, Antropología, Eclesiología, Sacramentos, Escatología, Madrid: BAC, 2012, 640 y 800 pp.

El uso de conjeturas en el estudio de Biblia, y particularmente de la historia de Jesús, puede hacerse de modo impropio, dando lugar a una lectura que reconstruye hechos sin base suficiente. Pero es posible acudir a conjeturas co1no método válido de trabajo cuando van unidas a certezas de otro tipo. Concretamente, tienen una función propia en el encuentro entre la fe y la historia. El artículo ofrece las normas que deben presidir un uso co1Tecto de las conjeturas. The use oj' conjectures in the study qf the Bihfe, and particular/y of tbe history o/ jesu~~ 1nay be done improperly, givíng rise to a reading that reconstructs events without suj}icíent basis. But it is possíble to employ conjectures as a va/id 1nethod in re_r;;earch ivhen they go together tuith other certainlies. Spec(fically, they have a particular role in the encounter between faith and histo1y. Tbe article offers rules that should preside over the proper use of conjectures.

Fabrizio MANDREOLI, La teologia della fede nel De sacramentis Christianae fidei di Ugo di San Vittore, Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2011, 510 pp., 18 x 24,5, ISBN 978-3-402-10426-2.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study. SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the whole population in three Spanish regions. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital with CAP through the emergency department. MEASUREMENTS: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status. The primary study outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall case-fatality rate. Outcome variables of individuals vaccinated with both vaccines were compared with outcomes of those who were unvaccinated. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-eight individuals had received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccination and were compared with 195 unvaccinated individuals. No differences were found with respect to combined antibiotic therapy between groups (38.0% vs 39.7%; P=.80). Similar percentages of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals required ICU admission (7.2% vs 8.2%; P=.69). Mean LOS was significantly shorter in vaccinated individuals (9.9 vs 12.4 days; P=.04). Overall case-fatality rates were similar in both groups (5.9% vs 5.1%; P=.73). After adjustment, LOS, risk of ICU admission, and overall case-fatality rate were not associated with prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of vaccinated older adults hospitalized with CAP were not better than those observed in unvaccinated individuals. J Am Geriatr Soc 59: 1711-1716, 2011.

Reseña de QUADERNI TEOLOGICI DEL SEMINARIO DI BRESCIA, La trasmissione della fede, Brescia: Morcelliana, 2007,368 pp., 15 x 21, ISBN 88-372-2204-8.

Reseña de Massimo EPIS, Teoiogia fondamentale. La ratio della fede cristiana, Brescia: Queriniana, 2009, 704 pp., 17 x 24, ISBN 978-88-399-2402-5.

Objetivo: Demostrar la eficacia y seguridad clínica de la discólisis percutánea con ozono en el tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar sintomática. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo en 41 pacientes diagnosticados de hernia discal lumbar sintomática, a los que se les realizó un total de 49 discólisis percutáneas con ozono durante el período comprendido entre febrero de 2004 y febrero de 2009. Todas las discólisis se realizaron en quirófano, bajo control radioscópico, con medidas de asepsia habitual, anestesia local y sedación. Se administró ozono intradiscal (5 a 7 ml), epidural (5 a 7 ml) y perirradicular (5 a 7 ml) a una concentración de 27 µg. En todos los casos se administró quimioprofilaxis con 1.500 mg de cefuroxima. La eficacia del tratamiento se basó en el control del dolor según la escala visual analógica basal (EVA 0), a los 30 días (EVA 1), a los 90 días (EVA 3) y a los 6 meses (EVA 6) de las discólisis y mediante el test de Lattinen evaluado antes del tratamiento (TLT 0) y al final del estudio (TLT 1). Todos los pacientes fueron preguntados acerca de posibles efectos secundarios y finalmente se registró el grado de satisfacción. Resultados: Se realizaron 49 discólisis percutáneas con ozono en 41 pacientes. La EVA media inicial fue de 7,37 ± 0,96 y la evolución al mes, a los 3 y a los 6 meses fue: 2,41 ± 2,17, 1,80 ± 2,31 y 2,05 ± 2,45, respectivamente, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los 3 cortes. El índice de Lattinen medio inicial fue de 12,68 ± 2,32 y pasó a 6,07 ± 2,91 a los 6 meses, con una reducción también estadísticamente significativa. Solamente 5 pacientes (12,2%) presentaron efectos adversos que consistieron en 4 cefaleas transitorias leves y un neumoencéfalo bastante incapacitante que obligó al paciente a guardar reposo en cama durante 1 semana hasta su reabsorción espontánea. En cuanto a la satisfacción expresada por los pacientes fue buena para 35 (85,4%), regular para 4 (9,8%), y solamente 2 (4,9%) la calificaron de mala. Conclusiones: La discólisis percutánea con ozono se muestra como una técnica eficaz y segura en el tratamiento del dolor lumbar irradiado secundario a hernia de disco lumbar. Objective: To demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous discolysis using ozone in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar hernia. Material and methods: We performed a prospective observational study in 41 patients diagnosed with symptomatic lumbar hernia, in whom we performed 49 percutaneous discolysis procedures introducing ozone in the lumbar region between February 2004 and February 2009. All the procedures were performed in the operating room under radiological guidance, with aseptic conditions, local anaesthesia and sedation. The ozone was introduced into the lumbar disc (5 to 7 ml), in the epidural (5 to 7 ml) and periradicular spaces (5 to 7 ml) at a concentration of 27 Ìg. In all patients, 1500 mg of cefuroxime was administrated intravenously as a prophylactic measure. The effectiveness of the treatment was based on pain control according to the visual analogue scale before the procedure (VAS 0), at 30 days (VAS 1), at 90 days (VAS 3) and at 6 months (VAS 6), and by means of Lattinen's test before treatment and at the end of the study. All the patients were asked about the possible adverse effects of the treatment and a survey was carried out on patient satisfaction with the technique. Results: We performed 49 percutaneous ozone discolysis procedures in 41 patients. The initial mean VAS was 7.37 ± 0.96 and subsequent values were 2.41 ± 2.17 at 1 month, 1.80 ± 2.31 at 3 months and 2.05 ± 2.45 at 6 months, with statically significant differences in the three measurements. The initial mean Lattingen index was 12.68 ± 2.32 and was 6.07 ± 2.91 at 6 months, representing a statically significant reduction. Adverse effects occurred in only five patients (12.2%): four mild transient headaches and one symptomatic pneumoencephalos, requiring bed rest for 1 week until spontaneous reabsorption. The degree of satisfaction was good in 35 patients (85.4%), acceptable in four (9.8%) and bad in only two patients (4.9%). Conclusions: Percutaneous ozone discolysis is a safe and effective technique in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar hernia.