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ABSTRACT: Stature is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameter and its estimation hold a special place in the field of Forensic Anthropometry. The goal of the present study was to correlate and estimate the stature of Banjar tribe of adult males from forearm length of individuals having age group of 20-25, in Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin. The present study was observational analytic with cross sectional approximation. All individuals were measured for height with microtoise and forearm length with metering tape. The data thus obtained has been subjected to statistical computation for deriving the regression equations. The results obtained concluded that forearm length exhibit significant correlation in Banjar tribe of adult male. Keywords: forearm length, stature, anthropology, forensic, banjar tribe ABSTRAK: Tinggi badan adalah salah satu bagian yang paling penting dan berguna dalam parameter antropometri dan estimasi tinggi badan mendapat perhatian khusus dalam bidang Antropometri Forensik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi dan dapat mengestimasi tinggi badan dari pria dewasa suku Banjar dari panjang lengan bawah dari setiap orang yang berusia 20-25 tahun di Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Setiap orang diukur untuk mendapatkan tinggi badan dengan mikrotoa dan panjang lengan bawah dengan pita meter.Data yangdidapatkan dihitung secara komputasi statistik untuk mendapat rumus regresi.Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa panjang lengan bawah berkorelasi signifikan pada pria dewasa suku Banjar. Kata-kata kunci: panjang lengan bawah, tinggi badan, antropologi, forensik, suku banjar

Cedera otak traumatika merupakan kasus yang sering ditemukan yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Hipertensi intrakranial dan edema serebral adalah manifestasi utama dari cedera otak berat, keduanya dikenal sebagai kontributor utama pada cedera otak sekunder dan memiliki luaran neurologis yang buruk. Tatalaksana pasien dengan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial dan edema serebral akibat cedera otak traumatika yaitu mengontrol ventilasi, mempertahankan homeostasis otak dan fungsi tubuh, pemberian sedasi, serta terapi hiperosmolar. Manitol dikenal secara luas sebagai terapi utama pada terapi hipertensi intrakranial, namun larutan salin hipertonik dan natrium laktat hipertonik juga merupakan terapi alternatif yang potensial untuk terapi hipertensi intrakranial. Pemberian obat hiperosmolar pada pasien cedera kepala berat bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar air dalam daerah interstisial otak akibat efek hiperosmolarnya sehingga terjadi penurunan tekanan intrakranial meskipun terdapat beberapa mekanisme lain yang kemungkinan juga terlibat dalam terjadinya penurunan tekanan intrakranial. Sekarang ini efektivitas cairan hiperosmotik dalam mengurangi edema pada jaringan yang pembuluh darahnya mengalami kerusakan masih dipertanyakan. Bahkan penggunaan obat-obatan tersebut sebagai terapi hiperosmolar diduga malah meningkatkan angka kematian karena dapat memperluas edema sehingga semakin memperburuk peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Hyperosmolar Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury is a common case and related with high morbidity and mortality. Intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema are the main manifestation from severe brain injury and known as main contributor for secondary brain injury, with detrimental neurological outcome. Management of elevated intracranial pressure and cerebral edema are controlling ventilation, maintaining brain homeostasis as well as body function, sedation, and hyperosmolar fluid therapy. Mannitol has been widely known as the main therapy for intracranial hypertension, showever, hypertonic saline and hypertonic sodium lactate are considered as potential alternative therapy for intracranial hypertension. The provision of hyperosmolar theraphy for severe head injury patients aims to reduce water content in the interstitial of the brain for its hyperosmolar effect that would decrease intracranial pressure, even though there probably other mechanism which involve for the decrease of intracranial pressure. In present day, the effectiveness of hyperosmolar fluid in reducing edema in the damaged tissue with impared blood vessel remains questionable. Moreover, the usage of those medication as hyperosmolar therapy allegedly increases mortality because it could adjuct the edema which would exacerbate extension of edema which exacerbate the increase of intracranial pressure.

Technology that can be used toassist sperm examination is Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA). The problems with this technology are expensive and the methods are not open for public. A lot of researches have been done to have an altenative CASA’s method to examine sperm quality accurately, inexpensively, and fast. This research is focused on measuring the level of sperm motility. Visual observations of sperm motility greatly depend on each andrologists which are subjective and also the possibility of repetition for the examined sample does not exist. Moreover, visual observation cannot provide precise values for parameters that affect the sperm motion patterns which are Velocity Straight Line, Velocity Curvilinear Line, and Linearity. Focus of this research is to create an application using sperm detection method, Local Adaptive Threshold and Ellipse Detection to measure sperm linearity to determine the level of sperm motility based on the WHO standard. Experiment produces result with the smallest difference 5.7333% and the biggest difference 10.4667% compared to the result of visual analysis by andrologist.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a poorly understood multifactorial pandemic disorder. One of the hallmarks of NAFLD, hepatic steatosis, is a common feature in canine congenital portosystemic shunts. The aim of this study was to gain detailed insight into the pathogenesis of steatosis in this large animal model. Hepatic lipid accumulation, gene-expression analysis and HPLC-MS of neutral lipids and phospholipids in extrahepatic (EHPSS) and intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) was compared to healthy control dogs. Liver organoids of diseased dogs and healthy control dogs were incubated with palmitic- and oleic-acid, and lipid accumulation was quantified using LD540. In histological slides of shunt livers, a 12-fold increase of lipid content was detected compared to the control dogs (EHPSS P

Copper is an essential trace element, but can become toxic when present in abundance. The severe effects of copper-metabolism imbalance are illustrated by the inherited disorders Wilson disease and Menkes disease. The Labrador retriever dog breed is a novel non-rodent model for copper-storage disorders carrying mutations in genes known to be involved in copper transport. Besides disease initiation and progression of copper accumulation, the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in progression towards copper-associated chronic hepatitis still remain unclear. Using expression levels of targeted candidate genes as well as transcriptome micro-arrays in liver tissue of Labrador retrievers in different stages of copper-associated hepatitis, pathways involved in progression of the disease were studied. At the initial phase of increased hepatic copper levels, transcriptomic alterations in livers mainly revealed enrichment for cell adhesion, developmental, inflammatory, and cytoskeleton pathways. Upregulation of targeted MT1A and COMMD1 mRNA shows the liver's first response to rising intrahepatic copper concentrations. In livers with copper-associated hepatitis mainly an activation of inflammatory pathways is detected. Once the hepatitis is in the chronic stage, transcriptional differences are found in cell adhesion adaptations and cytoskeleton remodelling. In view of the high similarities in copper-associated hepatopathies between men and dog extrapolation of these dog data into human biomedicine seems feasible.

Sindroma Apert adalah suatu gangguan genetik yang ditandai dengan penggabungan tulang yang terlalu dini (kraniosinostosis). Penggabungan dini tersebut menghambat pertumbuhan normal tulang dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bentuk kepala dan wajah. Penggabungan dini tulang kepala dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan otak bahkan menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, dan pada sindroma Apert juga didapatkan penggabungan beberapa jari tangan dan kaki (sindaktili). Seorang anak berusia 2 tahun dengan sindroma Apert. Tanda klinis peningkatan tekanan intrakranial belum didapatkan sehingga operasi dijadwalkan terencana dan pasien dirawat terlebih dahulu di ruangan. Kemungkinan kesulitan untuk intubasi dengan laringoskopi diantisipasi dengan persiapan intubasi menggunakan optik fiber dan trakeostomi. Pasien diberikan premedikasi midazolam 0,5 mg intravena pada saat pasien akan dibawa ke kamar operasi. Dilakukan anestesi umum, induksi menggunakan propofol 30 mg, fentanil 30 μg diberikan 3 menit sebelum intubasi. Fasilitas intubasi dengan vekuronium 2 mg, pemeliharaan anestesi dengan N2O/O2 dan Sevofluran. Vekuronium diberikan 1 mg /jam. Ventilasi kendali menggunakan ETT no. 5,0. Operasi berlangsung selama 6 jam dengan posisi pasien terlentang. Hemodinamik selama operasi relatif stabil, tekanan darah sistolik berkisar 90-110 mmHg, tekanan darah diastolik 50-70 mmHg, laju nadi (HR) 87-110 x/mnt, SaO2 99-100 %. Setelah operasi berakhir pasien bernafas spontan adekuat dan dilakukan ekstubasi di kamar operasi. Pasca operasi pasien di rawat di PICU hingga hari ke-4 pasien dipindahkan ke ruangan. Gangguan penggabungan tulang kepala yang terlalu dini dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan bentuk kepala, otak dan gangguan pendengaran dan penglihatan. Selain itu juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Koreksi segera dengan melakukan suturektomi dan dekompresi dapat mencegah kemungkinan-kemungkinan tersebut. Anaesthetic management of patient with Apert syndrome which undergo suturectomy Apert syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. Early fusion of the skull bones also affects the development of the brain and even can increased the intracranial pressure. In apert syndrome there was also fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly). A 2 years old child with Apert syndrome which undergo suturectomy and decompression. The clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure in this patient has not been obtained yet so the surgery was done as scheduled . Difficulties to perform intubation with direct laryngoscopy were anticipated through the use of fiber optic and preparation of tracheostomy. Patient has been given premedication using midazolam 0,5 mg given intravenously before his admission to the operating room. The surgery is performed with general anesthesia using propofol 30 mg then fentanyl 30mcg, 3 minutes before intubation. Vecuronium 2mg was given to facilitates intubation. Maintenance of anesthesia with Nitroons/O2 sevoflurane and Vecuronium 1mg/hour. Ventilation was controlled by using ETT no 5.0. Patient was in supine position, and it last for 6 hours. There was relatively stable hemodynamics, systolic blood pressure range 90-110 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 50-70 mmHg, pulse rate 87-110x/minutes, SaO2 99-100%. After the operation, there was adequate spontaneous breathing so extubation was performed in the operating room, then he was referred to PICU. On day 4 patient was moved to the room. Premature fusion of skull bones will cause growth disorders of the head, brain, and hearing and vision impairment. It also can cause increased intracranial pressure. Immediate correction by suturectomy and decompression can prevent this possibility.

Indonesia is ranked fifth among countries with the highest burden of stunting in children under five. This study aims to examine the determinants of stunting in children aged 0−2 years in Indonesia using data derived from the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Twenty potential predictors of stunting, categorized into household and housing characteristics; maternal and paternal characteristics; antenatal care services and child characteristics were analyzed. Multilevel analyses were performed to examine the role of cluster/district/provincial differences, as well as individual/household level characteristics and stunting status. Of 24,657 children analyzed, 33.7% (95%CI: 32.8%−34.7%) were stunted. The odds of stunting increased significantly among children living in households with three or more children under five-years-old (aOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03−1.72), households with five to seven household members (aOR =1.11; 95%CI: 1.03−1.20), children whose mothers during pregnancy attended less than four antenatal care services (aOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08−1.39), boys (aOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.22−1.45), children aged 12−23 months (aOR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.54−2.32), and children who weighed

Background Endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has been the gold standard since it was established in 1991. Various graft configurations have been developed to overcome the limitations of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), including contralateral gate cannulation (CGC). We propose a new device and technique intended to simplify endovascular AAA repair, along with reports of its application in six patients. Intervention The Taofan and Kang (T&K) bidirectional endovascular aortic repair (B-EVAR (B-EVAR) device uses a main-body stent graft, two-limb extensions, and bare metal stent. The procedure involved accessing the right and left femoral arteries, followed by standard aortography evaluation using a pigtail catheter through the contralateral femoral access. The main body stent graft is deployed through ipsilateral femoral access using a balloon catheter, while the contralateral gate is cannulated with a hydrophilic coated wire. Both balloons were inflated simultaneously to ensure that the wires were in different lumens. Contralateral and ipsilateral extensions were deployed using a limb extension stent graft. Standard aortography evaluation was repeated. Result T&K B-EVAR pilot procedures proved successful in various cases, from simple to complex anatomy, and even with varied graft stent deployment strategies. None of the patients had complications or prolonged length of stay (LOS). Follow-up CT did not reveal any high-pressure endoleaks. Conclusion T&K B-EVAR has been proven to simplify endovascular AAA repair in six patients with excellent results. It is also reproducible, potentially universally applicable, and can offer operators ease of use, faster procedure times, reduced fluoroscopy times, and reduced contrast usage.

Background Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) or Leriche syndrome, is a form of peripheral arterial disease involving the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries. The presentation of AIOD ranges from asymptomatic cases to limb-threatening emergencies. Advances and innovations in endovascular devices have replaced traditional surgical interventions for the management of AIOD. Here we report a case of a 52-year-old man presenting with AIOD managed by endovascular approach using kissing stent technique. Case presentation A 52-year-old man, with history of chronic coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, long-standing hypertension, and a significant history of smoking, was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of long-standing bilateral claudication which recently progressed to rest pain. A history of AIOD was previously established. AIOD (TASC II Type D) diagnosis was made by lower extremity duplex ultrasound and CT angiography. The patient underwent urgent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with kissing stent technique. The patient was discharged 4 days after the procedure without any significant complaints, received best medical therapy. Conclusion Endovascular interventions present excellent alternatives to surgical techniques in the treatment of complex AIOD. Herein we presented an endovascular treatment of AIOD utilizing the kissing stent technique which showed satisfactory outcomes.

Background Active venous leg ulcer (VLU) is the most severe manifestation of chronic venous disease which not only affects patients’ health, but also decreases the quality of life, and delivers economic burdens. Treatment of superficial venous reflux with early endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has been associated with reducing ulcer recurrence levels and promoting faster VLU healing. We reported three cases of patients with active VLU undergoing EVLA with different approaches. Case illustration Three patients came with complaint of leg ulcer, diagnosed with C6sEpAsdPr, with venous clinical severity scores (VCSS) of 15, 23, and 22 respectively. Severe great saphenous veins (GSV) reflux was found in all patients by duplex ultrasound examination. The second patient had undergone above-the-knee EVLA. All patients underwent EVLA using 1470-nano meter wavelength laser device and ELVeS radial fiber (Biolitec, Bonn, Germany). The laser energy protocol used was 6 W linear endovenous energy density (LEED) 50 J/cm for proximal until media ATK GSV ablation, 5 W LEED 40 J/cm for media ATK until proximal below-the-knee (BTK) GSV, and 2 W LEED 20 J/cm for proximal until distal BTK GSV. The third patient was also treated with EVLA for small saphenous vein severe reflux. Follow-up until 6 months post-EVLA showed significant healing of the ulcer with 14, 16, and 17 VCSS reduction consecutively without any complication. Conclusion We’ve reported three cases of patients with active VLU undergoing EVLA until BTK with significant results. The EVLA of GSV until BTK where there is still significant reflux is safe and provides satisfactory results in patients with VLU.

Background Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is commonly fatal, with an overall mortality rate of nearly 90%, and the risk of subsequent rupture remains high, especially in large aneurysm diameters or progressive disease. Unfavorable neck anatomy in EVAR is linked to early graft failure and long-term complications. Recently, a novel multiple stiff wire (MSW) technique has been developed to overcome the challenges of hostile neck anatomy without introducing additional devices and procedural complexity. It has also been feasible in a series of elective cases. In this case, we report the first-ever utilization of the MSW technique in an emergency case of an acute contained rAAA with a conical-shaped, severely angulated neck who underwent Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). Case presentation A 61-year-old man came with intermittent sharp stomach pain radiating to his back since three weeks ago. Physical examination showed elevated blood pressure and anemic conjunctiva. Laboratory examinations showed anemia, leukocytosis, elevated D-dimer level, high creatinine level, and low eGFR. CT-Scan Angiography (CTA) revealed severely hostile anatomy, a conical-shaped abdominal aorta aneurysm with a length of 13.2 cm and a maximum diameter of 9.3 cm with angulation of 90.1°. The patient was diagnosed with Ruptured AAA with a conical-shaped, severely angulated neck. Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) management with MSW technique was planned for him. After four days, The patient was discharged in a clinically stable condition with optimal medical treatment and education. Conclusion The endovascular approach could be performed in emergency settings and has been proven to reduce length of stay, mortality, and morbidity rates. In this case, the endovascular approach with the MSW technique showed promising results for the patient.

Problem-solving is the essence of mathematics and is the main goal in learning mathematics. Many students did not have good problem-solving skills based on the field observations. The problems grew up because the students were not used to solving the problems and the problem-solving stages. They did not include issues with high complexity, such as questions with the High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) category. The problem-solving steps have been developed, such as; Dewey (1910), Polya (1945), Mason, Burton & Stacey (1982), Schoenfeld (1985), and Wilson et al. (1993). The objective of this current study was to analyze the stages of problem-solving in solving mathematical problems with the High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) category. The research sample was 57 students of Mathematics Education in one of Private University of Indonesia who took the Integral Calculus subject. This research was a qualitative descriptive study. The data analysis employed an inductive approach where the conclusions were drawn from minor case investigations to provide comprehensive results. The data analysis consisted of reduction data, presentation data, and concluding. There are three results from the current research. First, the students have not implemented problem-solving with problem-solving stages; second, The students fail to solve the problems due to a lack of mathematical literacy skills; last. The incomplete mathematization process causes imperfect problem-solving. Based on the results, the research recommendation is to add stages of problem-solving with two steps: formulating the situation mathematically and understanding mathematical solutions in real life or problems.

This study aims to analyze the performance of school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also aims to analyze the effect of principal's performance, teacher competence and school climate on teacher's performance. In addition, this paper investigates the mediating role of teacher competence and school climate on the relationship of principal's performance and teacher's performance. The sample in this study was schoolteachers in Central Java. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The research respondents were 200 public and private teachers consisting of elementary, junior high, and senior high school teachers. The data collection method used was questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed online via google forms. The data analysis method used was path analysis. The results showed that the principal's performance was in the good category in terms of five dimensions (managerial, supervision, entrepreneurship, social, and personality). The principal's performance significantly influences the teacher's performance. The principal's performance is also a significant determinant of school climate, although it has not been proven to significantly influence teacher competence. Other results indicate that school climate and teacher competence are significant determinants of teacher performance. School climate and teacher competence have a mediating role in the relationship between principal's performance and teacher performance. The implication of this research is the importance of improving the performance of school principals during the pandemic because it will be able to significantly determine the school climate and teacher's performance. Strengthening the performance of school principals can be done by providing regular direction and monitoring by authorized parties such as school supervisors, education offices, and other officials.

Wound is a loss or discontinuity of tissue which happen because external factor disrupts the barrier of the body. Wound healing process can be classified into: hemostatic & inflammation phase, proliferation phase and remodelling phase. The physiological process of wound healing is influenced by some factors, abnormalities of this process will result in abnormal tissue. Wound care purpose is to assist these physiological process of wound healing effectifely in the shortest time possible. Wound care procedure vary based on the wound type but can be divided into two main point which is wound cleaning by irrigation or debridement and wound closure.