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The spread of non-native species threatens biodiversity and exacerbates societal challenges like food security. To address this, effective conservation programs require detection methods that are easy to implement, accurate, and non-invasive. Over the past 15 years, environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have gained popularity, surpassing traditional sampling methods. In this context, our study focused on tracking the invasive host–pathogen complex Pseudorasbora parva and Sphaerothecum destruens using eDNA metabarcoding. We collected water samples from freshwater canals over five months in the Camargue region, and once in Corsica Island, both in southern France. Total DNA was extracted from filtered water samples, and PCR-amplicons were sequenced using Illumina or Nanopore technologies. Our results revealed a high detection rate of P. parva in lentic ecosystems, aligning with habitat preferences of this small freshwater fish. Additionally, the detection rate in Camargue increased in May and June, likely due to the peak of the spawning season, which leads to more DNA being released into the environment (i.e., concentration and interaction of individuals). While eDNA successfully detected this invasive fish, we were unable to detect its cryptic fungal parasite, S. destruens, highlighting the challenges of identifying intracellular and cryptic fungal pathogens through eDNA methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global temperatures increase, the spatiotemporal arrangement of thermal habitats in Florida rivers may shift, creating the potential for greater dispersal and establishment of nonnative tropical freshwater fishes. To understand how water temperature changes may affect the spatial distribution of these nonnative species, more effective water temperature prediction models are necessary. Currently, most models employ either a generalized air–water temperature relationship or require expensive and complicated tools to measure hydrometeorological factors (e.g. groundwater input). Thus, we developed a novel modeling approach that is accurate, accessible, and cost-effective in allowing fisheries managers to project water temperatures in rivers across Central and North Florida. To characterize the potential for nonnative fishes to spread northward, we evaluated two hardy and abundant species currently found primarily in South Florida: Mayan Cichlid (Mayaheros urophthalmus) and Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus). Our results show an increase in thermally suitable winter days for both species in 10 of 11 rivers studied, consistent with predicted water temperature warming under 16 climate-change scenarios spanning different levels of air temperature warming (+1 °C, +2 °C, +3 °C, +4 °C) and precipitation/groundwater thermal sensitivity (0, 0.33, 0.66, 1). Considering resource limitations, fisheries managers can use our water temperature modeling approach to predict effects of climate change on Mayan Cichlid and Oscar survival, growth, and dispersal and take actions to manage potential northward movement of these species. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS: Mayan Cichlids and Oscars are nonnative cichlids that were introduced to South Florida and have since been documented in watersheds farther north in the state. Cold water temperatures are the main factor limiting northward movement of Mayan Cichlids and Oscars; however, climate change may enable these species to move into previously uninhabitable water bodies due to warming temperatures. Precipitation- and groundwater-corrected water temperature models are more accurate than traditional air–water temperature models in predicting thermal habitat conditions and provide an accurate, cost-effective approach for fisheries professionals to predict survival, growth, and dispersal of Mayan Cichlids and Oscars in Florida rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to simultaneously study vertebrate diversity holds promise to accelerate conservation efforts, especially in freshwater systems which are among the most imperiled in the world. Here, using eDNA sampling, we identify patterns of vertebrate biodiversity across different habitats of the Kankakee River watershed, one of the most diverse lotic systems in Illinois, USA. Our eDNA metabarcoding analyses identified 147 different taxa, including 77 fishes, 38 birds, 24 mammals, five amphibians and three reptiles at 11 locations in the watershed, including tributaries and mainstem stretches upstream and within the Kankakee River State Park protected area. When compared to seining, eDNA sampling consistently detected more fish species, including non-native and imperiled species. We also found that vertebrate communities among the different habitats significantly varied in taxonomic composition, showing an upstream-downstream shift along the mainstem river as well as tributary-specific assemblages. Our study demonstrates the ability of single-marker eDNA metabarcoding to simultaneously document aquatic and terrestrial communities across large temperate lotic ecosystems and to monitor diversity patterns across protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The San Miguel Island fox (SMIF) is a new host and range record for Pachysentis canicola. • Pachysentis canicola causes intestinal damage, necrosis, peritonitis, and death in SMIFs. • SMIFs had poorer body condition and lower weight after the parasite was first detected. • SMIFs are inherently vulnerable to stochastic events and P. canicola might exacerbate this risk. In the late 1990s, the San Miguel Island fox (Urocyon littoralis littoralis) faced near-extinction. Fourteen of the 15 remaining foxes were placed into an island-based captive breeding program used to repopulate the island. Although the fox population in San Miguel reached pre-decline numbers by 2010, a second decline started around 2014, coincidental with a newly observed acanthocephalan parasite. To identify this introduced acanthocephalan species and determine the pathologic consequences of its infection on the health of foxes, we used an extensive record of island fox necropsies and associated parasite collections. In addition, we used detailed fox capture-recapture data to investigate population health and demographic trends of foxes before and after parasite emergence. We identify the parasite as Pachysentis canicola, a common acanthocephalan in mainland foxes in North America. The parasite was detected in 69% of the necropsied foxes from San Miguel Island and was not found in any of the other five Channel Island fox subspecies. Health impacts attributed to the acanthocephalan parasite, including erosive and ulcerative enteritis, transmural necrosis, and inflammation, were described in 47% of the foxes infected with the acanthocephalan. Despite infection with various other helminth parasite species, body condition remained good and the mortality rate low in San Miguel Island foxes until the arrival of the acanthocephalan. Body condition improved after 2018, perhaps due to increases in rainfall following a drought, but remained 27% lower than the pre-acanthocephalan period, which suggests that environmental conditions and parasitism jointly drive fox population dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional traits, which shift as a plant develops from seed to adult and may be phylogenetically conserved, are widely acknowledged to be associated with exotic species invasion. However, existing studies comparing functional traits between native and invasive species often focus on a single ontogenetic stage, yielding mixed results. It remains unclear whether the functional trait differences and their relationship with invasiveness (e.g. range size) of exotic species remain consistent across ontogenetic stages.In this study, we experimentally compared 18 traits across the seed, early growth and adult stages of 127 native and exotic species from 19 families. These species are common and often co‐occur in the subtropical region of China. We also explored the linkage between these traits, alongside their phylogenetic relatedness with native species and exotic species' range size in China.Our results show that only seed mass differed between native and exotic species. Moreover, the compositions of traits across all stages and the entire lifespan were primarily influenced by phylogenetic relatedness rather than geographic origin. Further, the range size of exotic species in China positively correlated with their mean phylogenetic distance to native species, with no association with individual functional traits or functional distinctiveness.Synthesis. Our results emphasize the importance of comparing functional traits across ontogenetic stages between native and exotic species to improve our understanding of the role of functional traits in shaping plant invasion. Our findings also underscore the pivotal role of phylogenetic relatedness in shaping plant functional traits and the distribution of exotic species in their new ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Darwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non‐native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as 'Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum'. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum.Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales.Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co‐occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood‐dry‐flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive‐native species over time.Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood‐disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species pose a challenge to ecosystem stability and crop production, so understanding their interactions with the natural communities they invade is crucial to mitigate negative effects.The oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is an invasive insect that attacks chestnut trees. It was first recorded in Spain in 2012 and is now presumably present in the majority of chestnut stands in the country.We assessed variation in the abundance of D. kuriphilus galls and the composition of their associated parasitoid community (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) during a 4‐year period (2014–2017) in 12 sampling sites in Catalonia (Spain, northeastern Iberian Peninsula), and identified which species contributed most significantly to the control of D. kuriphilus.The results show that the abundance of individual parasitoid species varied during the study period and that the number of species increased year after year. There was also a transition in the parasitoid community composition across the years.Our data suggest that the joint action of the non‐native parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo and the native T. notatus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) led to the decline of D. kuriphilus until it was no longer considered a pest. Also, the observed pool of parasitoid species ended up being relatively homogeneous across sites over the years, which may be due to the high natural dispersal of these parasitoids (both by active flight and passive wind dispersal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. Rattus rattus, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by R. rattus are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, R. rattus has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co‐invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). Rattus rattus was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, Abrothrix olivacea and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus exhibited more extensive sympatry with R. rattus. We identified 14 flea species associated with R. rattus, of which only three were native to rats: Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. Leptopsylla segnis and N. fasciatus were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with R. rattus. The remaining species associated with R. rattus were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for Neotyphloceras pardinasi and Sphinctopsylla ares. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores R. rattus' adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Invasive alien species, such as Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), often adapt to new environments, causing significant damage to native ecosystems. L. invasa has led to major economic losses in Eucalyptus plantations in Australia and is spreading globally. To predict its potential distribution, the MaxEnt model was applied using occurrence data and environmental factors. This study found that the pest's distribution is influenced by temperature, precipitation, and human activity. Its ecological niche has expanded from native to invaded regions. Projections indicate that L. invasa will spread further in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and Southern Oceania under future climate conditions. This research emphasizes the need for early detection and control measures to mitigate ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species. Invasive alien species often undergo shifts in their ecological niches when they establish themselves in environments that differ from their native habitats. Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), specifically, has caused huge economic losses to Eucalyptus trees in Australia. The global spread of eucalyptus cultivation has allowed L. invasa to threaten plantations beyond its native habitat. It is, therefore, urgent to implement effective control measures to mitigate the impact of this pest. The optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential global distribution of L. invasa based on occurrence data and environmental variables. The centroid shift, overlap, unfilling, and expansion (COUE) framework was employed to evaluate niche dynamics during the global invasion process by comparing the ecological niches of L. invasa in both native regions and regions affected by invasions (hereafter referred to as "invaded"). The results indicated that the distribution of L. invasa is primarily influenced by temperature, precipitation, and the human influence index variables. Its ecological niche was shown to have considerably expanded from native to invaded regions. Under future climate scenarios, the potential geographical distribution of L. invasa is projected to be concentrated primarily in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and Southern Oceania. In the future, the potentially suitable areas for the establishment of L. invasa are expected to further expand. This study provides a unified framework for exploring the niche dynamics of invasive alien species globally. Emphasizing early warning and control in uninvaded areas is crucial for minimizing L. invasa ecological and economic threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The European Alps host many species of dung beetles that feed on domestic and wild ungulate's dung and provide many benefits to agricultural ecosystems. However, it is not clear whether dung beetles will feed on the dung of species introduced for commercial purposes from other geographical areas. Here, we investigated dung beetle feeding preferences by providing them with cow (local) and alpaca (introduced) dung in four pastures along an altitudinal gradient. We found that the number of species and abundance in the alpaca dung equals or exceeds those found in the cow dung. Moreover, some species showed clear preferences for alpaca dung while few preferred cow dung. Overall, our results suggest that dung beetle plasticity in feeding habits allows them to readily exploit the dung of introduced species and that alpaca dung can help maintain dung beetle richness in the studied area. Dung beetles mostly feed on mammal dung. Throughout the European Alps, the dung produced by local domestic ungulates attracts many species of dung beetles, giving rise to rich and diversified communities that play an important role in the Alpine agricultural ecosystem. There is, therefore, understandable concern about the introduction of exotic livestock, such as alpacas (Vicugna pacos (Linnaeus, 1758)), into the region. This research studied dung beetle assemblages in an Alpine valley where both cattle and alpacas are raised. We used standardized pitfall traps baited with alpaca or cow dung along altitudinal transects to assess the "attractiveness" of the two resources to dung beetles. Most species entered both trap types. The average number of species per trap did not vary significantly and the nMDS trap ordination largely overlapped, but the total number of individuals and the average number of individuals per trap were higher in traps baited with alpaca dung. This difference was largely due to the preference of the dominant species Euheptaulacus carinatus (Germar, 1824) for alpaca dung-baited traps. Moreover, both the abundance and specific richness changed with altitude, being greatest in alpaca traps during July at intermediate altitudes. IndVal analyses showed that eight out of nine species (all Aphodiinae) showed a preference for alpaca traps. Since the microclimatic conditions (i.e., temperature) of the two trap types were virtually the same, it is reasonable to consider trophic preferences as the source of the observed differences. Finally, we also sampled the beetles present in the alpaca latrines and cow dung pats deposited on pastures, providing confirmation that dung beetles do indeed visit the dung of both species. Our results emphasize the usefulness of polyphagia and the trophic flexibility of dung beetles, providing evidence that the long history of pastoralism in the Alps has not led local species to adapt to the dung of domestic ungulates. The results also suggest that alpaca breeding could be a sustainable activity since, thanks to the work of dung beetles which feed upon and move the dung into their tunnels (as occurs with cattle dung), there is less need for farmers to remove the dung from pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an economically important pest of sugarcane, rice, and corn in Louisiana, Texas, and Mexico. Due to its tropical and subtropical origin, E. loftini's northern distribution might be limited by cold tolerance. Thus, a series of biological assays was conducted to determine the influence of temperature regimes and photoperiod on E. loftini life table parameters. Development assays revealed that larvae did not complete development to adulthood at temperatures < 22 °C. Adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature. Thermal tolerance assays determined that larvae have high rates of survival at freezing temperatures (−5 °C) for five days. All larvae died after one day at 45 °C. Exposure to a short-day photoperiod improved survival at freezing temperatures, but photoperiod did not influence mortality at high temperatures. These results suggest that E. loftini can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, which may facilitate its range expansion in the United States, although extreme high temperatures could potentially limit its spread in some areas. The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an economically important pest of sugarcane, rice, and corn in Louisiana, Texas, and Mexico. This pest is considered invasive in the US and is expanding its range northward. Due to its subtropical origin, E. loftini's northern distribution might be limited by cold tolerance. A series of assays determined the influence of temperature and photoperiod on E. loftini life table parameters. Adult oviposition was reduced at temperatures > 30 °C. Egg viability was reduced at 20 and 36 °C relative to intermediate temperatures. Egg development time was greatest at 18 °C. Larvae did not develop to the pupal stage at temperatures ≤ 20 °C. Larval duration decreased with increasing temperature from 22 to 36 °C. Adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature from 18 °C (15 d) to 34 °C (7 d). Exposure to a short-day photoperiod decreased larval mortality at −5 °C. Larval survival of >80% up to 5 days at −5 °C suggests E. loftini cold tolerance is sufficient to minimize the influence of hard freezes on overwintering populations. Larval survival for 5 d at 40 °C was 75%. Exposure to 45 °C for periods > 1 d caused 100% mortality. These results suggest that E. loftini exhibits considerable thermal plasticity and cold tolerance, which may facilitate its range expansion in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinus aestuarii is representative of lagoons and is currently defined as a cosmopolitan species across different geographical regions. The objective of this study was to ascertain the species composition, prevalence, density, sex, and seasonal distribution of epibionts hosted by C. aestuarii in the Çanakkale Strait. Samples of C. aestuarii were collected seasonally in Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale Strait) summer, autumn, winter, and spring using a static traditional eel trap. It was observed that the crabs were extensively colonized with bivalves, barnacles, polychaetes, and amphipods, and carried epibionts in the carapace and abdominal region. Additionally, it was observed that males exhibited a greater prevalence of epibionts than females, and that the epibiont load on the crab increased during the winter season. This study reports the first recorded instance of Anomia sp. and Sacculina carcini on C. aestuarii. The study on the invasion of the green crab is of significant importance to gain insight into the behavior, dispersal patterns, and impacts of the species. The knowledge presented here may then be utilized in the development of strategies for the management and control of invasive species, thereby contributing to the conservation of ecosystems and the maintenance of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the influence of cage fish farms and the relevance of considering the inter-individual variation in the diet, we aimed to evaluate the dietary aspects of Geophagus sveni under the influence of cage fish farms in a neotropical reservoir at the individual level. To test the hypothesis that cage fish farms promote changes in the use of food resources at the individual level, we investigated the diet of two groups of G. sveni, one group under the influence of cage fish farms and another group without this influence. We observed that the group's diet composition differed between the sampling areas due to the consumption of pelleted feed and reduced consumption of other items, such as invertebrates and plants, in the cage farm area. At the individual level, we observed specialist individuals in both sampling areas. This individual specialization may indicate that few individuals consumed a large volume of the pelleted feed, which was masked when assessing the group's diet. We also observed that pelleted feed was an additional food item, and we suggest that this availability contributed to individual specialization in the cage farm area. In a general context, we also suggest that due to this supply of an additional highly energetic food item, cage fish farms may be favoring the success of the introduced species. Thus, we emphasize the need for individual evaluations in ecological studies, especially in assessing human-caused effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Amazon rainforest, the replacement of native vegetation by agricultural landscapes is one of the major threats to biodiversity. Peach palm "pupunha" (Bactris gasipaes – Amazonian native) and teak (Tectona grandis – exotic tree species) plantations are currently being implemented replacing Amazon rainforest areas, but there is scarce information regarding the impact of these planted forests on Amazonian biodiversity. In this study, we used dung beetles, a recognized bioindicator group, to evaluate how these planted forests impact the biodiversity in this biome. To assess the impacts of plantation types on dung beetle assemblages, we analyzed their diversity, assemblage structure, and the potential of each species as indicators of the different habitat types (native forest, peach palm and teak plantation) in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. There was a higher diversity of dung beetles in the Amazon native forest when compared to plantations, with teak plantation being the least diverse habitat. Telecoprid dung beetles were more negatively affected by planted forests. Furthermore, the assemblage structure differed among each of the habitats, where 12 species were considered indicators of native forest, and only one species was an indicator of peach palm and teak plantations. This study provided evidence that dung beetle diversity is negatively affected by the implantation of planted forests in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Our findings highlight the importance of conserving native forest, a source of dung beetle species for planted forests, which may help maintain viable dung beetle populations and provide vital ecosystem functions and services to these plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the most serious threats to global biodiversity and one of the leading causes of federal protection required for native species under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA). Our goal was to document how IAS impact threatened and endangered species (T&ES) under the ESA to improve recovery efforts. We reviewed Federal Register listing decisions for 1,545 T&ES listed under the ESA and found that 58% were impacted by IAS. Pacific Island T&ES (97%) face greater threats from IAS compared to Mainland (38%) and Atlantic Island T&ES (22%), but the number of IAS impacting T&ES has increased over time in all 3 geographic areas, except for animals on Atlantic Islands. On Pacific Islands, we found that IAS impacted T&ES most through adverse habitat modification and competition, mainly through invasive plants. Negative interactions caused by IAS on the Mainland were mainly from invasive fish and plants, while on the Atlantic Islands they were caused by invasive mammals and plants. The IAS causing the greatest number of negative interactions included rats (Rattus), wild pigs (Sus), goats (Capra), fish (e.g., Lepomis and Micropterus), and various genera of plants (e.g., Schinus, Rubus, and Psidium). Based on our findings, immediate actions are needed to protect native biodiversity in the U.S. from IAS, especially on Pacific Islands. Such management actions include eradication of IAS, restoration of native habitat, development of robust policies that aim to prevent the further spread and establishment of IAS, and effective decision support tools. These actions will require coordinated leadership to improve recovery of T&ES, especially given the synergistic impacts of international trade and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have altered the dispersal of organisms in the Anthropocene by creating new dispersal mechanisms and altering natural dispersal, with cascading impacts on biodiversity, humans, and ecosystems. Various actions to either promote or limit dispersal will be critical to achieve internationally agreed conservation targets. A classification framework developed in the context of biological invasions has provided valuable insights into dispersal and its management. We extended this framework to encompass all types of dispersal in the Anthropocene. The proposed scheme classifies the movement of organisms into categories associated with active dispersal by humans, human-mediated natural dispersal, and natural dispersal; and can be used to improve our understanding of dispersal, provide policy relevant advice, inform conservation and biosecurity actions, and facilitate monitoring and reporting. The dispersal of organisms in the Anthropocene has been profoundly altered by human activities, with far-reaching consequences for humans, biodiversity, and ecosystems. Managing such dispersal effectively is critical to achieve the 2030 targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Here, we bring together insights from invasion science, movement ecology, and conservation biology, and extend a widely used classification framework for the introduction pathways of alien species to encompass other forms of dispersal. We develop a simple, global scheme for classifying the movement of organisms into the types of dispersal that characterise the Anthropocene. The scheme can be used to improve our understanding of dispersal, provide policy relevant advice, inform conservation and biosecurity actions, and enable monitoring and reporting towards conservation targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive species are a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services, requiring significant resources for management to mitigate impacts. Invasive species management is conducted under policy and funding frameworks that rely on defining nuanced invasion science concepts so they can be operationalized. Climate change has led to a rapidly developing science and terminology related to species ranges and impacts, adding another layer of complexity to invasion science, often with consequences to management and policy. We propose an adaptable framework that organizes invasive species and climate change terminology. The framework describes possible scenarios resulting from climate-change-induced changes to species' ranges and impacts, and serves as a tool to assist decision-making, improve communication, and promote inclusion of terms that reflect a range of perspectives and values. The rapid diversification of terminology associated with invasion ecology is a known barrier to effective communication and management. These challenges are magnified by the addition of terms and concepts related to climate-induced range-shifting taxa and/or changes to impacts. Further, institutional policies and terminologies for invasive species introduce new ambiguities when considering climate change. To alleviate communication and application challenges, we introduce a conceptual framework that organizes climate-related invasion terms, revealing ambiguities and gaps. Additionally, we illustrate how these ambiguities can affect management with four case studies and consider situations where resolution can improve policy and management outcomes. The framework can help users avoid inconsistent use of terminology, and prioritize when to address management and policy consequences related to associated terminological ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mealybug can severely threaten agricultural and horticultural crops and has a widespread distribution in tropical regions, particularly in high-risk invasion areas such as Hainan, which is an important trade port with superior geographical conditions. Traditional morphological methods can no longer meet the requirements for the rapid and precise identification of different insect stages or debris. DNA barcoding has been used to establish efficient molecular identification tools. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was successfully constructed for the rapid identification of mealybugs. The 5′ end COI gene fragments of 12 mealybug species were amplified and sequenced. Furthermore, an mPCR assay was established to identify three common mealybug species in Hainan, namely Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, and Paracoccus marginatus. Condition optimization, sensitivity detection, and field sample testing results prove that the assay can identify the three target species through a single PCR amplification. A sample DNA concentration of as low as 0.1–1 ng/μL can be detected. Additionally, the assay in conjunction with barcode sequencing can identify mealybugs collected in the field, clarifying the distribution and host plants of 12 mealybug species commonly found in Hainan. Thus, the rapid identification of important mealybug species is realized. The establishment of this technology provides an economical and efficient molecular tool for the quarantine and monitoring of mealybugs in Hainan and other regions, which are essential for the detection, monitoring, and early warning of invasive organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a hyperconnected world, framing and managing biological invasions poses complex and contentious challenges, affecting socioeconomic and environmental sectors. This complexity distinguishes the field and fuels polarized debates. In the present article, we synthesize four contentious issues in invasion science that are rarely addressed together: vocabulary usage, the potential benefits of nonnative species, perceptions shifting because of global change, and rewilding practices and biological invasions. Researchers have predominantly focused on single issues; few have addressed multiple components of the debate within or across disciplinary boundaries. Ignoring the interconnected nature of these issues risks overlooking crucial cross-links. We advocate for interdisciplinary approaches that better integrate social and natural sciences. Although they are challenging, interdisciplinary collaborations offer hope to overcome polarization issues in invasion science. These may bridge disagreements, facilitate knowledge exchange, and reshape invasion science narratives. Finally, we present a contemporary agenda to advance future research, management, and constructive dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Combatting biodiversity loss is often hamstrung by a lack of species-specific knowledge. Species considered Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN Red List are poorly understood and often neglected in conservation investment, despite evidence they are often threatened. Reptiles have the highest percentage of DD species for any terrestrial vertebrate group. Aims: We aimed to assess the conservation status of the DD Eungella shadeskink (Saproscincus eungellensis), which is endemic to Eungella National Park, Queensland, Australia. Methods: A combination of a targeted field survey, ecological studies, and species distribution modelling were used. Key results: Saproscincus eungellensis typically occurred within 25 m of streams, at elevations between 700 and 1000 m. The species is thigmothermic, with a low active body temperature (~23–26°C) and was predominantly observed on rocks and fallen palm fronds. The species has a highly restricted distribution with an estimated Area of Occupancy of 36 km2 and Extent of Occurrence of 81.7 km2, comprising one location (defined by the threat of climate change) with an estimated 16,352–52,892 mature individuals. The main threats are fire, invasive alien species and climate change, with the species forecast to lose all suitable habitat by 2080 under all climate change scenarios. Conclusions: The species meets listing criteria for Critically Endangered under Criterion B of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Implications: Our results support recent studies indicating that some DD species are highly threatened. Our approach provides a template for conducting targeted studies to determine the conservation status of DD species, especially those with restricted ranges. Data Deficient species can be neglected in conservation management. We used a targeted field survey, ecological study, and species distribution modelling to determine the conservation status of the Eungella shadeskink. It is confined to areas near water and has a severely restricted Area of Occupancy and Extent of Occurrence. The main threats are fire, invasive alien species and climate change. The species is forecast to lose all climatically suitable habitat by 2080, and meets criteria for Critically Endangered listing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population genetic analysis of invasive populations can provide valuable insights into the source of introductions, pathways for expansion, and their demographic histories. Flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) are a prolific invasive species with high fecundity, long‐distance dispersal, and piscivorous feeding habits that can lead to declines in native fish populations. In this study, we analyse the genetics of invasive P. olivaris in the Mid‐Atlantic region to assess their connectivity and attempt to reconstruct the history of introduced populations. Based on an assessment across 13 microsatellite loci, P. olivaris from the Susquehanna River system (N = 537), Schuylkill River (N = 33), and Delaware River (N = 1) have low genetic diversity (global Hobs = 0.504), although we detected no evidence of substantial inbreeding (FIS = −0.083 to 0.022). P. olivaris from these different river systems were genetically distinct, suggesting separate introductions. However, population structure was much weaker within each river system and exhibited a pattern of high connectivity, with some evidence of isolation by distance. P. olivaris from the Susquehanna and Schuylkill rivers showed evidence for recent genetic bottlenecks, and demographic models were consistent with historical records, which suggest that populations were established by recent founder events consisting of a small number of individuals. Our results show the risk posed by small introductions of P. olivaris, which can spread widely once a population is established, and highlight the importance of prevention and sensitive early detection methods to prevent the spread of P. olivaris in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The global, human‐mediated dispersal of invasive insects is a major driver of ecosystem change, biodiversity loss, crop damage and other effects. Trade flows and invasive species propagule pressure are correlated, and their relationship is essential for predicting and managing future invasions. Invaders do not disperse exclusively from the species' native range. Instead, the bridgehead effect, where established, non‐native populations act as secondary sources of propagule, is recognised as a major driver of global invasion. The resulting pattern of global spread arises from a mixture of global interactions between invasive species, their vectors and, their invaded ranges, which has yet to be fully characterised. Location: Global. Time Period: 1997–2020. Major Taxa Studied: Insects. Methods: We analysed 319,283 border interception records of 514 insect species from a broad range of taxa from four national‐level phytosanitary organisations. We classified interceptions as coming from species native range or from bridgehead countries and examined taxonomic autocorrelation of global movement patterns between species. Results: While 65% of interceptions originated from bridgehead countries, highlighting the importance of the bridgehead effect across taxa, patterns among individual species were highly variable and taxonomically correlated. Forty per cent of species originated almost exclusively from their native range, 28% almost exclusively from their non‐native range and 32% from a mix of source locations. These patterns of global dispersal were geographically widespread, temporally consistent, and taxonomically correlated. Conclusions: Dispersal exclusively from bridgeheads represents an unrecognised pattern of global insect movement; these patterns emphasise the importance of the bridgehead effect and suggest that bridgeheads provide unique local conditions that allow invaders to proliferate differently than in their native range. We connect these patterns of global dispersal to the conditions during the human driven global dispersal of insects and provide recommendations for modellers and policymakers wishing to control the spread of future invasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive species offer outstanding opportunities to identify the genomic sources of variation that contribute to rapid adaptation, as well as the genetic mechanisms facilitating invasions. The Eurasian plant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is highly invasive in North and South American grasslands and known to have evolved increased growth and reproduction during invasion. Here, we develop new genomic resources for C. solstitialis and map the genetic basis of invasiveness traits. We present a chromosome-scale (1N = 8) reference genome using PacBio CLR and Dovetail Omni-C technologies, and functional gene annotation using RNAseq. We find repeat structure typical of the family Asteraceae, with over 25% of gene content derived from ancestral whole-genome duplications (paleologs). Using an F2 mapping population derived from a cross between native and invading parents, with a restriction site-associated DNA (RAD)-based genetic map, we validate the assembly and identify 13 quantitative trait loci underpinning size traits that have evolved during invasion. We find evidence that large effects of quantitative trait loci may be associated with structural variants between native and invading genotypes, including a variant with an overdominant and pleiotropic effect on key invader traits. We also find evidence of significant paleolog enrichment under two quantitative trait loci. Our results add to growing evidence of the importance of structural variants in evolution, and to understanding of the rapid evolution of invaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological networks offer valuable insights into community structure, key species identification, and ecosystem management. Understanding how these networks respond to global change stressors is of increasing interest, especially along geographical gradients. This review summarizes potential stressor responses in marine food webs from the Southwest Atlantic to the Antarctic (45–78°S), encompassing areas such as San Jorge Gulf, Beagle Channel, Burdwood Bank, Scotia Sea, Potter Cove, and the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. The objectives are (1) to describe the structure of marine food webs along this latitudinal axis using a network approach; (2) to identify predominant global change-related stressors affecting each ecosystem; and (3) to summarize observed food web changes and hypothesize on stressor impacts. The effects of stressors were primarily reviewed at the species level. Alternative hypotheses for each study area were formulated considering (a) main stressors; (b) impacted parameters; (c) node-level species properties; and (d) network-level food web properties. Global warming emerges as the most common stressor among the studied areas across the latitudinal gradient, except in the Beagle Channel and Burdwood Bank, where alien species introduction and fisheries are more influential. We offer a series of alternative hypotheses on how warming may affect the food webs. This review emphasizes the benefits of using a network approach to understand and predict stressor effects in Southern Hemisphere marine ecosystems. This approach provides a holistic understanding of ecosystems, which enhances our ability to identify key species and their interactions, offering insights for ecosystem management and conservation in the face of global change stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species severely impact native and endemic species, disproportionately affecting insular species like Caribbean reptiles. The Lesser Antillean iguana, Iguana delicatissima, is rapidly declining due to hybridization with non-native green iguanas (NNGIs). With numerous NNGI populations present in the region, the last I. delicatisisma-inhabited islands remain highly susceptible to invasion, whereupon the rapid in situ differentiation of NNGIs is essential. However, currently only few scale and coloration characters allow the in situ identification of NNGIs. Here, we assessed the differentiating power of an additional 20 meristic and length-dependent characteristics between the I. delicatissima population on St. Eustatius and the NNGI population on St. Maarten, the main source of NNGIs arriving on St. Eustatius. Of these, 13 significantly differed between I. delicatissima and NNGIs, with a ≥94% assignment accuracy in multi-variate predictive models. We recommend that these characteristics be assessed and validated, especially for hybrid individuals, allowing the identification of NNGIs even in populations where hybridization is ongoing. Our work demonstrates the value of investing in baseline morphometric datasets for I. delicatissima and other native iguanas to aid in the rapid in situ detection of NNGIs for removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species frequently encounter limited natural predation pressure in their non-native ranges, which can contribute significantly to their unchecked proliferation and adverse ecological impacts. Here, we document a novel instance of a livestock guardian dog preying upon an adult coypu (Myocastor coypus) in Lake Kerkini, Greece—a significant observation given the coypu's status as a prominent invasive species with few natural predators in Europe. The coypu's presence in the region, coupled with the absence of effective predation among others, has allowed it to establish a robust population and exert considerable pressure on local ecosystems. This novel observation not only highlights an unusual predator–prey interaction involving a domestic mammal traditionally used for livestock management but also provides insights into understanding how domestic animals might inadvertently influence the dynamics of invasive species, potentially serving as a complementary tool in conservation management. By demonstrating that domestic dogs could play a role in controlling invasive species populations, our findings introduce a previously unconsidered aspect of invasive species management with conservation implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of the catalogues of museum collections makes a significant contribution to scientific research work, based on which wider themes on the zoogeographic distribution of fauna complexes can be addressed. The collection of reptiles from the patrimony of the Department of Natural Sciences contains 282 specimens belonging to 16 native species, grouped in 2 orders and 6 families and 6 exotic species. Established over several decades, starting with 1975, the first records were made, resulting from the donation of the closed collection by Constantina Sorescu, acquisitions and collections of land. The creation of this catalogue is an efficient means of acquaintance with this group of organisms by specialists, considering that a number of 5 species are vulnerable and 4 species are endangered in the fauna of Romania. The items are in a good state of preservation, having been prepared in 4% formalin solution. Among the foreign species, the Florida turtle is considered an invasive species on the territory of Romania, being released in standing and flowing waters. It was introduced into the reptile collection of the Natural Sciences Section both by means of donations and by collections made in the Jiului hydrographic basin, respectively Balta Gura Motru and Bâlta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐term studies depicting the multicontinental invasion trajectories of species are often constrained by the scarcity of documented records, especially for invertebrates. The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae), stands out as an uncommon example of hypersuccessful invasive species with a well‐known invasion history at both regional and global levels. This allows for the use of its records to track distribution dynamics and bioclimatic preferences over time. Through multiple temporal comparisons, the global bioclimatic tendencies of the species have been explored over a period exceeding a century (1854–2023) using linear models with generalized least squares estimation and two‐sample t‐tests. This specific setup provides a rare focus on biological invasions at both broad temporal and spatial scales. The results highlight climatic trends in the invasion process of the species, including decreases in the values of bioclimatic variables associated with temperature and precipitation. This trend encompasses not only mean values but also both extreme (minimum and maximum) and is coupled with increases in elevation and aridity values in the areas with the presence of the species. The findings indicate that the species can engage in new ecological interactions and further affect range‐restricted species in climatic refuges once considered protected. These findings help anticipate changes in the species' invasion trajectory, suggesting possible expansions into colder, less humid climates and higher altitudes. This knowledge supports effective monitoring and early detection for management and conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian haemosporidian parasites and avian pox virus (APV) are well‐known pathogens for their impact on avian populations, especially in oceanic islands where introduced pathogens show strong virulence for endemic and naïve birds. The Bonin Islands are a group of oceanic islands 1000 km south of Tokyo. Like the Hawaiian Islands, there are many endemic and endangered species as well as introduced species, which have greatly affected the native avian fauna. However, pathogens in wild birds of this archipelago had not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites and APV among birds and mosquitoes in this unique ecosystem of the Bonin Islands. From 2014 to 2020, 524 birds of 39 species either rescued, deceased, or caught by mist‐netting were sampled. APV‐like lesions were sampled from nine birds. 262 mosquitoes were collected by sweeping nets or CDC traps. All samples were tested via PCR for haemosporidian infection, and lesions were tested for APV.209 birds (39.9%) of 11 species were positive for haemosporidian parasite DNA, and all three parasite genera were detected. Prevalence was particularly high for Plasmodium elongatum (pGRW06) and Prelictum relictum (pGRW04). The former was detected from both resident birds and mosquitoes, suggesting local transmission. An introduced species, the warbling white‐eye (Zosterops japonicus), had a particularly high prevalence of pGRW06 (68.3%) and may be a reservoir of this lineage. Both APV and Plasmodium spp. were detected from all APV‐tested birds, suggesting that these two pathogens may be transmitted simultaneously via mosquitoes. The presence of avian haemosporidian parasites and APV was confirmed in the Bonin Islands for the first time. However, the virulence and origin of these pathogens remain unknown, and many bird species are still understudied. Further investigations are required to contribute to the conservation of this unique avifauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied a population of large varanid lizards (yellow‐spotted monitors Varanus panoptes) on a floodplain in tropical Australia. Growth records from radio‐tracked lizards show that despite their large adult body sizes (to > 7 kg in males), these lizards attained sexual maturity at less than 1 year of age and rarely lived for more than 2 years (females) or 4 years (males), even before mortality increased due to the arrival of toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina). This is a "faster" life history than has been reported for other species of large monitors. Growth was especially rapid in males during the wet season. The low survivorship prior to toad invasion was due to predation by pythons; communal nesting by female varanids may render them especially vulnerable. The life history of yellow‐spotted monitors requires high feeding rates, favouring the evolution of "risky" tactics such as consuming novel prey items (such as cane toads); and the combination of high abundance (> 20 adult lizards per square kilometre) and high feeding rates (> 9.9 kg of prey per lizard per annum) means that these giant lizards play a critical role in energy and nutrient flow within the floodplain ecosystem. As a result, foodwebs with the yellow‐spotted monitor as an apex predator are more vulnerable to disruption by cane toads than is the case in other parts of the toad's invasive range, where the varanid species affected by toads have "slower" life histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive predators pose a serious threat to native biodiversity, with trapping being one of several methods developed to manage and monitor their populations. Many individuals in these predator populations have been found to display trap‐shyness, which hinders eradication and results in inaccurate estimates of population size. Lures are used to help overcome trap‐shyness by increasing the probability of interaction with the device, but the extent of trap‐shyness in wild populations, and the best timing for the introduction of a new lure or combination of lures, are uncertain. A key challenge for wildlife managers is maximising the efficacy of invasive predator control, particularly in relation to baiting and trapping, so that pests are extirpated, or survivors are reduced to a minimum. We first use a Bayesian estimation method to quantify trap‐shyness in a population of brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in a New Zealand forest; the resulting estimated parameters are then used to calibrate a stochastic, individual‐based model simulating the outcomes of different luring scenarios. We show that the brushtail possum population analysed was likely split into a smaller, very trappable group and a larger trap‐shy group, with a low mean nightly probability of interaction with traps of 0.28 [0.14–0.56]. Furthermore, our results show that under the assumption of independent attraction levels towards different lures, using a combination of lures simultaneously can result in a greater and faster population knock‐down than using a single lure, or than to switch from one lure to another. The model presented can be used to infer wildlife population trappability from capture data, and our simulation results highlight the potential of improved luring strategies to capture individuals in post‐control residual populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platypuses are a unique freshwater mammal native to eastern Australia. They are semi‐aquatic, predominantly nocturnal, and nest in burrows dug into the banks of waterbodies. Quantifying nesting burrow characteristics is challenging due to the species' cryptic nature. We radio‐tagged 11 female platypuses during their breeding season (September to November) on the Snowy River, located their resting and nesting burrows by radiotracking, and assessed plasma triglyceride concentration as a biomarker of egg production. We quantified and tested for differences in height and distance from water of resting and nesting burrows, as well as for differences in both canopy and ground cover in the vicinity of resting and nesting burrows in comparison with background control sites in the area. Female platypuses displayed a strong selection for trees and shrubs, placing both their resting and nesting burrows within 5 m of these features. Compared with resting females, nesting females selected to dig nesting burrows higher above the river (nesting 1.98 m ± 0.27 SE vs. resting 1.15 m ± 0.10 SE) that were also further away from water (9.10 m ± 1.08 SE vs. 4.77 m ± 0.53 SE). Camera trap footage captured mice (Mus musculus) and black rats (Rattus rattus) entering two confirmed nesting tunnels on numerous occasions. During the first 3 weeks following the onset of nesting behaviour in two platypuses, rats entered the nesting tunnel a total of eight times and 31 times. Whether this is a previously unconsidered predator by invasive species remains to be evaluated. Synthesis: Riparian vegetation is a critical component of platypus habitat, providing stability for burrows, protection from predators, retaining high bank necessary to avoid inundation of burrows, and providing organic matter for nesting material and for abundant macroinvertebrate communities. Given ongoing declines and habitat degradation across their range, riparian habitat must be conserved and restored to promote breeding and population persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EPPO Bulletin's "Annual Report and Council Recommendations 2023" provides an overview of EPPO's activities, including workshops, database development, and discussions on plant health. The report emphasizes the organization's focus on plant health for food security and human welfare, detailing efforts in plant protection products, diagnostics, phytosanitary risks, and communication. The Minor Uses Coordination Facility (MUCF) works to enhance sustainable crop protection solutions within an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework, funded by European countries and facilitating collaboration between stakeholders. The MUCF hosts expert groups, establishes working groups, and shares information on minor crop status and residue extrapolation possibilities, collaborating with EPPO and other organizations to contribute to OECD guidance documents. [Extracted from the article]

The article from the EPPO Bulletin discusses the official controls of passenger luggage at points of entry, focusing on the risks associated with plants or plant products that passengers may carry. It provides guidance on risk profiling, inspection procedures, and cooperation between customs and National Plant Protection Organizations. The article emphasizes the importance of awareness raising campaigns for passengers to minimize phytosanitary risks and highlights the responsibilities, procedures, training, and regulations involved in passenger luggage checks. The document also includes detailed information on specific products of concern, associated pests, inspection procedures, and sampling for laboratory testing. [Extracted from the article]

The document from the EPPO Bulletin outlines inspection procedures for consignments of plants for planting to prevent the import of regulated invasive plants. It highlights the threat of invasive alien plant species to biodiversity and agricultural systems, particularly through the horticulture trade. The document provides detailed guidance on inspection, sampling, and identification of invasive alien plants, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification and proper hygiene measures during inspections. Additionally, it includes tables listing specific invasive alien plant species of concern for the EPPO region and provides information on growing media types that may facilitate the survival of invasive alien plants. [Extracted from the article]

Browsing by alien vertebrate herbivores can have both positive and negative impacts on plant invasion. We studied the European hare (Lepus europaeus) diet and foraging behavior focusing on interactions with two invasive non-native shrub species, Cytisus scoparius and Rosa rubiginosa. Fecal pellets were used for microhistological analysis of diet and seed identification. Foraging use of both species was evaluated by browsing rankings. The diet consisted of 28 items, predominating native grasses such as Poa spp. and Festuca pallescens. Among the non-native species, the grasses Hordeum spp. leaves and stems of the shrub C. scoparius, and seed fragments of Rumex acetosella, and rosehip stand out. Fecal pellets contained 431 whole seeds from nine plant species, predominating non-native species. In diet analysis, a portion of damaged rosehip seeds was observed; however, a significant number of viable seeds were previously extracted. This suggests that consumption of R. rubiginosa fruits contributes to seed dispersal, facilitating its spread. In contrast, the browsing of L. europaeus on the vegetative parts of C. scoparius juveniles significantly reduced their cover, which could slow their growth or prevent their spread. These results are an important input for management decisions to prevent or delay the spread of these invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed long-term camera-trap data from Protected Areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to study activity patterns of coexisting peccary species (Tayassu pecari and Dicotyles tajacu) and the exotic wild boar (Sus scrofa). The highest pattern overlap was between D. tajacu and S. scrofa (Δ1 = 0.78), followed by T. pecari and S. scrofa (Δ1 = 0.64), and the lowest between D. tajacu and T. pecari (Δ1 = 0.61). In the presence of feral pigs, collared peccary activity exhibited two distinct peaks, occurring in the late evening and early morning. When coexisting with white-lipped peccaries, their activity peaks early in the evening and again in the mid-morning, potentially enabling them to avoid overlapping with the activity peaks of white-lipped peccaries, which are distributed throughout the day. Our findings suggest a potential interference of wild boars in the temporal niche dynamics of native peccaries across various areas within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Nonetheless, we emphasize the imperative for more focused investigations at both regional micro and macro scales throughout the Atlantic Forest, specifically delving into other dimensions of the niche, such as food and habitat utilization among the three species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era marked by heightened globalization and climate crisis, the proliferation of alien or invasive species has emerged as a critical issue. This article delves into the contentious debates surrounding strategies for addressing these species, offering insights into divergent visions of "environmental futures" and the intricate interplay of concern, risk, and power relations in the Anthropocene. Through ethnographic research, the article scrutinizes discourses and practices related to the preservation of sabras, recent immigrants from the Americas that have become emblematic in Israel/Palestine, symbolizing a shared connection to the land for Jews and Palestinians. The primary focus is on efforts to protect sabras from an invasive insect threat, which involves introducing a "natural enemy" to combat the intruder, sparking controversy among scientists and stakeholders. By employing the concept of "Anthropocene concern," the article unveils the anxieties of various actors regarding nonhuman entities and demonstrates how these perceptions drive human actions or inaction. Despite the temptation to associate the political struggle only with the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, the article shows the importance of analyzing the political–scientific struggle around the appropriate approach to dealing with invasive species and how emotions, politics, and science are intertwined at different levels, requiring careful analysis and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the import trends of live Testudines into Japan following a previous study on trade in live freshwater turtles and tortoises as pets in Japan from 1980s to the early 2000s. We have observed a declining trend in imports over the past two decades. However, it is important to note that this does not necessarily indicate a shrinking market; instead, it likely reflects changes driven by stricter regulations for trade and ownership as pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun coral, identified as Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis, are invasive marine species originally from the Pacific Ocean that have become a significant threat to native biodiversity and ecosystems in Brazil. The rapid growth and unique reproduction strategies of Tubastraea species have facilitated their success as invasive species. In the past two decades, Brazil has experienced a notable loss of biodiversity, partially attributed to invasive species, as reported by the Brazilian Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Current management efforts primarily involve manual removal, often employing sledgehammers and chisels, carried out by environmental government agencies, in partnership with NGOs and volunteers. However, the need for more efficient management strategies emphasizes the important role of engineering and technology in improving environmental management. To address this issue, our work focuses on the development and prototyping of two underwater tools: an impact hammer and a rotating brush. These tools are designed with ergonomic features, operating time, and size considerations suitable for use by SCUBA divers. Our prototypes have successfully met the required specifications and offer potential for large-scale manufacturing, promising more effective measures for controlling invasive sun coral in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American mink (Mustela vison) is known as a successful non-native species in Europe, impacting native species' population sizes and habitats. This study investigates the genetic structure and diversity of American mink populations in France over two decades (1997–2016). The analysis involves feral and farmed mink sampled from various regions, using ten autosomal microsatellite loci for genotyping. The objective is to identify the putative existence of genetic lineages, especially between feral and farmed individuals, and to assess changes in genetic structure over time. Results reveal high genetic diversity and inbreeding within populations, with evidence of genetic structure influenced by both farm releases and feral colonization. The study highlights the reflection of the genetic structure in farm populations in the feral populations within the first period (1997–2007), and a decline of a lineage over time in the second period (2007–2016) with the emergence of a new genetic cluster, potentially influenced by factors such as selection, phenotypic changes, and interactions with pathogens. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of American mink populations in France and their genetic variability, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring and management efforts to mitigate the impact of this invasive species, especially on endangered or/and endemic species such as European mink (Mustela lutreola) and Iberian desman (Galemys pyrenaicus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive marine invertebrates are increasingly recognized as a potential disturbance to coastal ecosystems. We sought to better document the taxonomic composition of subtidal communities around Long Island to obtain a baseline that can be used to monitor current and future invasions of non-indigenous species. We placed settlement blocks at 18 sites along the coast of Long Island, New York, for three months. After recovering blocks at 12 sites, we analyzed the taxonomic composition of fouling communities on the blocks. We observed 64 invertebrate and 3 algal taxa, with large variation in taxon richness among sites. Multivariate analyses revealed that although taxon composition was significantly dissimilar between north and south shores, variation in dissimilarity did not differ significantly between shores. The high variability in taxon composition observed among sites indicates that additional research is needed to expand our knowledge of invertebrate diversity in the waters surrounding Long Island. Adding more sites and replicate blocks within sites could improve future sampling designs. This research will benefit continuing efforts to monitor, manage, and prevent the establishment of marine invasive species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the ecological dynamics of zooplankton communities is crucial to precisely assessing the health of marine ecosystems and their management. Metabarcoding has contributed to a better understanding of biodiversity in marine environments. However, this methodology still requires protocol optimisation. Here, we used a complementary approach combining molecular and morphological identification methods to identify the zooplankton community inhabiting the Berlengas Archipelago, Portugal. The presence of non-indigenous species was also assessed. The results showed that the metabarcoding approach outperformed the classical morphological identification method, detecting more species with higher resolution. Nevertheless, the classical method was able to identify species that were not detected by the molecular approaches, probably due to a lack of reference data in the databases. The comparison between different molecular approaches showed that COI and bulk DNA gave better results than 18S rRNA and eDNA by detecting higher species diversity. However, complementarities were observed between them. Molecular tools also proved effective in identifying several potential non-indigenous species, identifying, for the first time, several potentially unreported NIS inhabiting the Portuguese marine ecosystems. Overall, our results confirmed the importance of combining both classical and molecular methods to obtain a more refined assessment of the zooplanktonic communities in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A non-native species, the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica) has established a population in a restricted area of southern Hokkaido, northern Japan, since the 1990s. To clarify the current number and distribution of the population and their major determinants, we conducted intensive field surveys six times during the course of a year from May 2012 in Tomakomai City, the central area of the current distribution. We found 181 to 248 magpies in every survey, and 46 active nests in May. Most of the magpies appeared in residential areas, avoiding commercial and industrial areas. The magpies foraged mainly in short grasslands in public spaces, such as parks, in May and July, and most of the birds preferred house gardens for foraging from November to March. Dogs or cats were often kept outside in the gardens where the magpies foraged, and observations of the magpies stealing pet food were common. It is likely that the magpies rely on anthropogenic food resources such as pet food, especially in winter. This study provides a basis for further monitoring of this non-native magpie species that has invaded urban/suburban habitats in Hokkaido, Japan. As magpies and their nests are easy to find, citizen science could contribute to such monitoring. Non-native species have caused various problems for both animal and human communities globally, but their monitoring during the early stages of establishment is often difficult. A population of the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica) has established on Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, since the 1990s, offering a rare opportunity for field biologists to monitor the entire history of a colonizing avian population. To clarify the current number and distribution of the population and their major determinants, we conducted bimonthly surveys from May 2012 to March 2013, over a total of 417 h, in Tomakomai City, the central area of the current distribution. We found 181 to 248 magpies in every survey, and 46 active nests in May. Most of the magpies appeared in residential areas, avoiding commercial and industrial areas, and did not show seasonal changes in their distribution pattern. The magpies mainly foraged in short grasslands in public spaces, such as parks, in May and July, but most of the birds preferred house gardens for foraging from November to March. Dogs or cats were often kept outside in the gardens where the magpies foraged, and observations of magpies stealing and hoarding pet food were common. It is likely that the magpies rely on anthropogenic food resources such as pet food, especially in winter. Continuous monitoring of this population will enable further knowledge of the factors that limit the number and range of not only non-native species but also avian populations in general to be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Devils River Minnow (Dionda diaboli) is a federally endangered species endemic to spring-fed tributaries of the Rio Grande drainage of Mexico and western Texas. Its occurrence in spring-fed stream habitats suggests that increased turbidity could negatively affect its survival in the wild. We used a laboratory experiment to assess the effect of turbidity (0 NTU: control; 10 NTU: low; 50 NTU: moderate; and 100 NTU: high) on time to initiate foraging, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition coefficient for juvenile D. diaboli fed on a diet of chironomids, a pollution-tolerant invertebrate. Our results showed that increased turbidity significantly affected time to initiate foraging, but not the amount of food consumed, growth, body condition, and survival. Thus, although short-term exposure to turbidity conditions negatively affected feeding behavior, the treatments were not sufficient to cause significant differences in physiological performance and growth, suggesting D. diaboli may be resistant to short-term pulse increases in turbidity in its natural habitat. In this study, D. diaboli fed on chironomids had low average juvenile survivorship (27%) by the end of 12 weeks, with decreased growth and weight beginning by week 4 and 6, respectively. Thus, although increased turbidity did not directly affect D. diaboli, if elevated turbidity causes alteration of food resources toward pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates, the species could be negatively affected. These results provide important information on the impacts of turbidity on the long-term conservation of D. diaboli, though further studies are needed to examine the species response to combined impacts of turbidity, droughts, non-native species invasions, and altered habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the world, the exceptional biodiversity and endemism of spring ecosystems are threatened by the expansion of invasive species. However, mechanisms affecting the distribution and impact of invasive species on spring macroinvertebrate communities remain poorly understood.We investigated the impact of the invasive New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum on the native gastropod assemblages of 43 karstic springs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Firstly, we showed that P. antipodarum invaded only human‐modified low‐altitude springs with lower dissolved oxygen concentrations (7.61 mg/L), where it co‐occurred only with four other gastropod species (out of the 17 recorded in our dataset), two of which are endemic Dinaric karst spring specialists. Then, by comparing the n‐dimensional ecological space of the springs invaded and uninvaded by the mud snail, we showed that low‐altitude springs have a higher risk of invasion.Finally, we characterized the shift in the niche optimum exhibited by native endemic gastropods in invaded springs using Huisman–Olff–Fresco models.Overall, we showed that human alterations of low‐altitude springs might facilitate the invasion of P. antipodarum, which possibly out‐competes endemic crenic species by displacing them to suboptimal niches. The use of Huisman–Olff–Fresco models and n‐dimensional hypervolumes together provided a useful framework for quantifying the response of endemic and endangered species to the spread of invaders in globally endangered spring habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Purbachal Sal Forest, a vital ecosystem in the outskirts of Dhaka city facing biodiversity decline, was assessed for its plant composition and public perception of its management and conservation. A total of 190 species under 61 families have been recorded from the study area following the random quadrat method. Analyses showed that among the 190 species, the most abundant tree and shrub in the forest are Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaertn. and Melastoma malabathricum L., respectively. In case of dominance based on the Importance Value Index, Shorea robusta is the most dominant tree, followed by Melastoma malabathricum as the most dominant shrub. The percentages of native and exotic species were found to be 75% and 25%, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index in the study area was 0.61, whereas Simpson's and Margalef's Indices were 0.178 and 4.77, respectively. From interviews with visitors and stakeholders, this study revealed that the majority of them responded negatively about the presence of exotic species in the forest, and on the other hand, they responded positively on the question of incorporating experts in the management plan of the forest. A number of threats to the species diversity of the forest were recorded through observation in the field and stakeholders' interviews, such as invasive alien species (IAS) intrusion, habitat destruction, agricultural practice, and deforestation. A set of recommendations, including planting more wildlife-supporting native species, preventing the spread of IAS like Parthenium L. and incorporating experts in the forest's management, was developed for present and future management of Purbachal Sal Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity especially because of their influence on native species. Their behaviours, including those in nonsocial contexts, significantly influence species fitness, drive invasion processes and can result in the competitive exclusion of less dominant species. Understanding these behavioural patterns is vital for the protection of native species and the control of invasive species spread. There is still a controversy regarding the success of invasive species, whether it is attributed to inherent behavioural traits or to adaptations to new environments. This study focused on native populations of two sympatric lizard species in Croatia: a lizard known for its invasiveness, Podarcis siculus , and the eastern Adriatic endemic Podarcis melisellensis. We evaluated nonsocial behaviour associated with competition, including food consumption, exploratory behaviour and risk-taking behaviours, using two primary apparatuses: an open field and a radial maze. Podarcis siculus exhibited higher levels of exploratory behaviour, reduced risk-taking behaviours and greater food consumption than P. melisellensis. These behavioural traits are consistent with behaviour observed in invasive populations of P. siculus , suggesting that they may be intrinsic to the species. Our results indicate that a successful invader is more likely to explore and at the same time be more cautious. Research on behavioural traits in native populations sheds light on preadaptive features of invasive species that could characterize a successful invader, highlighting the importance of researching invasive species in their native range. • Invasion by a species is often linked to its behavioural traits. • Determining whether these behaviours are adaptive or innate poses a challenge. • Similar behaviours are reported for invasive P. siculus and for a native population. • Research indicates that traits linked to invasiveness are likely to be inherited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals combine colour change and behavioural choices to enhance concealment and adapt to changes in habitat in time and space. However, non‐native and invasive habitat‐forming plants and seaweeds can change the landscape, challenging animals to remain camouflaged, especially when the colour of the new habitat differs from the native backgrounds.The chameleon prawn (Hippolyte varians) exhibits remarkable colour variation and effective camouflage against different native seaweeds in shallow tidepools. Individuals optimize crypsis by choosing colour‐matching seaweeds and changing colour over time. In some locations, the prawn's native habitats are now replaced by non‐native seaweeds of different coloration and structure, making it important to understand whether substrate choice and colour change facilitates the occupation of these seaweeds and enables prawns to camouflage against new backgrounds.Using image analysis and visual modelling of a fish predator, we assessed the colour variation and camouflage of chameleon prawns occupying the non‐native seaweeds brown wireweed (Sargassum muticum) and pink harpoon weed (Asparagopsis armata) in southwest UK. We performed laboratory trials to examine whether prawns maintain their preference for colour‐matching native substrates when given a choice between them and non‐native seaweeds, and if they can change their coloration to improve camouflage against non‐native substrates.Prawns exhibit phenotypic diversity and camouflage that varied with the non‐native seaweed species, with low colour variation and effective camouflage on pink harpoon weed, but high colour diversity and reduced concealment against brown wireweed. Prawns choose non‐native seaweeds when the alternative native substrate provides mismatching coloration, but they did not exhibit any preference between colour‐matching native and non‐native seaweeds. Once in non‐native habitats, prawns change their appearance over a few days to match the background, sometimes faster than when changing on native seaweeds of contrasting coloration.Although human activities considerably modify the coloration of marine landscapes by increasing the establishment of non‐native seaweeds, the impacts of those changes appear less severe for colour‐changing species, such as chameleon prawns, and will depend on the similarity between the colour of the new substrates and the original native backgrounds, and how animals use behaviour and physiology to match new habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Naturalized alien and native plants can impact each other directly when they grow next to each other, but also indirectly through their soil legacies. These alien-native interactions can also be modified by the presence of a third alien or native species. However, it is unknown how the performance of co-growing alien and native species is affected by their soil legacies and by the presence of an additional species. Methods: In our two-phase plant-soil-feedback experiment, soils were first conditioned by eight herbaceous species, four of which are naturalized and four of which are native to Germany. We then grew all 16 pairwise alien-native species combinations on soil conditioned by the respective alien or native species, on a mixture of soils conditioned by both species or on control soil. Each pair of test plants was grown on these soils without or with an additional alien or native species. Results: Soil conditioning, and particularly conspecific soil conditioning, reduced growth of the alien and native test plants. The addition of another species also reduced growth of the test plants. However, the negative conspecific soil-legacy effect on alien test plants was reduced when the additional species was also alien. Conclusion: The negative conspecific plant-soil feedback for alien and native plants in our study could promote their coexistence. However, as partial alleviation of negative conspecific effects on alien plants occurred with an additional alien species, the chances of coexistence of alien and native species might decrease when there are multiple alien species present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]