3,715 results on '"Inflection"'
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152. Nvidia Reaffirms Its AI Tech Dominance With New GPUs.
- Author
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Poinski, Megan
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SOCIAL dominance ,NEWSLETTERS - Abstract
The published version of Forbes' CIO newsletter delivers the latest news for chief innovation officers and other technology-focused leaders to inboxes every Thursday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
153. Time reference, morphology and prototypicality: tense production in stroke aphasia and semantic dementia in Greek.
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Koukoulioti, Vasiliki, Stavrakaki, Stavroula, Konstantinopoulou, Eleni, and Ioannidis, Panagiotis
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AGRAMMATISM , *APHASIA , *DEMENTIA patients , *RESEARCH funding , *SEMANTICS , *SPEECH disorders , *STATISTICS , *STROKE , *ANOMIA , *DATA analysis , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *FRONTOTEMPORAL dementia , *STROKE patients - Abstract
The present study aims at investigating verb inflection in aphasia and semantic dementia. In particular, it addresses the contribution of time reference and morphological complexity. Moreover, it investigates whether the lexical properties of the verb, such as argument structure and lexical aspect interact with the production of tense. Ten individuals with (different types of) stroke aphasia and five individuals with semantic dementia and their respective control groups conducted a sentence completion task. Three tenses were tested: past perfective, past imperfective and present. All tenses had to be produced with three different verb classes, which differed with respect to syntactic and semantic properties: unergative, unaccusative and transitive verbs. The findings imply problems with marking aspect and an interaction between inflection and lexical aspect but no effect of morphological complexity or across the board difficulties with reference to the past in aphasia. Moreover, the results suggest problems with inflection in semantic dementia, an interaction between inflection and lexical aspect and a selective difficulty with imperfective tenses. The study contributes to a better understanding of inflection problems in aphasia and it provides evidence for inflection problems in semantic dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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154. Producing regularly and irregularly inflected verb forms: behavioural and neuroimaging data from the three Italian conjugations.
- Author
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De Martino, M., Mancuso, A., Russo, A. G., Elia, A., Di Salle, F., Saponiero, R., Vietri, S., Esposito, F., and Laudanna, A.
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COGNITION , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *LINGUISTICS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *NEURORADIOLOGY , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness - Abstract
The generation of regular and irregular inflected verb-forms has been taken as a crucial test between models of inflection in the mental lexicon, namely approaches which invoke different mechanisms for regular and irregular forms (rule-based procedures vs. recovery of whole forms stored in an associative network) and accounts which postulate a single procedure for all forms. An alternative hypothesis suggests that inflectional processes are explained by membership of words to clusters, for instance, Italian inflectional classes (conjugations). In a behavioural and a rapid event-related fMRI experiment, participants overtly generated the past participle of verbs from the three Italian conjugations. Results showed that the cognitive operations and the neural substrate underlying inflectional processes rely on specific properties of inflectional classes. Different patterns of cortical activations elicited by verbs from different conjugations were detected for the first time in the left middle frontal gyrus, left pre-supplementary motor area and left anterior cingulate cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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155. Variability and its limits in bilingual word recognition: A morphological priming study.
- Author
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Clahsen, Harald and Jessen, Anna
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WORD recognition ,EXPERIMENTAL groups ,GRAMMAR ,MASKING (Psychology) - Abstract
This study examines the processing of morphologically complex words focusing on how morphological (in addition to orthographic and semantic) factors affect bilingual word recognition. We report findings from a large experimental study with groups of bilingual (Turkish/German) speakers using the visual masked-priming technique. We found morphologically mediated effects on the response speed and the inter-individual variability within the bilingual participant group. We conclude that the grammar (qua morphological parsing) not only enhances speed of processing in bilingual language processing but also yields more uniform performance and thereby constrains variability within a group of otherwise heterogeneous individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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156. The representation of plural inflectional affixes in English: evidence from priming in an auditory lexical decision task.
- Author
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Goodwin Davies, Amy and Embick, David
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AUDITORY perception , *ENGLISH as a foreign language , *HUMAN voice , *TASK performance , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness - Abstract
The representation of inflection is controversial: theories of morphological processing range from those that treat all inflectional morphemes as independently represented in memory to those that deny independent representation for any inflectional morphemes. Whereas identity priming for stems and derivational affixes is regularly reported, priming of inflectional affixes is understudied and has produced no clear consensus. This paper reports results from a continuous auditory lexical decision task investigating priming of plural inflectional affixes in English, in plural prime-target pairs such as crimes → trees. Our results show statistically significant priming facilitation for plural primes relative to phonological (cleanse → trees) and singular (crime → trees) controls. This finding indicates that inflectional affixes, like lexical stems, exhibit identity priming effects. We discuss implications for morphological theory and point to questions for further work addressing which representation(s) produce the priming effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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157. Radiographic benefit of incorporating the inflection between the cervical and thoracic curves in fusion constructs for surgical cervical deformity patients.
- Author
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Bortz, Cole, Passias, Peter, Pierce, Katherine, Alas, Haddy, Brown, Avery, Naessig, Sara, Ahmad, Waleed, Lafage, Renaud, Ames, Christopher, Diebo, Bassel, Line, Breton, Klineberg, Eric, Burton, Douglas, Eastlack, Robert, Kim, Han, Sciubba, Daniel, Soroceanu, Alex, Bess, Shay, Shaffrey, Christopher, and Schwab, Frank
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INFLECTION (Grammar) , *POINT set theory , *HUMAN abnormalities , *SAGITTAL curve , *LORDOSIS - Abstract
Purpose: The aim is to assess the relationship between cervicothoracic inflection point and baseline disability, as well as the relationship between clinical outcomes and pre- to postoperative changes in inflection point. Methods: Cervical deformity (CD) patients with baseline and 3-month (3M) postoperative radiographic, clinical, and inflection data were grouped by region of inflection point: C6 or above, C6-C7 to C7-T1, T1, or below. Inflection was defined as: Distal-most level where cervical lordosis (CL) changes to thoracic kyphosis (TK). Differences in alignment and patient factors across pre- and postoperative inflection point groups were assessed, as were outcomes by the inclusion of inflection in the CD-corrective fusion construct. Results: A total of 108 patients were included. Preoperative inflection breakdown: C6 or above (42%), C6-C7 to C7-T1 (44%), T1 or below (15%). Surgery was associated with a caudal migration of inflection by 3M: C6 or above (8%), C6-C7 to C7-T1 (58%), T1 or below (33%). For patients with preoperative inflection T1 or below, the inclusion of inflection in the fusion construct was associated with improvements in horizontal gaze (McGregor's Slope included: −11.3° vs. not included: 1.6°, P = 0.038). The inclusion of preoperative inflection in fusion was associated with the superior cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) changes for C6-C7 to C7-T1 patients (−5.2 mm vs. 3.2 mm, P = 0.018). The location of postoperative inflection was associated with variation in 3M alignment: Inflection C6 or above was associated with less Pelvic Tilt (PT), PT and a trend of larger cSVA. Location of inflection or inclusion in fusion was not associated with reoperation or distal junctional kyphosis. Conclusions: Incorporating the inflection point between CL and TK in the fusion construct was associated with superior restoration of cervical alignment and horizontal gaze for surgical CD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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158. Inflection Phenomenon in Cryogenic MOSFET Behavior.
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Beckers, Arnout, Jazaeri, Farzan, and Enz, Christian
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INFLECTION (Grammar) , *DENSITY of states , *GAUSSIAN distribution , *METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors , *DEBYE temperatures - Abstract
This brief reports the analytical modeling and measurements of the inflection in the MOSFET transfer characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. Inflection is the inward bending of the drain current versus gate voltage, which reduces the current in weak and moderate inversion at a given gate voltage compared to the drift-diffusion current. This phenomenon is explained by introducing a Gaussian distribution of localized states centered around the band edge. The localized states are attributed to disorder and interface traps. The proposed model allows to extract the density of localized states at the interface from the dc current measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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159. Analogy in inflectional change: Modification or whole-word replacement?
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HILL, EUGEN
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MORPHOLOGY (Grammar) , *HISTORICAL linguistics , *PHONOLOGY , *ENGLISH language , *DATA analysis - Abstract
With regard to change in inflection, historical linguistics fundamentally relies on the concept of morphological analogy, which is held responsible for nearly all change not attributable to phonological factors. Despite its central importance, how morphological analogy operates has never been established. Two different opinions are held in contemporary linguistics. The first position assumes that morphological analogy modifies inherited inflectional forms, making them more similar to other inflectional forms. According to the second position, in the course of morphological analogy, inherited inflectional forms are not merely modified but rather are replaced by forms created entirely anew on a model pattern already present in the grammar. This research report tries to establish what kind of data may constitute the evidence sufficient to differentiate between the two views. It argues that all relevant data point to whole-word replacement as the only mechanism of analogical change in inflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
160. Non-sound' verb Inflection in Arabic: Allomorphic variation and paradigmatic uniformity.
- Author
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Farwaneh, Samira
- Abstract
Focusing on the Levantine Arabic variety, this paper investigates the paradigmatic asymmetry observed in the inflection of sound verbs whose stems contain three or four consonants and non-sound verbs whose stems contain only two consonantal realizations. It provides a unified account of verb inflection within Optimality Theory and the theory of paradigms. The target of investigation is the allomorphic variation in the non-third person markers which appear in their basic allomorph in inflected sound verbs, but appear in their augmented éeC form in the paradigms of non-sound (weak and geminate) verbs. Previous analyses have viewed this paradigmatic inconsistency as arbitrary exceptions requiring highly specific rules or allomorphic postulates, thus treating the sound and non-sound verb systems as two distinct types. This paper shows that the interaction of independently-motivated markedness constraints with paradigmatic uniformity constraints is capable of producing these allomorphic effects without recourse to ad-hoc rules or arbitrary allomorphic statements. The two verbal types are therefore treated as a unified system. The Optimality-theoretic account of affix allomorphy accords a prime role to the markedness constraint optimizing binarity of prosodic constituents, and rhythmic and prosodic uniformity within and across inflectional subparadigms the interaction of which explains the emergence of the augmented allomorph of the affix. The paper advocates an expanded definition of paradigms allowing grammatical categories such as gender, person, case, etc. to form subparadigms subject to what I refer to as paradigm-to-paradigm faithfulness requiring paradigmatic identity within a grammatical category regardless of verb type. Hollow verbs which present an interesting challenge to the analysis are discussed and accounted for by highlighting the role of Anchor in differentiating between hollow verbs and other non-sound verbs. The paper ends with a comparison with the contrast analysis of Broselow (2008) demonstrating on empirical grounds the superiority of the uniformity against the contrast account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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161. « Articles contractés » ou « preposizioni articolate » ?: L'aboutissement d'un processus de grammaticalisation.
- Author
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Sőrés, Anna
- Abstract
The morphemes such as the French au or the Italien nel are designed by different terms in grammars of Romance languages, which shows that it is difficult to identify the lexical category of this type of fusional morpheme. The aim of this paper is to propose a detailed analysis of these contracted forms. I suggest that the fusion occurs during a secondary grammaticalization. This process involves, on the one hand, the definite article, i.e. a grammatical element, and, on the other hand, some prepositions which, semantically, can be functional or lexical but which function syntactically as grammatical elements. The analysis shows that case inflection of nominals has been transferred to the preposition while the other categories appear in the article which merged with prepositions. Therefore, the fusional forms can be considered as prepositions marked by the grammatical categories of gender, number and definiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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162. Formy celownika, narzędnika i miejscownika liczby mnogiej rzeczowników w Sprawie chędogiej o męce Pana Chrystusowej i w Historyi Trzech Kroli (kodeks Wawrzyńca z Łaska, 1544).
- Author
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OSIEWICZ, MAREK
- Abstract
Copyright of Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego is the property of Polish Linguistic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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163. Towards an assessment of decasuative derivation in Indo-European.
- Author
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Fortson IV, Benjamin W.
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INFLECTION (Grammar) ,LINGUISTICS ,MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The currently popular model of decasuative derivation has been criticized on various grounds, both typological and comparative. This paper assesses both the critique and the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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164. The natural history of verb-stem reduplication in Bantu
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Hyman, Larry M.
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Sign Language ,Phonology ,Comparative Linguistics ,Linguistics (general) ,Partial reduplication ,Bantu ,Verb stem ,Derivation ,Inflection ,Bisyllabic foot - Abstract
In this study I present a comparative and historical analysis of “frequentative” Bantu verb-stem reduplication, many of whose variants have been described for a number of Eastern and Southern Bantu languages. While some languages have full-stem compounding, where the stem consists of the verb root plus any and all suffixes, others restrict the reduplicant to two syllables. Two questions are addressed: (i) What was the original nature of reduplication in Proto-Bantu? (ii) What diachronic processes have led to the observed variation? I first consider evidence that the frequentative began as full-stem reduplication, which then became restricted either morphologically (by excluding inflectional and ultimately derivational suffixes) and/or phonologically (by imposing a bisyllabic maximum size constraint). I then turn to the opposite hypothesis and consider evidence and motivations for a conflicting tendency to rebuild full-stem reduplication from the partial reduplicant. I end by attempting to explain why the partial reduplicant is almost always preposed to the fuller base.
- Published
- 2009
165. Enhancing Concept Extraction from Polish Texts with Rule Management
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Szwed, Piotr, Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Liu, Ting, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Kozielski, Stanisław, editor, Mrozek, Dariusz, editor, Kasprowski, Paweł, editor, Małysiak-Mrozek, Bożena, editor, and Kostrzewa, Daniel, editor
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- 2016
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166. On the Relationship between Frequency, Features, and Markedness in Inflection: Experimental Evidence from Russian Nouns
- Author
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Jeff Parker
- Subjects
inflection ,morphology ,frequency ,features ,markedness ,Russian ,Language and Literature - Abstract
Markedness has a long tradition in linguistics as a way to describe linguistic asymmetries. In this paper, I investigate an argument about the necessity of markedness as a tool for capturing the structural distribution of inflectional affixes and predicting the behavioral consequences of that distribution. Based on evidence from German adjectives, Clahsen et al. argue that the number of specified features of inflectional affixes (which I argue represents a type of markedness) affects reaction times in lexical access. Affixes’ features, however, overlap with how frequently they occur. Clahsen et al. investigate only three affixes in German, leaving open questions about the relationship between the two factors and whether features are necessary as a predictor of lexical processing. In this paper, I use a larger set of inflectional affixes in Russian to test the relationship between affix features and affix frequency. I find that the two traits of affixes are correlated based on frequencies from a corpus and that in a lexical decision task, affix frequency is the better predictor of response times. My results suggest that we should question the necessity of featural markedness for explaining how inflectional structure is processed and, more generally, that both corpus and experimental data suggest a surprisingly close relationship between affix features and affix frequency.
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- 2021
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167. Computational Approaches to Morphology
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Keuleers, Emmanuel
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- 2018
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168. Principal parts, (f)lexemes and morphological patterns. A resource for Latin inflection in LiLa
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Pellegrini, Matteo
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Latin ,Language Resource ,Linked Data ,Inflection ,Principal Parts - Abstract
Presentation given at the closing event of the ERC-COG fundedproject "Linking Latin"
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- 2023
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169. Neural correlates of morphology computation and representation
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Royle, Phaedra, Steinhauer, Karsten, and Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie
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Morphology ,Child language ,Bilingualism ,Inflection ,Sentence processing ,Second-language learning ,Lexical access ,Compounding ,Derivation - Abstract
In this chapter, we critically review experiments on morphological processing focusing on compounds, derived and inflected words. Two main types of experiments are presented, those with single word or priming paradigms and those involving sentence processing, while focusing on morphological properties of words. We present as much cross-linguistic data as possible, in order to extract commonalities in morphological processing found across languages. Furthermore, studies on second-language learners, and occasionally early bilinguals, as well as child language development are presented, as they provide interesting data on differences and changes in brain behavior relating to morphological processing. Following this we discuss domains of further research while highlighting issues in data interpretation for present and future studies, in the hopes that readers will be encouraged to develop innovative research paradigms for the study of morphological processing.
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- 2023
170. A Multi-purpose Bayesian Model for Word-Based Morphology
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Janicki, Maciej, Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Liu, Ting, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Mahlow, Cerstin, editor, and Piotrowski, Michael, editor
- Published
- 2015
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171. ГРАМАТИЧНІ ЗАСОБИ ВИРАЖЕННЯ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ І СЛОВОТВІРНИХ КАТЕГОРІЙ ЛАТИНСЬКОГО ПРИКМЕТНИКА / GRAMMATICAL MEANS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND WORD BUILDING CATEGORIES OF THE LATIN ADJECTIVE
- Author
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Марія ТЕЛЕКИ
- Subjects
adjective ,morphological category of an adjective ,word building categories of adjective ,grammatical means of expressing ,inflection ,suffix ,prefix ,имя прилагательное ,морфологические категории прилагательного ,словообразовательные категории прилагательного ,грамматические средства выражения ,флексия ,суффикс ,префикс ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Телеки М. Грамматические средства выражения морфологических и словообразовательных категорий латинского прилагательного. В статье использован категорийный подход к изучению латинского имени прилагательного, опирающегося на определении прилагательного как части речи, имеющего отношение к грамматическим категориям. Проанализированы морфологические и словообразовательные категории прилагательного. Раскрыты смысловые и формальные различия между ними, обнаружено расхождение в их количественном измерении. Освещены грамматические средства их выражения. Охарактеризованы суффиксы и префиксы, выделяющие соответствующие словообразовательные категории прилагательного. Ключевые слова: имя прилагательное, морфологические категории прилагательного, словообразовательные категории прилагательного, грамматические средства выражения, флексия, суффикс, префикс. Teleky M. Grammatical means of morphological and word building categories of the Latin adjective. The categorical approach to the study of the Latin adjective based on the definition of the adjective as a part of language relating to the grammatical categories has been used in the article. Morphological analysis and word building categories of the Latin adjective have been analyzed. Formal and meaning differences of the Latin adjective have been disclosed as well as the dissimilarity in their quantitative measurement has been detected. Means of expressing grammatical categories of an adjective have been highlighted. Suffixes and prefixes that distinguish appropriate adjective word building categories have been determined. The aim of the article is to highlight grammatical means of expressing of morphological and structural word categories in the Latin adjective that function in clinical terminology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neurology. The adjective as morphological unit is distinguished by semantic, morphological, syntactic, and derivative adjectives are distinguished by word building criteria. Morphological categories of gender, number and case of an adjective serve as a means of expressing of syntactic subjection of an adjective to a noun. Forms of gender, number and case are always determined by the grammatical forms of the noun. Suffixes and prefixes are the representatives of structural word categories. Adjective word building processes are aimed at creating names signs, properties, and qualities. Their variety allow distinguishing the category of insufficient degree in identification of the signs of excessive intensity of signs, possessive category and the locative attributive category among the very many categories of structural word - building categories of an adjective that operate in medical clinical terminology. Adjectives in clinical medical terminology are one of the most used parts of Latin, transmitting static (non-procedural) sign of a subject has inflexional morphological category of gender, number and case caused by signified noun. Word building categories of adjective combining different types of word formation, are wider in comparison with the morphological categorical values. The difference between them is in means of expressing grammatical meanings: morphological categories are related to inflection, word building categories are related to suffixes and prefixes. Key words: adjective, morphological category of an adjective, word building categories of adjective, grammatical means of expressing, inflection, suffix, prefix.
- Published
- 2017
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172. Morphological and Syntactic (non-)finiteness. A Comparison between English and Balkan Languages
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M. Rita Manzini and Anna Roussou
- Subjects
Infinitive ,Inflection ,Participle ,Preposition ,Subject ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 ,Oriental languages and literatures ,PJ - Abstract
In English, finiteness has an extremely limited realization in morphology and is almost exclusively defined in syntax. In particular, there are two main morphological forms, the stem and the stem followed by the -ed ending, which function as finite or as non-finite (infinitive, participle) depending on the syntactic context. We propose that the main split of English is aspectual and tense and mood specifications are derived by the syntactico-semantic context. Importantly, there is no necessary connection between the form that non-finite complementation takes in English and the reduced inflectional paradigm of the language. Geg Albanian and Romanian are richly inflected languages. Yet the short infinitive of Romanian coincides with the verb stem; the Geg Albanian verb stem externalizes the infinitive (paskajore) and participle. Therefore in Balkan languages as well, non-finiteness is defined by syntactic context. Specific attention is paid to the role of the subject and of prepositional introducers in disambiguating the relevant verb forms.
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- 2019
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173. Empty morphemes in Dutch dialect atlases: Reducing morphosyntactic variation by refining emptiness typology
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Edoardo Cavirani and Marc van Oostendorp
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Emptiness ,Dutch dialects ,Phonology ,Morhosyntax ,inflection ,agreement ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
In the literature on Dutch morphosyntactic microvariation, it is sometimes assumed that a subpart of Dutch dialects lack certain morphemes, because they have no direct phonetic exponent. More careful analyses, however, suggest that these dialects display so-called zero morphemes, whose presence is argued for either on paradigmatic or phonological ground. In this contribution, we present some examples of such morphemes in the verbal inflection and adjectival concord systems, and develop an analysis that, by exploiting the formal mechanism relating underlying and surface phonological representations provided by Turbidity Theory, allows for the formalization of various degrees of emptiness: morphosyntactic, phonological and phonetic. This, in turn, allows for the shifting of the burden of (some instances of) microvariation from morphosyntax to PF.
- Published
- 2019
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174. David Brewster's and William Herschel's experiments on inflection that delivered the coup de grâce to Thomas Young's ether distribution hypothesis.
- Author
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Morizot O
- Abstract
In his 'Theory of Light and Colours', presented to the Royal Society in November 1801, Thomas Young defended a mechanical explanation of the coloured fringes observed outside of the shadow of an opaque object - the so-called 'colours by inflection' - that was based on the hypothesis of an ethereal density gradient surrounding all material bodies. However, two years later, he publicly rejected that hypothesis, without giving much detail of his reasons. Although Geoffrey Cantor has demonstrated the crucial role of mechanical and astronomical arguments in explaining the withdrawal of this fundamental hypothesis long ago, the purpose of this article is to draw deeper attention to a set of experiments performed by David Brewster on the inflection of light, described in a letter he addressed to the Royal Society in January 1802, but was retained by William Herschel, and finally was neither read before the Society, nor published in its Philosophical Transactions . For the hypothesis that will be evaluated here is that these unpublished experiments of Brewster's were eventually known to Young through the mediation of Herschel, and eventually played a significant role in Young's rejection of his ether distribution hypothesis.
- Published
- 2023
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175. Terminy „sufiks' i „końcówka' w polskiej terminologii gramatycznej
- Author
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Marek Stachowski
- Subjects
word formation ,grammatical terminology ,suffix ,inflection ,desinence ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
The Terms “Suffix” and “Desinence” among Polish Grammatical Terms The Polish grammatical tradition seems unique in that the strict limiting of the use of the term “desinence, ending” to inflection and that of “suffix” to word formation is observed. This author argues against an obligatory status of that differentiation. His opinion is that both terms should interchangeably be used because a special term for an inflectional suffix (= “ending”) generally only produces redundant syntagms as is, for instance, the case with “genitive ending” = “inflectional genitive suffix”. A special problem concerns the English suffix -ing that forms both inflectional forms (a beating boy) and gerunds (beating a boy) and cannot actually be classified as either “suffix” or “desinence” (the fact that the term “gerund” is used for both functions in modern grammars does not eliminate the distinctness of the functions).
- Published
- 2018
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176. Kształtowanie się terminologii fleksyjnej w polskim piśmiennictwie gramatycznym lat 1817–1939
- Author
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Anna Czelakowska
- Subjects
terminology ,history of linguistics ,morphology ,inflection ,word formation ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
Shaping of Inflection Terminology in Polish Grammatical Literature in Years 1817–1939 The paper presents the process of shaping of the canon of morphological terminology in Polish grammatical literature published in years 1817–1939. The author shows the evolution of the conceptual system of inflection, while paying attention to gradual distinction between inflection and word formation terminology, and to those who created and popularized terms that function to this day. The final part of the paper reflects on the consequences of the overlap of tradition and contemporary terminological decisions, as the analysed examples show that, within Polish grammatical terminology, there co-exist separate subsystems connected with linguistic descriptions created in different methodologies and different times. The result is ambiguity of certain terms, existence of different terms for the same notion, and frequently also fuzziness of definitions. Contemporary researchers, seeking to make terminological systems more precise, must also remember about the rules of commonness and of consolidation of terms within the language, with respect to specific notions.
- Published
- 2018
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177. Flow Field Explorations in a Boundary Layer Pump Rotor for Improving 1D Design Codes
- Author
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Rosa Freschi, Agapi Bakogianni, David John Rajendran, Eduardo Anselmi Palma, Lorenzo Talluri, and Ioannis Roumeliotis
- Subjects
boundary layer pumps ,design code ,Navier–Stokes ,Mechanical Engineering ,velocity profiles ,volute loss modelling ,3D RANS ,inflection ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
Boundary layer pumps, although attractive due to their compactness, robustness and multi-fluid and phase-handling capability, have been reported to have low experimental efficiencies despite optimistic predictions from analytical models. A lower-order flow-physics-based analytical model that can be used as a 1D design code for sizing and predicting pump performance is described. The rotor component is modelled by means of the Navier–Stokes equations as simplified using velocity profiles in the inter-disk gap, while the volute is modelled using kinetic-energy-based coefficients inspired by centrifugal pumps. The code can predict the rotor outlet and overall pump pressure ratio with an around 3% and 10% average error, respectively, compared to the reference experimental data for a water pump. Moreover, 3D RANS flow-field explorations of the rotor are carried out for different inter-disk gaps to provide insights concerning the improvement of the 1D design code for the better prediction of the overall pump performance. Improvements in volute loss modelling through the inclusion of realistic flow properties at the rotor outlet rather than the detailed resolution of the velocity profiles within the rotor are suggested as guidelines for improved predictions. Such improved design codes could close the gap between predictions and experimental values, thereby paving the way for the appropriate sizing of boundary layer pumps for several applications, including aircraft thermal management.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. Inter-individual variability in morphological processing: An ERP study on German plurals
- Author
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Laura Anna Ciaccio, Audrey Bürki, and Harald Clahsen
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,LAN ,400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Inflection ,Morphological violations ,Response dominance index ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Event-related potentials - Abstract
Previous studies on the neuro-cognition of language have provided a strong case for systematic inter-individual variability in event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked during language processing. In the present study, we aimed at extending this evidence to the processing of morphologically complex words. We focused on German plural forms and tested two types of morphological violations: overapplications of regular plural morphemes (‘regularizations’) and of irregular plural morphemes (‘irregularizations’). The group-level results showed a biphasic LAN-P600 response for regularizations, and a P600 for irregularizations. In line with previous reports, our analyses of inter-individual variability suggested that biphasic responses consisting of a negativity followed by a positivity are unlikely to exist at the individual level. Importantly, when analyzing the scalp distribution of ERPs elicited in participants supposed to show negativity-dominant responses, we found this to vary as a function of the type of morphological form: regularizations elicited a left-hemisphere response (LAN), while irregularizations a more widespread negativity (N400). Our results are consistent with dual-route accounts of morphological processing that distinguish between rule-based processing for regular inflection and memory retrieval for irregular inflection. At a more general level, our study shows that complementing group-level results with analyses of inter-individual variability can crucially contribute to a more detailed understanding of brain signatures of language.
- Published
- 2023
179. Singulative Systems
- Author
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Dali, Myriam, Mathieu, Eric, Cabredo Hofherr, Patricia, book editor, and Doetjes, Jenny, book editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Noun Classes and Plurality in Bantu Languages
- Author
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Marten, Lutz, Cabredo Hofherr, Patricia, book editor, and Doetjes, Jenny, book editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Inflectional Morphology
- Author
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Stump, Gregory
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Evaluatives in Morphology
- Author
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Grandi, Nicola
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Suppletion
- Author
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Veselinova, Ljuba N.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Derivational Morphology
- Author
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Lieber, Rochelle
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Inflectional Variation in the Old English Participle. A Corpus-Based Analysis.
- Author
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Ojanguren López, Ana Elvira
- Subjects
OLD English language ,PARTICIPLE (Grammar) ,ENGLISH language ,CORPORA - Abstract
The aim of this article is to to determine how widespread the inflection of the Old English participles is, and whether the present and the past participle of Old English show the same degree of variation as to inflection. A total of 4,783 participles have been found in the corpus. The evidence suggests that the process of deflexion must have begun in the past participle, which evinces around one half of uninflected forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Asymmetries in Language Acquisition
- Author
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Hendriks, Petra and Hendriks, Petra
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Fitting of Discrete Data with GERBS
- Author
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Bratlie, Jostein, Dalmo, Rune, Zanaty, Peter, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Lirkov, Ivan, editor, Margenov, Svetozar, editor, and Waśniewski, Jerzy, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. A novel unsupervised corpus-based stemming technique using lexicon and corpus statistics.
- Author
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Singh, Jasmeet and Gupta, Vishal
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL language processing , *LEXICON , *INFORMATION retrieval , *SENTIMENT analysis , *FIRE testing , *DOCUMENT clustering - Abstract
Word Stemming is a widely used mechanism in the fields of Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, and Language Modeling. Language-independent stemmers discover classes of morphologically related words from the ambient corpus without using any language related rules. In this article, we proposed a fully unsupervised language-independent text stemming technique that clusters morphologically related words from the corpus of the language using both lexical and co-occurrence features such as lexical similarity, suffix knowledge, and co-occurrence similarity. The method applies to a wide range of inflectional languages as it identifies morphological variants formed through different linguistic processes such as affixation, compounding, conversion, etc. The proposed approach has been tested in Information Retrieval application for four languages (English, Marathi, Hungarian, and Bengali) using standard TREC, CLEF, and FIRE test collections. A significant improvement over word-based retrieval, five other corpus-based stemmers, and rule-based stemmers has been achieved in all the languages. Besides, information retrieval, the proposed approach has also been tested in text classification and inflection removal tasks. Our algorithm excelled over other baseline methods in all the test scenarios. Thus, we successfully achieved the objective of developing a multipurpose stemming algorithm that cannot only be used for information retrieval task but also for non-traditional tasks such as text classification, sentiment analysis, inflection removal, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Prosodic effects on L2 grammars.
- Author
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Goad, Heather and White, Lydia
- Subjects
GRAMMAR ,INFLECTION (Grammar) ,SEMANTICS ,MORPHOSYNTAX ,COMPREHENSION - Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Prosodic Transfer Hypothesis (PTH), which accounts for certain difficulties that learners experience with L2 morphosyntax. We focus on inflection and articles, which have often been accounted for through defective syntactic representations or problems with the interface between morphology and syntax (inflection) and between semantics or discourse/pragmatics and syntax (articles). We argue that some problems in these domains reflect transfer of L1 prosodic constraints: certain forms cannot be prosodically represented as target-like and hence are omitted or mispronounced. We trace how the PTH has developed over time, from its initial instantiation as involving permanent L1 transfer, to currently, where L1 representations are seen as adaptable to the needs of the L2, and new representations can in fact be acquired. We provide an overview of work conducted in this framework and discuss how the theory has been extended beyond production to encompass comprehension and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Absence of material exponence: A newcomer to the domain of non-canonicity.
- Author
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Stolz, Thomas and Levkovych, Nataliya
- Subjects
GRAMMATICAL categories ,INFLECTION (Grammar) - Abstract
The paper argues in favor of considering the absence of material exponence (AOME) of grammatical category a morphological mismatch on a par with established categories such as suppletion and syncretism. It is shown that the phenomenon under review can be integrated into the taxonomy of deviations from canonical inflection as proposed within the framework of Canonical Morphology. Empirical evidence from eleven languages of different genetic, geographic and typological background is presented and discussed. Different kinds of AOME are identified. Their interaction with other non-canonical phenomena is discussed additionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. Word form shapes are selected to be morphotactically indicative.
- Author
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Baumann, Andreas, Prömer, Christina, and Ritt, Nikolaus
- Subjects
- *
PHONOTACTICS , *LINGUISTICS , *PHONOLOGY , *LANGUAGE & languages , *VOWELS - Abstract
This paper explores the hypothesis that morphotactically ambiguous segment sequences should be dispreferred and selected against in the evolution of languages. We define morphotactically ambiguous sequences as sequences that can occur both within morphemes and across boundaries, such as final /nd/ or /mz/ in ModE, which occur in simple forms like wind or alms and in complex ones like sinned or seems. We test the hypothesis in two diachronic corpus studies of Middle and Early Modern English word forms ending in clusters of sonorants followed by /d/ or /t/ and /s/ or /z/. These clusters became highly frequent after the loss of unstressed vowels in final syllables and were highly ambiguous when they emerged. Our data show that the ambiguity of these final clusters was indeed reduced so that the distribution of the final clusters became increasingly skewed: clusters ending in voiceless coronals became significantly clearly indicative of simple forms, while clusters ending in voiced ones came to signal inflectional complexity more reliably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Brain responses to morphologically complex verbs: An electrophysiological study of Swedish regular and irregular past tense forms.
- Author
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Schremm, Andrea, Novén, Mikael, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
- *
VERBS , *BRAIN , *INFLECTION (Grammar) , *VOCABULARY , *LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
The present electrophysiological study investigated irregular versus regular verb form processing in Swedish during reading. In line with previous results from other languages, overregularized verbs, i.e. incorrect irregular stem + regular past tense suffix combinations (e.g. * stjäl + de 'steal + past tense'), elicited a left-lateralized negativity (LAN) relative to correct irregulars (stal 'stole'), suggesting rule-based decomposition of regularly inflected words. Lack of a similar effect for misapplication of the irregular stem formation pattern on regular verbs (e.g. * löft 'lifted' instead of lyfte) suggests the involvement of different processing mechanisms, possibly whole word access, for irregular items, at least to some degree. A P600 showing reprocessing was seen for all incorrect forms. The results add cross-linguistic support for morphological decomposition in the verbal inflection of a language where results from previous neurolinguistic studies of nominal inflection have only suggested the use of full-form access to words. • ERPs of both overregularized and irregularized verbs in Swedish were recorded. • LAN obtained for overregularized verbs suggests rule-based decomposition. • Irregularized verbs elicited only a P600 relative to the correct variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. Chapter 4: Why is gender so complex? Some typological considerations.
- Author
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Nichols, Johanna
- Abstract
A cross-linguistic survey shows that languages with gender can have very high levels of morphological complexity, especially where gender is coexponential with case as in many Indo-European languages. If languages with gender are complex overall, apart from their gender, then gender can be regarded as an epiphenomenon of overall language complexity that tends to arise only as an incidental complication in already complex morphological systems. I test and falsify that hypothesis; apart from the gender paradigms themselves, gender languages are no more complex than others. The same is shown for the other main classificatory categories of nouns, numeral classifiers and possessive classes. Person, the other important indexation category, proves to be less complex, and I propose that the reason for this is that person, but not gender, is referential, allowing hierarchical patterning to emerge as a decomplexifying mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. СИНТЕТИЗАМ И АНАЛИТИЗАМ ВО ГЕРМАНСКИОТ И ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК
- Author
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Маролова, Даринка and Христовска, Mарина
- Subjects
- *
INFLECTION (Grammar) , *CLASSIFICATION - Published
- 2019
195. OPTIMIZATION OF THE MORPHER MORPHOLOGY ENGINE USING KNOWLEDGE BASE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES.
- Author
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SZABÓ, Gábor and KOVÁCS, László
- Subjects
KNOWLEDGE base ,NATURAL language processing ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,LOCOMOTIVES - Abstract
Morpher is a novel morphological rule induction engine designed and developed for agglutinative languages. The Morpher engine models inflection using general string-based transformation rules and it can learn multiple arbitrary affix types, too. In order to scale the engine to training sets containing millions of examples, we need an efficient management of the generated rule base. In this paper we investigate and present several optimization techniques using rule elimination based on context length, support and cardinality parameters. The performed evaluation tests show that using the proposed optimization techniques, we can reduce the average inflection time to 0.52%, the average lemmatization time to 2.59% and the number of rules to 2.25% of the original values, while retaining a high correctness ratio of 98%. The optimized model can execute inflection and lemmatization in acceptable time after training millions of items, unlike other existing methods like Morfessor, MORSEL or MorphoChain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. EL ESTATUTO DE LA FORMA EN LA ARQUITECTURA DE BORROMINI. BARROCO, TRAGEDIA Y DESMESURA.
- Author
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Fernández García, Patricia
- Abstract
Copyright of En Blanco: Revista de Arquitectura is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. PÍSMENNÉ KONCOVKY ČÍSLOVEK V ELEKTRONICKÉ KOMUNIKACI: KONTRASTIVNÍ POHLED.
- Author
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JANEČKA, MARTIN
- Subjects
SLAVIC languages ,TELECOMMUNICATION ,GERMANIC languages ,ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling ,GRAPHEMICS - Abstract
In this study, I compare different ways of how numbers and graphemes do not correspond to each other by notation of numerals. Primary attention is dedicated to Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Polish and especially Russian), secondary attention is dedicated to Germanic languages (English, German). This uncorrelation means breaking of orthography rules (or writing system) in certain languages. However, a norm has not been established for this phenomenon in certain languages yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
198. Notions of paradigm and their value in word-formation.
- Author
-
Bauer, Laurie
- Subjects
PARADIGM (Linguistics) ,WORD formation (Grammar) ,LOGICAL prediction ,INFLECTION (Grammar) ,COMPOUND words - Abstract
This paper explores the notion of paradigm within lexical structures, particularly, but not exclusively, morphological structures. It illustrates that the notion of paradigm includes rather more than is usually considered to fall under this heading. It also shows that, although most of the sub-types of paradigm can be found in both inflection and derivation, there are distinctions between paradigms in the two areas. In either case, their value is related to productivity and to predictability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Tense and Aspect in Izọ́n Negation Marker.
- Author
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Predia, Kekai Celestina
- Subjects
NATURAL languages ,GRAMMATICAL categories ,POLARITY (Linguistics) ,CLAUSES (Grammar) ,TENSE (Grammar) - Abstract
In the most, it is established that natural languages code Tense, Aspect, Agreement (TAM) and other grammatical categories on the inflection (INFL) node with the VP shell representing its complement. Thus, a verb in a natural language may inflect for TAM features overtly or otherwise in varied ways. This paper examines the distinctive features of the Izọ́n INFL node with particular reference to the morpho-syntactic manifestations of tense and aspect in Negative polarity. The elements -m-ii and -minimi are isolated for past, present and future tenses in Izọ́n, while de and -ii instantiates perfective and imperfective aspects respectively. Three distinct negation (NEG) markers are identified namely; -gha', -kmo and e'in. While -gha' distinguishes reference time based on the specified time in an underlying affirmative clause, -kmo clusters round present time on the time line as such negates only in imperative clauses otherwise translates as an adverbial. e'in is distinguished as an unexpanded polar response element, while na'a' is an auxiliary. The study is cast within the framework-free approach and posits that, the choice to make in negating an underlying proposition with the tense or aspect feature intact is not only triggered by the clause type but by the tense or aspect marking on the core-predicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
200. Categorial shift: foundations, extensions, and consequences.
- Author
-
Mithun, Marianne
- Subjects
- *
GRAMMATICAL categories , *CODE switching (Linguistics) , *SEMANTICS (Philosophy) , *SEMANTICS , *GRAMMAR - Abstract
As the papers in this volume make clear, categorial shift is often not categorical. Category-altering processes do not necessarily shift all morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of their input simultaneously or completely (Noonan, 1985/2007; Mackenzie, 1987; Lehmann, 1988; Givón 1990, 2001, 2011; Croft, 1991; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, 1993, 2003; Cristofaro, 2003; Malchukov, 2004, 2006; Nikolaeva, 2007; Mithun, 2016a). A number of factors can affect the output of such processes, their course of development, and their consequences for the shapes of grammars. Here each of these issues is examined in turn. First is the identification of the lexical categories involved in the shifts: the structural level at which they take place (roots, bases, stems, words) and the criteria by which they are defined (morphological, syntactic, semantic). Also pertinent here is the nature of the shift processes, in particular, conversion. Second are some recurring trajectories of development of shift processes involving their extension to larger domains of structure. Third are some effects categorial shift processes can have on other aspects of grammar. • Shifting categories may be roots, bases, stems, words, or phrases. • Criteria for categorization may be morphological and/or syntactic. • Conversion (or zero derivation) may take place at any level. • Shifts may be extended over time from lower to higher levels of structure. • Shifts may trigger other grammatical developments, i.e. new categories and paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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