Search

Background: The impact of radiotherapy interruption due to the Spring Festival holidays in China on the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear.Methods: Nontrial patients with locoregionally advanced NPC receiving radiotherapy plus induction chemotherapy (IC) and/or concurrent chemotherapy (CC) were included (N = 5035) and divided into two groups based on the Spring Festival-induced radiotherapy interruption. Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS) were compared between rival groups. Impact of the timing of radiotherapy interruption (during or outside the Spring Festival) on survival was investigated in a propensity score-matched dataset. We adopted ordination correspondence analysis to determine the cut-off of radiotherapy prolongation for prognostic prediction, and accordingly performed subgroup analysis based on delayed days and chemotherapy details. Individual patient data of three phase III NPC trials (NCT00677118, NCT01245959, NCT01872962) were used for validation (N = 1465).Results: Radiotherapy interruption was most frequently observed between December to January of the following year. Significantly lower OS and FFS were associated with the Spring Festival-induced interruption of radiotherapy (P = 0.009 and 0.033, respectively), but not that interruption of IC. In two matched comparison groups, the timing of radiotherapy interruption during the Spring Festival was more likely to lead to a decrease in FFS than outside the Spring Festival (P = 0.046), which was not observed in the validation using clinical trial data or in the subgroup analysis based on the 5-day delayed time. The absence of CC and the accumulated dose of cisplatin < 200 mg were related to the negative influences of the Spring Festival-induced radiotherapy interruption on FFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.010), respectively.Conclusions: The poor survival of patients with NPC is associated with the Spring Festival-induced interruption of radiotherapy. We recommend that these patients receive adequate doses of cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: İnterruption of nursing practices directly affects the performance of nurses, complicates the decision-making process in complex activities that require intense concentration, and negatively affect productivity. This literature review aims to investigate the studies on the problem of interruption in nursing practices. Material and Methods: This literature review was carried out using the keywords "nursing practices", "interruption", "interruption" and "nursing practices", "interruption" and "nursing care" in Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Pubmed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Ebscohost databases and Turkish Council of Higher Education Thesis database. Turkish and English-language articles published in 2010-2020 with full-text access were included in the study. A total of 385 studies were found as a result of the literature search. Nineteen studies were selected in accordance with the research inclusion criteria. Results: Of the studies reviewed, 14 were descriptive, 4 were pretest, post-test quasi-experimental, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. In the studies, it was found that the sample size consisted of at least five nurses and at most 278 nurses. Observation, interview, and questionnaire forms were used to collect the data. Most of the research has focused on interruptions in the drug administration process. According to the findings of the studies included in the review, it was determined that the nurses frequently encountered the problem of interruption, generally experienced an interruption in the drug administration process, the main reason was human-induced, and the number of divisions experienced decreased with the attempts to reduce it. Conclusion: Although there has been an increase in the number of studies on the problem of interruption in nursing practice in recent years, it has been seen that most of them are related to its frequency and causes. It can be recommended to carry out studies on the management of the interruption problem in nursing practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Triage is a critical first step in appropriately caring for patients in the emergency department (ED). Patients' assumptions of the care they will receive can be established in triage. Interruptions to this process can disrupt patient flow, cause errors and lead to patient dissatisfaction.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how the frequency and duration of interruptions during triage are associated with errors, patient satisfaction and patient's perception of the care they received.Methods: Prospective, observational, cohort study conducted in the ED of a Level 1 trauma center. Interruptions were measured using time-and-motion observations of triage interviews performed by nurses and physicians. Patients were surveyed immediately after triage interviews were complete.Results: Surveys were completed for 178 observations. In total, 62.9% of the observations were interrupted between 1 and 5 times. While interruptions did not significantly influence patient satisfaction directly, interruptions positively influenced triage duration, which was negatively associated with patient satisfaction. Increased errors were associated with increasing frequency of triage interruptions. Triage interruptions were not associated with either patient satisfaction or perceived caregiver competence. Overall, the majority (76.6%) of patients were satisfied with their care; patient satisfaction was associated with the perceived competency of caregivers but was not associated with errors.Conclusion: Interruptions are associated with increased errors and delays in patient care. Although increased triage duration adversely affected patient satisfaction, patients' perceptions were not influenced by interruptions. While patient satisfaction is essential, a lack of association between patient satisfaction and errors suggests that using patient satisfaction as a measure of care quality may omit important safety information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the transformation of the period in the early Romantic era. While in Classical periods the end of the antecedent phrase is harmonically closed off from the beginning of the consequent phrase, Romantic periods often join the end of the antecedent to the beginning of the consequent, creating an undivided progression. Voice-leading analyses illustrate three different means of joining the antecedent to the consequent: 1) by overlapping the two phrases, 2) by prolonging and resolving the antecedent's closing dominant, and 3) by ending the antecedent on a predominant. All three procedures involve converting a dividing dominant into a progressive dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of philosophical affect theory, sourced substantially in Continental philosophy, has intensified scholarly attention around affective potentials in laughter. However, the relationship between laughter’s affect and the comic remains a complicated one for researchers, with some maintaining that the two should be studied separately (Emmerson 2019, Parvulescu 2010). While there is a credible academic rationale for drawing precise distinctions, the present article takes an integrative approach to laughter and the comic. It analyzes, then synthesizes, points of convergence between key texts in affect philosophy and certain elements of incongruity-based humour theory. Specifically, the article seeks to demonstrate that some integration can bring insight and clarity to discussion of transformative potentials sometimes attributed to forms of comic laughter, especially within cultural studies and social science following the philosophy of Deleuze. This approach may also usefully complicate the concept of incongruity itself.

In this article I focus on a pedagogical notion inspired by Anzaldua’s ‘left hand maneuvers’ as critical thinking, which I call Tilting Pedagogies. Tilting Pedagogies are left hand maneuvers – connecting critical operations – that cross over to meet social urgencies as a way to incarnate theoretical thought inside the classroom. Tilting pedagogies represent those notions, actions and maneuvers that allow us to ‘incline’ – tilt – from academia to social urgencies, from Spanish to English and vice versa, from northern to southern epistemologies, from final to deferred signification and towards the classroom as a critical space. These operations dwell between urgency and deferment of final meaning. I use inclination in its double meaning: as a tendency, a preference, rather an incitation and as an act of bending and leaning. In short: inclination as an incitement to tilt towards interruption and deferment, as two actions that are necessary to read theory not only as a local frame, but to interconnect it with other active forms of knowledge. This is what Anzaldua’s conocimiento produces: incitation to tilt, interrupt and bend over.

Background: Many cancer patients have not received timely treatment or even had treatment interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether the prognosis of patients with breast cancer after surgery was affected by any interruptions in radiotherapy., Methods: The healthcare documents for breast cancer patients experiencing radiotherapy interruption after surgery, including treatment-related characteristics, and time of interruption, type of disease progression, and survival status, were collected between January and April 2020 during the Wuhan blockade., Results: The final number of patients included was 148, and neither the Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve nor the cross-tabulation analysis found statistical significance. Cox regression analysis also did not identify risk factors associated with PFS., Conclusions: The prognosis of patients with postoperative breast cancer may not be significantly impacted by the interruption of radiotherapy, given its integration with additional treatments like targeted and endocrine therapies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhao, Yang, Lan and Li.)

Purpose: This retrospective observational study examined patients who experienced radiotherapy (RT) interruption during the Wuhan lockdown for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: The data of all patients whose RT was interrupted during the Wuhan lockdown from January 23 to April 8, 2020 were collected. Patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed, along with interruption time, disease progression type, and survival status. The methods employed in order to compensate for RT interruption were also described. Results: There were altogether 129 cancer patients whose RT was interrupted. Nineteen (14.7%) patients experienced a total interruption time of at most 7 days; the interruption time was 8–14 days for 27 (20.9%) patients, and 15 or more days for 47 (36.4%) patients. The remaining 36 (27.9%) patients did not come back to our hospital for further RT. We first describe our experience with re-immobilization and/or re-planning (n = 17) as well as dose compensation/adjustment. Of the 40 definitive radiotherapy patients, 37 had squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharyngeal, lung, or cervical origin. Most patients (85/93, 91.4%) were followed up for more than one year. Among the 40 patients who received definitive radiotherapy, nine patients experienced disease progression and five patients died. Three of the seven (42.9%) patients who did not finish radiotherapy after interruption died, as compared to only two of the 33 (6.1%) patients who completed radiotherapy. EQD2 (equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions) at the time point of RT interruption was calculated. Five of the six patients (83.3%) who received EQD2 ≤10 Gy suffered from disease progression, compared with four of the 34 (11.8%) patients who received EQD2 >10 Gy. For the seven definitive radiotherapy cases who did not finish radiotherapy, three received systemic anti-cancer treatments and three died (all of whom did not receive further systemic therapies). Conclusions: This study provides the longest follow-up for the outcomes of RT interruption during COVID-19 pandemic to date. It cannot imply causation but implies that completing RT is important, along with the utility of having patients remain on systemic therapies if RT is to be interrupted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Although colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a standardized procedure worldwide, the difficulty of the procedure is well known. However, there have been no studies assessing the causes of treatment interruption. The present study aimed to evaluate the factors involved in the interruption of colorectal ESD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1116 consecutive superficial colorectal neoplasms of 1012 patients who were treated with ESD between August 2008 and September 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: Interrupted ESD was reported in 14 lesions (1.3%) of the total study population. Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics indicated that age, 0–I macroscopic-type tumor, and tumor location on the left side colon were risk factors for interruption. Multivariate analysis revealed that 0–I macroscopic-type tumor was the sole preoperative independent risk factor for interruption. Univariate analysis revealed that the presence of muscle-retracting sign (MRS), deep submucosal tumor invasion, and intermediate invasive growth pattern represented the etiology of interruption. Multivariate analysis indicated that MRS can be a sole key sign for the interruption. Additionally, the resectability and curability of 0–I type tumors were significantly inferior to those of predominantly lateral spreading tumors. Observations of 0–I macroscopic-type tumors, MRS, and submucosal deep invasion were significantly more frequent in interrupted cases. Conventional endoscopic images without magnification endoscopy were more associated with interruption than irregular surfaces or Vi pit patterns in cases with 0–I type tumors. Conclusion: ESD of 0–I type tumors is highly disruptive, and undiagnosable submucosal infiltration can reduce the curability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present paper, an M/M/1 retrial queueing model with a waiting server subject to breakdown and repair under working vacation, vacation interruption is considered. Customers are served at a slow rate during the working vacation period, and the server may undergo breakdowns from a normal busy state. The customer has to wait in orbit for the service until the server gets repaired. Steady-state solutions are obtained using the probability generating function technique. Probabilities of different server states and some other performance measures of the system are developed. The variation in mean orbit size, availability of the server, and server state probabilities are plotted for different values of breakdown parameter and repair rate with the help of MATLAB software. Finally, cost optimization of the system is also discussed, and the optimal value of the slow service rate for the model is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal-directed behavior is often impaired by interference from the external environment, either in the form of distraction by irrelevant information that one attempts to ignore, or by interrupting information that demands attention as part of another (secondary) task goal. Both forms of external interference have been shown to detrimentally impact the ability to maintain information in working memory (WM). Emerging evidence suggests that these different types of external interference exert different effects on behavior and may be mediated by distinct neural mechanisms. Better characterizing the distinct neuro-behavioral impact of irrelevant distractions versus attended interruptions is essential for advancing an understanding of top-down attention, resolution of external interference, and how these abilities become degraded in healthy aging and in neuropsychiatric conditions. This manuscript describes a novel cognitive paradigm developed the Gazzaley lab that has now been modified into several distinct versions used to elucidate behavioral and neural correlates of interference, by to-be-ignored distractors versus to-be-attended interruptors. Details are provided on variants of this paradigm for investigating interference in visual and auditory modalities, at multiple levels of stimulus complexity, and with experimental timing optimized for electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. In addition, data from younger and older adult participants obtained using this paradigm is reviewed and discussed in the context of its relationship with the broader literatures on external interference and age-related neuro-behavioral changes in resolving interference in working memory.

PurposeThis retrospective observational study examined patients who experienced radiotherapy (RT) interruption during the Wuhan lockdown for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Materials and MethodsThe data of all patients whose RT was interrupted during the Wuhan lockdown from January 23 to April 8, 2020 were collected. Patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed, along with interruption time, disease progression type, and survival status. The methods employed in order to compensate for RT interruption were also described.ResultsThere were altogether 129 cancer patients whose RT was interrupted. Nineteen (14.7%) patients experienced a total interruption time of at most 7 days; the interruption time was 8–14 days for 27 (20.9%) patients, and 15 or more days for 47 (36.4%) patients. The remaining 36 (27.9%) patients did not come back to our hospital for further RT. We first describe our experience with re-immobilization and/or re-planning (n = 17) as well as dose compensation/adjustment. Of the 40 definitive radiotherapy patients, 37 had squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharyngeal, lung, or cervical origin. Most patients (85/93, 91.4%) were followed up for more than one year. Among the 40 patients who received definitive radiotherapy, nine patients experienced disease progression and five patients died. Three of the seven (42.9%) patients who did not finish radiotherapy after interruption died, as compared to only two of the 33 (6.1%) patients who completed radiotherapy. EQD2 (equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions) at the time point of RT interruption was calculated. Five of the six patients (83.3%) who received EQD2 ≤10 Gy suffered from disease progression, compared with four of the 34 (11.8%) patients who received EQD2 >10 Gy. For the seven definitive radiotherapy cases who did not finish radiotherapy, three received systemic anti-cancer treatments and three died (all of whom did not receive further systemic therapies).ConclusionsThis study provides the longest follow-up for the outcomes of RT interruption during COVID-19 pandemic to date. It cannot imply causation but implies that completing RT is important, along with the utility of having patients remain on systemic therapies if RT is to be interrupted.

Regarding the educational endeavour of their schools, Catholic school leaders are challenged to maintain “mission integrity”, and to remain faithful to the principles of Catholic education. While their daily praxis is characterised by multiple interruptions, even school leaders with profound theoretical knowledge and extensive experience do not automatically know how to deal with them in a way that aligns with the distinctive and authentic principles of Catholic education. This article argues that a practical, wise leadership practice based on Christian discernment practices provides a kind of executive function that helps Catholic school leaders to decide and act wisely and purposefully. A generic design for interrelated strategies of practical, wise school leadership is presented that in a profound way does justice not only to the ethical but also to the transformative nature of the endeavour of Catholic education. The design consists of four clusters of strategies, characterised by practical wisdom and well-chosen reflective questions to activate these strategies.

Marketers often seek to minimize or eliminate interruptions when they deliver persuasive messages in an attempt to increase consumers' attention and processing of those messages. However, in five studies conducted across different experimental contexts and different content domains, the current research reveals that interruptions that temporarily disrupt a persuasive message can increase consumers' processing of that message. As a result, consumers can be more persuaded by interrupted messages than they would be by the exact same messages delivered uninterrupted. In documenting this effect, the current research departs from past research illuminating the negative effects of interruptions, and delineates the mechanism through which and conditions under which momentary interruptions can promote persuasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D numerical analysis was carried out to assess the hydrothermal performance of a new configuration of the corrugated tube by adding interruptions to the perimeter of the corrugations. The finite volume method was employed to solve the governing equations for the Reynolds number ranged between 1200 and 2240 utilizing water as a coolant. The impact of three configurational parameters on the hydrothermal performance was studied namely, the interruptions number, height ratio, and pitch ratio. The results revealed that the Nusselt number of the interrupted-corrugated tube is higher than that of the conventional smooth tube by 39%. The most important characteristic of the new design is the ability to reduce the pressure drop significantly due to a larger flow area which is offered by interruptions in corrugations. The results showed a decrease in both friction factor and Nusselt number with increasing of the interruptions number and the pitch ratio. At the same time, it's found that the Nusselt number and friction factor are improved with increasing the height ratio. The highest performance factor for the interrupted-corrugated tube attains about 1.28 at Reynolds number of 1200 with the interruptions number of 4, pitch ratio of 1.3, and a height ratio of 0.2.

MicroRNA (miRNA or miR)-based approaches to interrupt the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases have been explored since 2005. A review of these studies and areas in which to proceed is needed. In this review, significant progress is reviewed at the level of individual miRNAs, and miRNA diversification and relevant confounders are described in detail. Current miRNA studies in mosquitoes include four steps, namely, identifying miRNAs, validating miRNA-pathogen interactions, exploring action mechanisms, and performing preapplication investigations. Notably, regarding the Plasmodium parasite, mosquito miRNAs generally bind to mosquito immunity- or development-related mRNAs, indirectly regulating Plasmodium infection; However, regarding arboviruses, mosquito miRNAs can bind to the viral genome, directly modifying viral replication. Thus, during explorations of miRNA-based approaches, researchers need select an ideal miRNA for investigation based on the mosquito species, tissue, and mosquito-borne pathogen of interest. Additionally, strategies for miRNA-based approaches differ for arboviruses and protozoan parasites.

Background: Device-related interruptions in the operating room (OR) may create stress among health care providers and delays. Although non-technical skills (NTS) of the OR teams, such as situational awareness and communication, are expected to influence device-related interruptions, empirical data on this relationship are limited. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 144 consecutive elective laparoscopic operations during 13 months. A data capture system called the OR Black Box® was used to characterize device-related interruptions, NTS, and distractions. Device-related interruptions were classified according to a priori established categories. Positive and negative NTS instances were identified according to validated measurement tools specific for nurses and surgeons. We assessed the relationship between NTS and device-related interruptions after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 86 device-related interruptions occurred in 48 of 144 operations (33%). They were most frequently classified as device failure (54%) followed by improper assembly (19%) and disconnection (14%). Medians of 1 [interquartile range (IQR) 0–3] and 1 (IQR 0–2) negative NTS instance per operation were demonstrated by nurses and surgeons, respectively. Medians of 28 (IQR 15–38) and 40 (IQR 28–118) positive NTS instances per operation were demonstrated by nurses and surgeons. In a multivariable analysis, a higher frequency of negative NTS instances demonstrated by nurses was associated with device-related interruptions after risk adjustment (Odds Ratio 1.33, p = 0.02). Conclusions: In elective laparoscopic operations, an increased likelihood of device-related interruptions in the OR was associated with more frequent negative NTS demonstrations by nursing teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our relationship to time is both a developmental and a relational one; an inter‐ and intra‐psychic experience. Exploring how the theories of Freud, Klein, Winnicott, and their successors offer explanations of how the psychoanalytic subject develops and sustains a concept of time and the factors that may hinder this, this essay suggests that different qualities of time, such as continuity, rhythm, repetition and interruption, can reveal themselves through the client's transferential and countertransferential relationship with the therapist. Using fictionalized clinical examples it explores how a bodily felt experience of time was thought about by the therapist/author using Laban movement analysis to support a client in 'working through' early material that felt stuck. The exploration of a client's perspective is brought in through the writings of the activist Passerini on her psychoanalytic treatment (cited byBaraitser in Enduring Time) and her experience of trauma's capacity to stop time. The essay also looks at how psychoanalytic ideas of temporality challenge the 'recruiting' of time by the wider culture to create more time‐efficient late‐capitalist subjects but by using ideas from movement studies and a Lacanian influenced time register it is suggested that cultural attacks on subjective experiences of temporality could be challenged within therapy. It is hoped the essay encourages the therapist to become alert to the manifestations of different temporal experiences within the therapeutic relationship and to develop a creative, embodied language with which to explore it with the client. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effective use of contraception among adolescents and young women can reduce the risk of unintended pregnancies. However, the prevalence of contraceptive use remains low in this age group. The objective of this study was to estimate the rate of contraceptive method discontinuation among adolescents and young women and to identify its associated factors in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger.Method: This was a secondary analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys of Burkina Faso (2010), Mali (2012-2013), and Niger (2012). The dependent variable was the time to discontinuation of contraceptive methods. Independent variables were represented by sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics. Mixed-effects survival analysis with proportional hazards was used to identify the predictors.Results: A total of 2,264 adolescents and young women aged 15 to 24 years were included in this analysis, comprising 1,100 in Burkina Faso, 491 in Mali, and 673 in Niger. Over the last five years, the overall contraceptive discontinuation rate was 68.7% (50.1% in Burkina Faso, 59.6% in Mali, and 96.8% in Niger). At the individual level, in Burkina Faso, occupation (aHR = 0.33), number of living children (aHR = 2.17), marital status (aHR = 2.93), and region (aHR = 0.54) were associated with contraceptive discontinuation. Except for education and marital status, we found the same factors in Mali. In Niger, a women's education level (aHR = 1.47) and her partner (aHR = 0.52) were associated with discontinuation. At the community level, the region of origin was associated with discontinuation of contraceptive methods.Conclusion: Most adolescents and young women experienced at least one episode of discontinuation. Discontinuation of contraceptive methods is associated with the level of education, occupation, number of children, marital status, and desire for children with the spouse. Promotion of contraceptive interventions should target adolescents, young women, and their partners, as well as those with a low education level or in a union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA (miRNA or miR)-based approaches to interrupt the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases have been explored since 2005. A review of these studies and areas in which to proceed is needed. In this review, significant progress is reviewed at the level of individual miRNAs, and miRNA diversification and relevant confounders are described in detail. Current miRNA studies in mosquitoes include four steps, namely, identifying miRNAs, validating miRNA-pathogen interactions, exploring action mechanisms, and performing preapplication investigations. Notably, regarding the Plasmodium parasite, mosquito miRNAs generally bind to mosquito immunity- or development-related mRNAs, indirectly regulating Plasmodium infection; However, regarding arboviruses, mosquito miRNAs can bind to the viral genome, directly modifying viral replication. Thus, during explorations of miRNA-based approaches, researchers need select an ideal miRNA for investigation based on the mosquito species, tissue, and mosquito-borne pathogen of interest. Additionally, strategies for miRNA-based approaches differ for arboviruses and protozoan parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of mobility scholars is to attend to how time and space are generated through mobilities. Building upon research inspired by Deleuze and Guattari that foregrounds experiential mobilities, we use the notion of the refrain to chart experiences of long-distance rail commuting with a particular focus on how these journeys are crafted to be productive. Moreover, we consider a series of interruptions and their transformative potential. We read wanted and unwanted interruptions as breaks in the consistency of a refrain – disruptions to the socio-material, affective, and expressive arrangements that constitute a sense of productivity. We submit that in the wake of interruption, a refrain may dissolve or reform in three different ways: as repeat, as variation, or as developing variation. These categorisations help us to understand the differential influence of interruption on a refrain. We illustrate our argument by drawing on ethnographic research conducted with 16 mobile commuters who regularly journey by train for work between Wollongong and Sydney (Australia) – a trip of at least 90 minutes each way along a key commuting corridor. Through building an account of long-distance commuting, this article provides insights into how productivity (and productive subjects) may manifest through mundane activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehending the striking role of Conversation Analysis (CA) research in a real context on the one hand, and a substantial part doctors play in doctor-patient conversation in the proceeding stages of receiving medical intensive care as an inherent nature of society on the other hand, provoked the researchers to conduct this research. To achieve this intention, the present study focuses on conversation aspects of doctorpatient talks in unconfirmed cases of COVID-19 in Golpayegan, Esfahan, Iran. This study tries to find out what conversation aspects are more frequently used by Iranian interlocutors in the context of the doctors' office. Three doctor-patient meetings, for this purpose, were audio-recorded, then transcribed. The focus is on both the talk and nonverbal aspects of conversation to be analyzed. After doing the conversation analysis, it was found that turn-taking was the most frequently used conversation aspect. Because this investigation is among the first conversation analysis research which is conducted in the Iranian doctor-patient context in COVID-19 setting, it seems outstanding. In addition, as teaching conversation analysis to students in parallel with other outstanding skills, sub-skills, and language components has great importance, and the analysis method utilized in the current research is conversation analysis, this study sounds prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency Medicine physicians experience a significant number of interruptions throughout their work day. One common cause of interruptions is the immediate interpretation of triage electrocardiograms (ECGs). Recent studies have suggested that ECGs interpreted as normal via automated analysis by the ECG machine rarely require urgent cardiac intervention and suggested that providers may not have to be interrupted to interpret these "normal" ECGs. We describe the case of a patient who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with chest pain and an ECG interpreted as normal by an automated reading from the ECG machine, despite having acute coronary syndrome requiring emergent intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors intend to reflect upon the social time interrupted by humor, as a discourse recipe, and by comedy, as a performative resource. The incongruity of the significations produced by this stylistic form means a suspension of the tipification rules in the life-world daily interactions. These moments of suspension are designated by time out. In this text, the authors show how humour and comedy connect with common time and time out to reveal interpretation keys to disclose the intersubjective social fabric.

Notifications of e-mail arrivals at inappropriate times disrupt workers engaged in intellectual activities and reduce their productivity. We propose an e-mail delivery mediation system to deal with this issue. The system suspends e-mail delivery and estimates users' interruptibility from their PC operation activities. Then, it delivers e-mail only when the estimated interruptibility matches certain delivery criteria, especially when a user switches applications. A long-term evaluation in a real office revealed that e-mail mediation based on the system's estimates of user interruptibility can shift a certain percentage of the notifications to task or subtask breakpoints or to times at which the user is less engaged in a task.

Studies have demonstrated that parents often exhibit a still face while silently reading their cell phones when responding to texts. Such disruptions to parent-child interactions have been observed during parental media use such as texting and these disruptions have been termed technoference. In the present study, we explored changes to mother-child interactions that occur before, during and after interruptions due to texting using an adapted naturalistic still face paradigm. Specifically, we examined the effect of an interruption due to either maternal smartphone use or use of an analog medium on maternal interaction quality with their 20- to 22-month-old children. Mother-child interactions during free play were interrupted for 2 min by asking the mothers to fill out a questionnaire either (a) by typing on the smartphone (smartphone group) or (b) on paper with a pen (paper-pencil group). Interactional quality was compared between free-play and interruption phases and to a no-interruption control group. Mixed ANOVA across phase and condition indicated that maternal responsiveness and pedagogical behavior decreased during the interruption phase for both the interruption groups (smartphone and paper-and-pencil) but not for the no-interruption group. Children also increased their positive bids for attention during the paper-and-pencil and the smartphone conditions relative to the no-interruption control. These findings are consistent with a large body of research on the still-face paradigm and with a recent study demonstrating that smartphone interruptions decreased parenting quality. The present study, however, connects these lines of research showing the many everyday disruptions to parent-child interactions are likely to decrease parenting quality and that toddlers are likely to detect and attempt to repair such interruptions.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has broader geographic spread and potentially longer lasting effects than those of previous disasters. Necessary preventive precautions for the transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in delays for in-person health care services, especially at the outset of the pandemic. Objective: Among a US sample, we examined the rates of delays (defined as cancellations and postponements) in health care at the outset of the pandemic and characterized the reasons for such delays. Methods: As part of an internet-based survey that was distributed on social media in April 2020, we asked a US–based convenience sample of 2570 participants about delays in their health care resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Participant demographics and self-reported worries about general health and the COVID-19 pandemic were explored as potent determinants of health care delays. In addition to all delays, we focused on the following three main types of delays, which were the primary outcomes in this study: dental, preventive, and diagnostic care delays. For each outcome, we used bivariate statistical tests (t tests and chi-square tests) and multiple logistic regression models to determine which factors were associated with health care delays. Results: The top reported barrier to receiving health care was the fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection (126/374, 33.6%). Almost half (1227/2570, 47.7%) of the participants reported experiencing health care delays. Among those who experienced health care delays and further clarified the type of delay they experienced (921/1227, 75.1%), the top three reported types of care that were affected by delays included dental (351/921, 38.1%), preventive (269/921, 29.2%), and diagnostic (151/921, 16.4%) care. The logistic regression models showed that age (P<.001), gender identity (P<.001), education (P=.007), and self-reported worry about general health (P<.001) were significantly associated with experiencing health care delays. Self-reported worry about general health was negatively related to experiencing delays in dental care. However, this predictor was positively associated with delays in diagnostic testing based on the logistic regression model. Additionally, age was positively associated with delays in diagnostic testing. No factors remained significant in the multiple logistic regression for delays in preventive care, and although there was trend between race and delays (people of color experienced fewer delays than White participants), it was not significant (P=.06). Conclusions: The lessons learned from the initial surge of COVID-19 cases can inform systemic mitigation strategies for potential future disruptions. This study addresses the demand side of health care delays by exploring the determinants of such delays. More research on health care delays during the pandemic is needed, including research on their short- and long-term impacts on patient-level outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, mental health, people’s quality of life, and the experience of pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trabalhos em Lingüística Aplicada is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In his article in this issue of CounterText, Brian Cummings develops an account of Luther as a counter-textual reader, in which 'iconoclastic philology' reconfigures the relation between divine and human agency, between grace and works. In response, I offer a fresh reading of the opening pages of Luther's seminal (and once long lost) Lectures on Romans, exploring the ways in which for Luther scriptural intertexts become counter-texts, at once interrupting and illuminating one another and Luther's own interpretations of them. I show that this mode of 'iconoclastic philology' unites Luther's method of reading and his theological account of grace, with each structured on a pattern of interruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay provides an account of one scholar's thirty-five-year immersion in language and gender research. I included a chapter on conversations between women and men in That's Not What I Meant!, my first book for general audiences, as part of an overview of interactional sociolinguistics. Disproportionate interest in that chapter led me to write You Just Don't Understand, which I assumed would be my last word on the topic. Then insights into gendered patterns turned out to be crucial in all my subsequent books, each of which grew out of the one before. Writing about gendered patterns in conversational interaction raised my own consciousness, illuminating aspects of a previous study that I had overlooked. It also brought me face to face with agonistic conventions in academic discourse, and the distortions and misrepresentations that result from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have demonstrated that parents often exhibit a still face while silently reading their cell phones when responding to texts. Such disruptions to parent-child interactions have been observed during parental media use such as texting and these disruptions have been termed technoference. In the present study, we explored changes to mother-child interactions that occur before, during and after interruptions due to texting using an adapted naturalistic still face paradigm. Specifically, we examined the effect of an interruption due to either maternal smartphone use or use of an analog medium on maternal interaction quality with their 20- to 22-month-old children. Mother-child interactions during free play were interrupted for 2 min by asking the mothers to fill out a questionnaire either (a) by typing on the smartphone (smartphone group) or (b) on paper with a pen (paper-pencil group). Interactional quality was compared between free-play and interruption phases and to a no-interruption control group. Mixed ANOVA across phase and condition indicated that maternal responsiveness and pedagogical behavior decreased during the interruption phase for both the interruption groups (smartphone and paper-and-pencil) but not for the no-interruption group. Children also increased their positive bids for attention during the paper-and-pencil and the smartphone conditions relative to the no-interruption control. These findings are consistent with a large body of research on the still-face paradigm and with a recent study demonstrating that smartphone interruptions decreased parenting quality. The present study, however, connects these lines of research showing the many everyday disruptions to parent-child interactions are likely to decrease parenting quality and that toddlers are likely to detect and attempt to repair such interruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinicians, including nurse practitioners (NPs), face a number of challenges in delivering high-quality care including frequent interruptions that can potentially compromise patient safety and job satisfaction. Local Problem: Trauma NPs voiced frustration with their efforts to provide efficient, high-quality care with frequent interruptions, most commonly pager alerts. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to increase trauma NPs' perceptions of patient safety and improve NPs' job satisfaction by reducing workflow interruptions. Methods: The Model for Improvement guided this initiative. Interventions: The aims of this initiative were to reduce the percentage of nonurgent workflow interruptions via pager alerts by 20% and to increase the utilization of a standardized trauma NP patient rounding process from 0% to 50%. Results: Useof the standardized rounding process improved from 0% to 87%. Interruptions viapager alerts decreased by 36.2%. All nine (100%) trauma NP survey responses revealed an improvement in NP perception of patient safety and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The QI initiative found that increasing communication during rounds by using a standardized rounding process involving the bedside registered nurse can minimize interruptions and improve the efficiency of a trauma NP team. The key to the success of the QI initiative was the implementation of a standardized rounding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of radiation interruptions at different times on the overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. Totally, 4510 patients were identified from a well‐established big‐data intelligence platform. Optimal interruption thresholds were identified using Recursive partitioning analyses. Actuarial rates were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and were compared using the log‐rank test. Patients with preceding interruptions ≥1 d (5‐year OS, 89.6% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.001; 5‐year DFS, 81.4% vs. 76.4%, p < 0.001), or latter interruptions ≥4 d (88.4% vs. 82.3%, p < 0.001; 79.2% vs. 75.1%, p = 0.006) showed significant detrimental effects on OS and DFS than patients without those interruptions. However, no significant lower survival was identified in latter interruptions ≥1 d (5‐year OS: 89.0% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.053; 5‐year DFS, 80.2% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.080). Latter interruptions ≥4 d was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for OS (HR, 1.404; 95% CI, 1.143–1.723, p = 0.001) and DFS (HR, 1.351; 95% CI, 1.105–1.652, p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. Radiation interruptions longer than 3 days that occurred in the latter period of treatment with IMRT were independent factors in poorer survival. Efforts are needed to minimize radiation interruptions and improve the timely provision of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay uses Hannah Arendt's theory of action and her critique of modern politics to explore the themes of predictability and unpredictability in human affairs, and the political meaning of interruption and refusal. It draws on the life and literature of the Russian avant-gardist, Daniil Kharms (1905-1942), alongside Fyodor Dostoevsky and several contemporary theorists, to offer a reading of action as taking the form, specifically, of playful interruption and generative refusal. A marginal figure whose deeds and writings were disruptively strange, Kharms is taken as an exemplar of action in this ludic mode. This serves to elaborate upon Arendt's concepts of plurality and natality, while challenging some weaknesses in her theory of action as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive representation of food rescue in dominant discourses obscures the question of why and how food becomes loss and waste in our industrial food system. Built-in obsolescence is an integral part of commercial production and not the residual effect of unoptimized processes. Through a reading of Michel Serres’s The Parasite, I explore his logic of a system that is based on difference, noise, and disorder. In this cacophonous paradigm, excesses are not treated as externalities, only intercepting relations of different orders. Listening to noise is tuning into information in alternative registers, opening up possibilities that enable new ecologies of practice. Presenting Breadline, a Web application developed by the author for food rescue in Hong Kong, the article demonstrates how the platform tackles obsolescence through generative interruptions. By tapping into externalities of the practice, Breadline successfully overcomes the logistical challenges of food rescue, offering an applied case study for the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Collin's understanding and practice of writing (écriture) as an operation that engages interruption, continuity, variation, and alternation, among types of movement. The author first analyses Collin's understanding of writing in her doctoral thesis, Maurice Blanchot et la question de l'écriture (1971). Having shown her failed attempt to focus on Blanchot's writing as interruption and repetition, the author focuses on Collin's second novel, Rose qui peut (1962), to underpin the relevance of interruption within the philosopher's own practice as a writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor, is used as the prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Compared to intravenous methotrexate (MTX), MMF is associated with a lower incidence of mucositis and shorter time for hematopoietic engraftment but comparable incidence of acute GVHD, resulting in the preferred use of MMF for GVHD prophylaxis in elderly patients or those undergoing cord blood transplantation (CBT). Although several studies have evaluated the clinical impact of MTX omission due to toxicity after allogeneic HCT, the impact of oral MMF interruption for GVHD prophylaxis on transplant outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively analyzed the consecutive data of adult patients who underwent single-unit unrelated CBT and received oral MMF in combination with cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis at our hospital. Among the 53 patients, the planned dose of MMF was interrupted in 14 with a median of 19.5 d (range, 3-27 d) of CBT. In multivariate analysis, MMF interruption, which was treated as a time-dependent covariate, was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 5.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03-14.43; P < 0.001) and higher non-relapse mortality (HR, 7.56; 95% CI, 1.99-28.79; P = 0.002). Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of oral MMF interruption in GVHD prophylaxis., Competing Interests: The author declares no conflict of interest. Disclosure form provided by the author are available on the website. Satoshi Takahashi is one of the Editors of Blood Cell Therapy. He was not involved in the editorial evaluation or decision to accept this article for publication., (Copyright Ⓒ2024 Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT).)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Management of SARS-CoV-2 requires safe decision-making to minimize contamination. Healthcare workers and professionals in confined areas are affected by the risk of the activity and the environment. Isolation of contaminated workers and healthcare professionals requires clinical and diagnostic criteria. On the other hand, interrupting the isolation of healthcare employees and professionals is critical because diagnostic tests do not support clinical decisions. In addition to defining the best test in view of its accuracy, it is necessary to consider aspects such as the stage of the disease or cure, the viral load and the individual's own immunity. Uncertainty about natural and herd immunity to the disease leads to the development of appropriate antivirals, diagnostic tests and vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses an experiment in combining personal archival digital images, including those taken at various dance performances or rehearsals, in which the phenomenon of interruption was both discovered and investigated. The composite images were shown at a Space, Race, Bodies cultural studies and activist conference with the theme of 'Walls', held in 2018 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Parallel with discussing the process of creating these images and considering their effects, the article draws on the experience of exhibiting at the conference to explore relations between poetics and politics. The idea of interruption can be a key to this relation. With its rich history in the modernist performing arts and film, interruption facilitates making connections through difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders, leading to the progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the subsequent compromising of tissues and organ malfunction. Although incurable, most types of MPS can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), an approach that has had positive effects on the natural clinical evolution and which impact has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, to date, there is relatively little data regarding the effects of ERT interruption, especially in Latin America, where such interruption may be frequent due to a variety of issues (for instance, difficulties involving logistics, reimbursement and/or payment withdrawal). Method: A group of medical professionals from Latin America with experience in Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurology held an Advisory Board Meeting in the city of São Paulo, in October 2018, to discuss the issue of ERT interruptions in the region and recommendations to health care professionals on how to deal with these interruptions and better assess the therapeutic effects of ERT. Conclusion: Recommendations provided by the experts may support physicians in dealing with the most common reasons for ERT interruptions in Latin America. Most importantly, recommendations for data collection at specific timepoints (at baseline, throughout the treatment and during the interruption period of ERT and after its resumption) can significantly improve the collection of real world evidence on the effects of ERT and its interruptions, supporting health care professionals and policy makers in the decision making regarding the provision of these therapies for MPS patients.