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Loading and unloading works are intermediary activities in the logging operation. The logs after being felled/cut down in the forest will be of economic values when they cannot be brought to the inherent processing industrie. Light­weight and small­size logs favor manual work in their handling as long as man power is available. Heavy­weight and large­size logs, however, necessitate an auxiliary heavy­duty equipment, since the manual work is sometimes no longer effective for loading­related operation, e.g. hoisting, placing, regulating their position, etc. The unloading of such logs, conversely, turns out to be easier, but can pose a dangerous threat. Therefore, cautious care is necessary. In dealing with loading/unloading problems as such particularly in plantation forest, a special equipment that is simple in design has been devised, called as Exp­2000. The equipment, wich is powered by 11­HP's diesel engine, can also perform the skidding­operation. The overall cost in devising the Exp­2000 's equipment was Rp. 50,000,000. The trial test as performed on the equipment revealed the following results: . • The average loading and loading productivities were consecutively 9.54 m3 per hour and 13.18 m3 per hour. • Cost of loading as well as unloading was Rp. 1.597,48 per m3. • The average skidding productivity was 0.5053 m3.hm/hour with skidding cost at Rp 30,160 per m3. The skidding cost might be reduced to Rp. 21,165 per m3 and concurrently the productivity increased to 2.25 m3per hour, if the more powerful diesel engine, e.g. 25 HP were used.

A research on the improvement of lac harvesting system had been conducted in Probolinggo Forest Districts. Unit II Perum Perhutani, East Java. Harvesting system and plantation site were observed to find higher lac production. The result are as follows : -- The selective system is better than total cut system in producing lac. --The plantation on top of the hill produce more lac than other places due to the richness of sun shine.

Thia ptJPB preaenta the re1ult1 •of invatifOtion on tapping design1 manipulation to increae relin• yield of A,aihiaap. cawied out in Wono10bo Sub Fore1t Diatrict, Purworejo Fore1t District, Unit 11 Perum Perhutani Central Java, in 1989. The objective iB to (ind out the tapping design that can increaae retin yield. For thit purpo•, the 1lanted and horizontal tappi1111 daigna were applied. Data obtained were analysed by uaing neated desilnl with 2 x 6 'x 4 (acto1'1. The retult• are as foUowa : I. An awrage reain yie1d of .Agathia ap. in Wonoaobo Sub Foreat District was 2.4 7 gram/tree/day with the ro111e between O. 71 and 8.29 gram/tree/day. 2. The Average rain y1Bld1 of Alatbia 1p. uting 1lanted and horizontal tapping design1 were 2.80 and 2.66 gram/tree/day, re1Pectively. 3. The average rain yield• of Agathia 1p. in February, .March, April, .May and June were 1.88, 2.62, 2.62, 2.66 and 2.69 1n1m/tree/day, rapectively. . 4. The average rain yields of Agathia 1p. at the fir•t, second, third and fourth tappings were. 2.36, 2.46, 2.63 and 2.66 gram/tree/day, respectively. 5. The rain yields among tapping months were different significantly while the resin yields either between tappfn6 deligna or amorw tapping (requencie1 were not Bignificantly different. Compered to relin yield of horizontal tappin6 de.Wn. the rain yield of 1lanted ta~ping deBign wa• 16% higher.

The relationship between tree crown diameter and/or tree height which measured from aerial photos in tropical rain forest is the object of this study. Result of model analysis by crown diameter and tree height variable are as follows : • In the harvested primary forest condition, the most appropriate model for all tree samples is : Y = 30,615 -1,580 D + 1,247 T + 0,037 D2 -0,021 DT with coefficient correlation r = 0,9637. • The most appropriate model by crown diameter variable in the harvested primary forest condition for all trees samples is : Y = 1,732 + 0,214 D with r = 0,2971. For Meranti species, the most appropriate model is : Y = 6,684 - 0,555 D + 0,020 D2 with r = 0,664 and for Ulin species is: Y = - 37,736 + 2,738 D - 0,036 D2 with r = 0, 776. 3. The model and its analysis are valid for East Kalimantan only.

Three methode for tapping pine tree resin. i.e., 3 x 4 cm, 1,5 x8 cm and Indian tapping method were investigated in Cianjur Forest District in 1988. To increase the resin yield, sulphuric acid (H2S04) with 0%, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % con- cetratation were used. Each tapping method was applied on fourty pine trees. The results are as fallows : 1.Using stimulant with the three methods of tapping increase the resin yield. 2.From the. three tapping methods applied, Indian tapping method showed the highest resin yield, i.e. 12. 72 gram/tree/day. 3.Indian tapping method gives Rp 5/kg profit. This value was found by subtracting selling price (Rp, 150/kg) with production cost (Rp. 145/kg).

An investigation on residual stand damages caused by skidding tractor on several stand density levels was carried out at PT Sumpol Timber in South Kalimantan in 1987. Forty five sample plots were selected randomly in this research. The purpose is to gather information about the resdiual stand damages caused by skidding tractor on several stand density levels. The result of investigation reveals that : 1. The number of trees having diameter of 20 cm and up varies from 80 to 300 trees/ha with an average of 190.22 trees/ha. 2. The residual stand damages for the area with stand densities ot < 150, 150 -199, and > 200 trees/ha were 16, 7, 28.3,and 39. 0 trees/ha, respectively. They are significantly different. 3. It is suggested that the skidding operations, especially in high stand density levels, be done with better planning in-order to save powers, costs and resources.

Numerical and experimental studies for crack detection in beam employing transverse impact are presented. In the numerical study, a beam model of wave propagation is developed to calculate the time history of beam response before, over and after the crack region. It is expected that the resulting wave in the beam will be scattered by the crack and will carry information on the location and geometry of the crack. Experiments using a scanning laser vibrometer on specimens containing simulated crack are then conducted to verify the numerical results. Comparison study between the numerical results and experimental observations are conducted; good correlation between theory and experiment is observed. The beam model of wave propagation and adaptive multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) are then used for inverse identification of crack parameters (i.e., crack location, depth and length) in the beams. Time-domain displacement responses calculated using the present beam model containing predetermined crack parameters are used as training data for the MLP. Once the MLP is trained, the MLP networks are then employed for inverse determination of an unknown crack in a beam using experimental displacement responses measured with a scanning laser vibrometer. Examples show that the procedure performs well for the determination of a wide range of values for the location, depth and length of the crack. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Incarcerated inguinal hernia is a commonly encountered urgent surgical condition, and tension-free repair is a well-established method for the treatment of noncomplicated cases. However, due to the risk of prosthetic material-related infections, the use of mesh in the repair of strangulated or incarcerated hernia has often been subject to debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that biomaterials represent suitable materials for performing urgent hernia repair. Certain studies recommend mesh repair only for cases where no bowel resection is required; other studies, however, recommend mesh repair for patients requiring bowel resection as well. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques performed for strangulated hernia, and to evaluate the effect of mesh use on postoperative complications. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with 151 patients who had been admitted to our hospital’s emergency department to undergo surgery for a diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia. The patients were divided into two groups based on the applied surgical technique. Group 1 consisted of 112 patients treated with mesh-based repair techniques, while Group 2 consisted of 39 patients treated with tissue repair techniques. Patients in Group 1 were further divided into two sub-groups: one consisting of patients undergoing bowel resection (Group 3), and the other consisting of patients not undergoing bowel resection (Group 4). Results: In Group 1, it was observed that eight (7.14%) of the patients had wound infections, while two (1.78%) had hematomas, four (3.57%) had seromas, and one (0.89%) had relapse. In Group 2, one (2.56%) of the patients had a wound infection, while three (7.69%) had hematomas, one (2.56%) had seroma, and none had relapses. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). In Group 3, it was observed that one (6.7%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (6.7%) had a hematoma, one patient (6.7%) had seroma, and none had relapses. In Group 4, seven (7.2%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (1%) had a hematoma, three (3%) had seromas, and one (1%) had a relapse. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). Conclusion: In urgent groin hernia repair surgeries, polypropylene mesh can be safely used even in the patients undergoing bowel resection.

This paper presents the resull an invaligation of the relationship between tree diameter and copal production in the Agathis spp tapping. Copal lappings were done using slanted and horizontal tapping patterns on the Agathis trees having diameter between 24 and 40 cm with the age of 20 years. The results of data analysis are as follows : 1. At the even age Agathis trees, there was no relationship between tree diameter and copal production. 2.Viewing from the coefficient of determination, the contribution of slanted tapping pallern was 12% and horizontal tapping pattern was 1%. Other factors that may affect copal production are the color of bark and leaf, crown size and the direction of resin canal. 3.Better relationship between diameter and copal production may be obtained if the size of tapping quare is proportional to tree diameter/perimeter. 4.Further investigation, by including other variables, is suggested in order to formulatete better relationship.

An investigation into tapping of Agathis spp. using several methods has been carried out in Malang Forest District, Unit II Perum Perhutani, East Java, in 1983. The methods are designed to increase resin yield per unit time by manipulating tapping time, duration and covers and orientation. The investigation reveals that: 1. Average resin production of the Agathis spp. for one week to two weeks times using of black and white plastic covers are respectively 9,85 gram/tree and 9,61 gram/tree. Without plastic cover the yield is 7, 76 gram/tree, shightly lower then when they are covered. 2. The application of black plastic cover at tapping his significantly increased the yield up to 26,9% and those covered with white plastic of 23,8"7o. In both cases the resin yield is significantly higher compared to result obtained when tapping was carried out without cover. 3. Average resin yield at tapping face oriented to in east and west from one to two weeks are 7,48 gram/tree and 11,26 gram/tree, respectively. 4. The tapping face oriented to the west increases the resin yield up to 50,5% compared with that oriented to the east. 5. The average resin yield for one and two week are respectively 8,57 gram/tree and 9,95 gram/tree. Duration of tapping of the Agathis spp. for one and two week does not effect the production level. Therefore 2 week tappin~ is not recomended.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a fatal central nervous system disease commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, and rarely affects immunocompetent patients. We report a 51-year-old previously well male who presented with giddiness, altered sensorium and intermittent fever. India Ink stain and cryptococcal antigen test of cerebral spinal fluid were both positive. Immunodeficiency screening was negative. Although MRI brain demonstrated several features that are characteristic, they are unfortunately non-specific. It is important to realise immunocompetence does not exclude one from contracting cryptococcal meningitis, and a high index of suspicion with consideration of various imaging differentials and biochemical markers is helpful in narrowing down the diagnosis.

Aim: Since radical surgical methods in the treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver have been replaced by less invasive surgical interventions nowadays, partial cystectomy and tube drainage (PCTD) have been more popular. The evaluation of PCTD technique was aimed using the data obtained from the medical records of patients who had been operated on in our surgical clinic. Methods: Data of patients who had been operated on using the PCTD technique between 2007 and 2012 were compared with those of patients in whom different surgical methods had been employed. The PCTD and control groups consisted of 41 and 14 patients, respectively. The study was conducted retrospectively according to the hospital data and patient files, surgery and pathology records in addition to computer data and verbal information of the patients. Chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis where a p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects in the PCTD and control groups were 48 and 33.21 years, respectively. PCTD (n=41) and control (n=14) groups consisted of 22 females versus 19 males and 11 females versus 3 males, respectively. Single cysts were found in 34 patients in PCTD group versus multiple cysts in the remaining 7. Single cyst was found in 10 patients in the control group versus multiple cysts in the remaining 4. Bilateral cyst/cysts in 7, right-sided in 29 and left-sided in 5 patients in PCTD group versus bilateral cyst/cysts in 1, right-sided cyst/cysts in 11 and left-sided cyst/cysts in 2 patients in the control group were found. Complications occurred in 3 of 41 (7.31%) and in 2 of 14 (14.28%) patients in the PCTD and control groups, respectively. PCTD applicability statistically significantly correlated with male gender and the presence of a single cyst, but age and location of the cyst. Moreover, complication rate was significantly lower in the PCTD group than in controls. Conclusion: PCTD is a reliable and easily applicable method of choice when compared to other surgical interventions with less complication rates.

Bezoars are solid mass of a indigestible material accumulating in the gastrointestinal tract. Although rarely, bezoars may cause gastrointestinal obstruction. We aimed to present the case of a patient presenting with the complaint of vomiting in whom a diagnosis could not be established for a long period of time.

Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used in the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical obstructive jaundice. Since ERCP is an invasive interventional procedure and because of its complications, ERCP should be supported by previous magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). We aimed to evaluate the place of MRCP-guided ERCP as a diagnostic method. Methods: Findings of 120 patients who had undergone ERCP after MRCP because of obstructive jaundice in our clinic between 2010 and 2013 were compared in the study. The patients were divided into three groups according to MRCP findings. Patients with calculi, sludge, and dilatation of the bile duct (group 1), subjects with external pressure in the common bile duct, cancer, stricture and dilatation of the common bile duct (group 2) and those with normal findings (group 3) constituted these three groups. Since all patients in the groups underwent ERCP after MRCP, ERCP findings were evaluated and compared according to previous MRCP results using a chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the 120 patients with obstructive jaundice (73 females, 47 males ) was 62 years. There was a positive correlation between MRCP and ERCP findings in 53 of 56, in 44 of 45 and 4 of 19 patients in the three groups, respectively. Moreover, the underlying pathology in 15 of 19 patients with normal findings in MRCP could be detected with ERCP. The overall correlation of MRCP with ERCP was 84% and this correlation was statistically significant (p=0.015). Conclusion: In this study, MRCP findings were well correlated with ERCP findings and MRCP decreased the rate of unnecessary diagnostic ERCP procedures.

Objective: To explore the differences existing between the levels of oxidative stress in peripheral and mesenteric serum in patients with colorectal cancer. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery between May 2005 and March 2010 were prospectively analyzed. The differences between oxidative stress parameters in their peripheral and mesenteric blood were measured. The associations between peripheral and mesenteric levels and the staging and clinicopathological variables were investigated.Results: Oxidative stress parameters were higher in patients with advanced tumor staging (p

Human capital has been the most crucial current topic of this modern life. Competition in business and industry requires human resource that spells excellence, knowledgeable, discipline and visionary. With the rise of conscious market-driven community, many have concluded that to achieve the highest stake in business is to simultaneously reconstruct the moral consciousness. Henceforth, learning from past leaders, their legacy has been left with much to be desired by shortcomings, conflicts of interest and at times, destructions. In promoting the virtuous awareness, education has to take the lead through human capital development. In the attempt to apply the landmark practices of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and his management principles, this discursive overview intends to provide the application of the prophetic tradition in the management field as the foundation for application in aspects of discipline which include business, law, education, just to state a few. Therefore, this paper intends to study the Islamic management elements of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) by providing insights to the following questions. The first question is, how does human capital development raise moral consciousness in terms of business practices set forth by prophetic tradition? Can current situations apply such emulations of managing human capital and hence, enhance the quality of our life within the family, in the community and for the nation? With the increasingly diverse expectations, management practices and skills of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) contribute to provide the pathway of managing the human capital development presented as answers to the above questions.

This patient is a 64-year-old man who presented with painless progressive blurring of vision for one year. After a routine fundoscopy preceded by dilatation of both eyes with a drop of topical tropicamide, the left eye was noted to have stromal edema temporally. This was attributed to the preservative (BAC) in the medication. The stromal oedema persisted over the following weeks despite administration of a topical steroid, and was associated with deterioration in visual acuity to 6/30 (PH 6/21). This case reminds us that clinicians should be vigilant during instillation of any preservative-containing drops, even in routine practices like dilatation. Far from being restricted to chronic use of preservative-containing drugs, toxicity with BAC can occur even upon a single application. Ideally, all eyedrops should be single-use topical drug formulations, but in the absence of this option, it is imperative that ophthalmic drug prescription be done with adequate clinical justification.

Malaysia is considered one of the countries experiencing rapid growth in motorization, automobile and transportation systems. Walking is a major mode of transportation in developing countries where most road user are pedestrians who spend significant time on roads and using the road facilities. Department of Road Safety (JKJR) Malaysia statistics recorded that pedestrian is the third highest category involved in traffic accident after the car and motocycle drivers. The potential cause of death to the pedestrian was lack of using crossing facilities and careless crossing. The main strategy can be used to reduce the severity of pedestrian fatalities by using proper safe crossing facilities. To have better understanding of pedestrian behaviour, extended theory of planned behaviour used to predict the behavioral intention and to increase the proper usage of crossing facilities among Malaysian pedestrians. Full structured models are proposed and to be tested so that, the significant predictor can be identified. In future works, a factor analysis, known as Structural Equation Model (SEM) will be used in modeling exercise. The hypothesis testing will be conducted to determine the significance of the constructs. Furthermore, it will have great significance for the future on how to better utilize and enhance the pedestrian to use crossing facilities.

This article present about relapse among drug addicts in rehabilitation center. In Malaysia, many drug addicts relapse to drug use after discharged from successful treatment at rehabilitation center. Various effort and the authorities involved in assisting the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) efforts to cure and treat drug addicts. This article aims to examine the factors that affect relapse among drug addicts. Therefore, this article will discuss aspects of psychosocial factors including self-efficacy, family support, friends support and community support. Psychosocial factors, such as aspects of self-efficacy, family support, friends support and community support, had significant relationships with relapse. Psychological factors are also vital to design adequate treatment strategies. Thus, this article evaluating psychosocial factor as main factors that influenced the relapse addictions tendency amongst addicts.

Legal, contractual issues and the absence of appropriate protocols have been ranked as critical barriers associated with the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM). As to date, these issues are under studied and there is lack of framework addressing legal and contractual measures ensuring contract best practice in BIM project setting and legal environment in Malaysia. This research attempts to review legal issues and two common local standard forms of contract in order to highlight provisions to suit BIM practice. The potential legal issues that were drawn from literature review are ownership of BIM model, intellectual property rights, level of development of the model, model management, allocation of risk, and schedule of deliverables. Appropriate adjustment or inclusion of the clauses or the contract contents is proposed, it could then be made to fit BIM practice.

This study delves into the ngalai ritual performance practiced by Bajau Samah community in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia which serves as a healing method. The study was done using a qualitative approach through the ethnographic strategy application concentrating on the relationship between behaviour and culture. In terms of performance, ngalai is a combination of the elements of dance, singing, music and acting. Traditionally, the ngalai ritual is performed for healing purposes that is based on the animistic religious beliefs which is derived from believe in the existence of spirits (metaphysical entity). Individual who is able to see spirits is said to be capable and have the privilege of curing a disease caused by tulah (plague) due to the interference of spirits. “The community of ngalai practitioners believe that the physical world is influenced by the metaphysical world, especially where it concerned the existence of other worldly beings, the myths and spirits associated with their ancestors. They also believe that the places they inhabit are also shared with the presence of these other worldly, spiritual beings. Based on these beliefs, offerings are prepared and rituals are done in the ngalai performance with the main aim of respecting and asking permission from these spiritual beings to help with the healing process.” The healing aspect in ngalai is categorized as communal healing as well as “faith healing”, referring to “the ritual practice that relates to religious beliefs and healing” that happen following the method adopted involving patients and the public. Thus, this study seeks to present a justification of ngalai ritual performance that serves as a medium of healing and is still significant in the present context.

Quality of work life is becoming an imperative issue to achieve the goals of the organization in every sector whether it is education, tourism, service sector, manufacturing, banking sector and other. Quality of work life it about work environment, reward, organizational commitment, recognition, participative management, work life balance, welfare facilities, proper grievances handling, job satisfaction and other. High quality of work life can give a result in better organizational performance, effectiveness and innovativeness. Quality of work life also affects the social responsibility. This is because quality of work life can improves the family life as well as work life of the individual. This paper focuses and analyse the literature review on the quality of teacher work life.justified.

The objective of the study is to discuss the roles of board of directors in the establishment of risk management committee for Malaysian’s public listed companies. In Malaysia, based on the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG), (2007; 2012) clearly stated the role and responsibility of the board of directors toward the risk management activities. At the Corporate Governance Week 2010 and 2011 as well, the chairman of the Security Commission Malaysia highlighted the responsibility of the board of directors in risk management processes and she expressed concern over the failure of the board of directors to establish appropriate measures for the risk management process in the company. The statement of the chairman of Security Commission Malaysia is in line with MCCG’s best practices (2000; 2007; 2012), i.e., the board of directors should identify principle risks and ensure the implementation of an appropriate system to manage these risks.

Aim. To report a rare case of arteriovenous malformation in temporal lobe presenting as contralateral orbital symptoms mimicking carotid-cavernous fistula. Method. Interventional case report. Results. A 31-year-old Malay gentleman presented with 2-month history of painful progressive exophthalmos of his left eye associated with recurrent headache, diplopia, and reduced vision. Ocular examination revealed congestive nonpulsating 7 mm exophthalmos of the left eye with no restriction of movements in all direction. There was diplopia in left lateral gaze. Left IOP was elevated at 29 mmHg. Left eye retinal vessels were slightly dilated and tortuous. CT scan was performed and showed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with a nidus of 3.8 cm × 2.5 cm with right middle cerebral artery as feeding artery. There was dilated left superior ophthalmic vein of 0.9 mm in diameter with enlarged left cavernous sinus. MRA and carotid angiogram confirmed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with no carotid-cavernous fistula. Most of the intracranial drainage was via left cavernous sinus. His signs and symptoms dramatically improved following successful embolisation, completely resolved after one year. Conclusion. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation is rarely presented with primary ocular presentation. Early intervention would salvage the eyes and prevent patients from more disaster morbidity or fatality commonly due to intracranial haemorrhage.

Background. Corneal blindness from healed infected keratitis is one of the most preventable causes of monocular blindness in developing countries, including Malaysia. Our objectives were to identify the causative fungi, predisposing risk factors, the proportion of correct clinical diagnosis, and visual outcome of patients treated in our hospital. Methods. A retrospective review of medical and microbiology records was conducted for all patients who were treated for fungal keratitis at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2007 until December 2011. Results. Forty-seven patients (47/186, 25.27%) were treated for fungal keratitis during the study period. This demonstrated that the incidence of fungal keratitis has increased each year from 2007 to 2011 by 12.50%, 17.65%, 21.21%, 26.83%, and 28.57%, respectively. The most common predisposing factors were injury to the eye followed by use of topical steroid, and preexisting ocular surface disease. Fusarium species were the most common fungal isolated, followed by Candida species. Clinical diagnosis of fungal keratitis was made in 26 of the 41 (63.41%) cases of positive isolates. Of these, in eleven cases (23.40%) patients required surgical intervention. Clinical outcome of healed scar was achieved in 34 (72.34%) cases. Conclusions. The percentage of positive fungal isolated has steadily increased and the trend of common fungal isolated has changed. The latest review regarding fungal keratitis is important for us to improve patients' outcome in the future.

A 3-year-old boy presented with history of trauma to the left eye after he accidentally injured his eye with a broom stick made up from coconut skewers. There was history of cats as their pets but not dogs. Ocular examination revealed left superonasal conjunctival laceration and scleral perforation with prolapsed vitreous. Fundus examination showed minimal vitreous haemorrhage and flat retina. Conjunctiva swab at the wound site was sent for gram staining, culture, and sensitivity. He underwent scleral suturing, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection of Ceftazidime and Amikacin. Vitreous tap was sent for gram stained, culture and sensitivity. Postoperatively, he was started empirically on IV Ciprofloxacin 160 mg BD, Guttae Ciprofloxacin, and Guttae Ceftazidime. Conjunctiva swab grew Pasteurella canis which was sensitive to all Beta lactams, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Aminoglycoside. Post-operative was uneventful, absent signs of endophthalmitis or orbital cellulitis.

Electronic commerce is one of the components in the internet that growing fast in the world. In this research, it is developed the prototype for library service that offers library collection ordering especially books and articles through World Wide Web. In order to get an interaction between seller and buyer, there is an urgency to develop a dynamic web, which needs the technology and software. One of the programming languages is called Active Server Pages (ASP) and it is combining with database system to store data. The other component as an interface between application and database is ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). ASP has an advantage in the scripting method and it is easy to make the configuration with database. This application consists of two major parts those are administrator and user. This prototype has the facilities for editing, searching and looking through ordering information online. Users can also do downloading process for searching and ordering articles. Paying method in this e-commerce system is quite essential because in Indonesia not everybody has a credit card. As a solution to this situation, this prototype has a form for user who does not have credit card. If the bill has been paid, he can do the transaction online. In this case, one of the ASP advantages will be used. This is called "session" when data in process would not be lost as long as the user still in that "session". This will be used in user area and admin area where the users and the admin can do various processes. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Electronic commerce adalah satu bagian dari internet yang berkembang pesat di dunia saat ini. Pada penelitian ini dibuat suatu prototipe program aplikasi untuk pengembangan jasa layanan perpustakaan khususnya pemesanan artikel dan buku melalui World Wide Web. Untuk membangun aplikasi berbasis web diperlukan teknologi dan software yang mendukung pembuatan situs web dinamis sehingga ada interaksi antara pembeli dan penjual. Salah satunya adalah Active Server Pages (ASP) yang digabungkan sistem database untuk meyimpan data. Komponen penunjang lainnya adalah interface antara aplikasi dengan database yaitu ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). ASP memiliki keunggulan dalam metode scriptingnya dan mudah dalam berhubungan dengan database. Prototipe yang dibuat ini terdiri dari dua bagian utama yaitu bagian untuk administrator dan bagian untuk user. Prototipe yang dibuat ini ini mampu menghasilkan fasilitas pengeditan data, pencarian data, dan melihat informasi pesanan secara online. Untuk pencarian dan pemesanan artikel maka user dapat langsung melakukan proses download. Karena sistem E-commerce di Indonesia baru saja berkembang maka perlu diperhatikan juga mengenai metode pembayaran dimana tidak setiap orang mempunyai kartu kredit. Maka dalam prototipe ini terdapat juga suatu form untuk user yang tidak mempunyai kartu kredit. Begitu user telah melakukan pembayaran maka user bersangkutan bisa melakukan transaksi secara online. Disini dipakai juga keunggulan ASP yaitu "session" dimana data - data dalam proses yang terjadi tidak akan hilang selama user masih berada dalam session tersebut. Ini digunakan dalam proses user area dan admin area dimana user dan admin dapat melakukan berbagai macam proses. Kata kunci: e-commerce, bahan pustaka, world wide web, Active Server Page, ActiveX Data Objects.

Abstract Background Although unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n-6), collectively known as the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), play pivotal roles in vertebrate reproduction, very little is known about their synthesis in the ovary. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) display capability to synthesize all three HUFA via pathways involving desaturation and elongation of two precursors, the linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) and linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3n-3). As a prerequisite to gain full understanding on the importance and regulation of ovarian HUFA synthesis, we described here the mRNA expression pattern of two enzymes; desaturase (fadsd6) and elongase (elovl5), involved in HUFA biosynthesis pathway, in different zebrafish ovarian follicle stages. Concurrently, the fatty acid profile of each follicle stage was also analyzed. Methods mRNA levels of fadsd6 and elovl5 in different ovarian follicle stages were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. For analysis of the ovarian follicular fatty acid composition, gas chromatography was used. Results Our results have shown that desaturase displayed significant upregulation in expression during the oocyte maturation stage. Expression of elongase was significantly highest in pre-vitellogenic follicles, followed by maturation stage. Fatty acid composition analysis of different ovarian follicle stages also showed that ARA level was significantly highest in pre-vitellogenic and matured follicles. DHA level was highest in both late vitellogenic and maturation stage. Conclusion Collectively, our findings seem to suggest the existence of a HUFA synthesis system, which could be responsible for the synthesis of HUFA to promote oocyte maturation and possibly ovulation processes. The many advantages of zebrafish as model system to understand folliculogenesis will be useful platform to further elucidate the regulatory and mechanism aspects of ovarian HUFA synthesis.

Objective: This study examined the impact of monitoring instructions when using an automated driving system (ADS) and road obstructions on post take-over performance in near-miss scenarios., Background: Past research indicates partial ADS reduces the driver's situation awareness and degrades post take-over performance. Connected vehicle technology may alert drivers to impending hazards in time to safely avoid near-miss events., Method: Forty-eight licensed drivers using ADS were randomly assigned to either the active driving or passive driving condition. Participants navigated eight scenarios with or without a visual obstruction in a distributed driving simulator. The experimenter drove the other simulated vehicle to manually cause near-miss events. Participants' mean longitudinal velocity, standard deviation of longitudinal velocity, and mean longitudinal acceleration were measured., Results: Participants in passive ADS group showed greater, and more variable, deceleration rates than those in the active ADS group. Despite a reliable audiovisual warning, participants failed to slow down in the red-light running scenario when the conflict vehicle was occluded. Participant's trust in the automated driving system did not vary between the beginning and end of the experiment., Conclusion: Drivers interacting with ADS in a passive manner may continue to show increased and more variable deceleration rates in near-miss scenarios even with reliable connected vehicle technology. Future research may focus on interactive effects of automated and connected driving technologies on drivers' ability to anticipate and safely navigate near-miss scenarios., Application: Designers of automated and connected vehicle technologies may consider different timing and types of cues to inform the drivers of imminent hazard in high-risk scenarios for near-miss events.

PBDE-47, with lipophilic properties, was found in mussels, clams, and fish where it causes developmental issues, and endocrine and immune disruptions. The current study investigated the effects of PBDE-47 (0.1, 1, and 10 μg.l -1 ) on the clams Ruditapes decussatus and the nematode Metoncholaimus pristiurus. This flame retardant reduced CAT and GST activities in R. decussatus after only 2 days. The AChE activity was similar after 2 days but decreased after 7 days in the digestive gland. In gills, a decrease in AChE activities was observed for both time slots. The clearance rates increased following exposure for 2 days but decreased after one week. The exposure of M. pristiurus to PBDE-47 was accompanied by an increase in CAT and GST activities and a decrease in that of AChE. The microbial descriptors supported the obtained results for this nematode. Finally, the computational analyses supported the ecotoxicity of PBDE-47 for both invertebrate species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)