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The internet has indeed become an integral part of daily life for people worldwide, offering a wealth of information and communication opportunities. However, alongside the conventional and easily accessible content on the internet, there exists a hidden portion known as the dark web. The dark web refers to websites and content that are intentionally concealed and can only be accessed through specific software or configurations. This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of the dark web, a hidden part of the internet known for its anonymity and association with illicit activities. The paper examines the structure of the dark web, the range of activities that occur within it, and the implications it poses for society, law enforcement, and cybersecurity. By exploring both the positive and negative aspects, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dark web and its impact on the digital landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of large web-based corpora has led to significant advances in a wide range of technologies, including massive retrieval systems or deep neural networks. However, leveraging this data is challenging, since web content is plagued by the so-called boilerplate: ads, incomplete or noisy text and rests of the navigation structure, such as menus or navigation bars. In this work, we present a novel and efficient approach to extract useful and well-formed content from web-scraped data. Our approach takes advantage of Language Models and their implicit knowledge about correctly formed text, and we demonstrate here that perplexity is a valuable artefact that can contribute in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. As amatter of fact, the removal of noisy parts leads to lighter AI or search solutions that are effective and entail important reductions in resources spent. We exemplify here the usefulness of our method with two downstream tasks, search and classification, and a cleaning task. We also provide a Python package with pre-trained models and a web demo demonstrating the capabilities of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicar (English Edition) is the property of Oxbridge Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We aim to map the intellectual structure of destination image (DI) research and its theoretical development in two longitudinal periods: firstly, from 2001 and before the outbreak of Covid-19 and approval of vaccines (2001–2020); and secondly, during Covid-19 (2021–2023). This is the first article to use co-citation analysis that focuses solely on DI, identifying the main clusters, intellectual turning points, and citation burst papers in this field. Studying bibliometrics pre- and during Covid-19 can help to understand the impact of the pandemic on research output and the shift in research focus. This methodology expands tourism science by recognising the intrinsic nature of DI from an evaluative and relational point of view. Co-citation refers to the cited not the citing papers. The results in the first period show: 1) theoretical background on DI associated with branding from Destination Management Organisations (DMO); 2) the components of DI and their relationship with visitor behaviour; 3) how the Internet and User-Generated Content (UGC) have become the main sources to perceive DI. Whereas, in the second period, two main shifts have been identified: 1) the impact of the pandemic on tourism and perceived travel risk; 2) the emergence of a new approach focusing on the engagement of people with the destination through life experiences. The conclusions could help suppliers, DMOs, and policymakers to understand the components of DI before and during the pandemic, as well as provide valuable insights for the tourism industry to adapt to the new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study set out to evaluate the accuracy of 30 AI detectors in identifying generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)-generated and human-written content in university English L1 and English L2 student essays. 40 student essays were divided into four essay sets of English L1 and English L2 and two undergraduate modules: a second-year module and a thirdyear module. There are ten essays in each essay set. The 30 AI detectors comprised freely available detectors and non-premium versions of online AI detectors. Employing a critical studies approach to artificial intelligence, the study had three research questions. It focused on and calculated the accuracy, false positive rates (FPRs), and true negative rates (TNRs) of all 30 AI detectors for all essays in each of the four sets to determine the accuracy of each AI detector to identify the GenAI content of each essay. It also used confusion matrices to determine the specificity of best- and worst-performing AI detectors. Some of the results of this study are worth mentioning. Firstly, only two AI detectors, Copyleaks and Undetectable AI, managed to correctly detect all of the essay sets of the two English language categories (English L1 and English L2) as human written. As a result, these two AI detectors jointly shared the first spot in terms of the GenAI detection accuracy ranking. Secondly, nine of the 30 AI detectors completely misidentified all the essays in each of the four essay sets of the two language categories in both modules. Thus, they collectively shared the last spot. Thirdly, the remaining 19 AI detectors both correctly and incorrectly classified the four essay sets in varying degrees without any bias to any essay set of the two English language categories. Fourthly, none of the 30 AI detectors tended to have a bias toward a specific English language category in classifying the four essay sets. Lastly, the results of the current study suggest that the bulk of the currently available AI detectors, especially the currently available free-touse AI detectors, are not fit for purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry / Ege Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege University Faculty of Dentistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artificial intelligence technology is used to filter the visual content displayed on digital display platforms in a way that enhances its competitive role and organizes its content. It also involves several risks, including the possibility of causing direct damage to users of visual content display platforms via the Internet. The utilization of artificial intelligence technology for content filtering on these platforms gives rise to legal concerns regarding the liability framework in cases of damages resulting from such filtering activities. This is due to the absence of established legal regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence technology, as well as the ongoing development or nonexistence of relevant legal rules. Furthermore, the user base of these platforms continues to expand. The study proposes the adoption of a liability system that achieves a balance between the owners, operators, or developers of these platforms and their users. The responsibility of the stronger party arises as soon as the damage occurs. This type of responsibility is more suitable for the circumstances surrounding the employment of artificial intelligence tools in filtering visual content on digital display platforms via the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era where digital platforms shape consumer decisions, this study examines the profound impact of tourism related social media information on consumer travel intentions, with the mediating role of destination trust. For this purpose, purposive sampling technique was used, and data were collected from the 402 consumers in which 68% were male and 31% were female. Additionally, 58% participants revealed that they had gone 1-3 international trips in the past two year. Overall, participants have generally positive attitudes regarding online information, destination trust, and travel intentions. Furthermore, quality of tourism related information had a significant positive effect on consumer travel intentions. Similarly, the quality of tourism related information has a positive effect on trust and destination trust has a positive significant association with consumer travel intentions. Companies and destination marketing agencies can utilize this information to enhance their online reputation and visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Euro Latinoamericana de Análisis Social y Político (RELASP) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencia Politica y Relaciones Internacionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gergely Gosztonyi's book, "Censorship from Plato to Social Media," explores the complex nature of content regulation and moderation practices on social media platforms. The book delves into the historical roots of censorship, tracing its evolution from ancient Greece to the present day. It also examines the challenges posed by the vast amount of content generated on social media platforms and discusses the legal framework surrounding content regulation and censorship, including landmark cases. Additionally, the book highlights recent global events related to internet restrictions and concludes by discussing the future of freedom of expression and the influence of tech companies. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of censorship and its implications in today's digital age. [Extracted from the article]

VR devices have existential experiences that can meet the deeper interaction needs of humans and are the driving force behind the rapid development of the industry. As the latest computing platform, VR is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. In recent years, the continuous iteration of hardware to ensure the visual experience effect, system‐level interaction features more rich, game content developers continue to launch more high‐quality content, this series of industry progress to promote the VR ecosystem continues to improve, and continue to develop. At this stage, VR market participants are mainly divided into three camps: VR industry advocators, Internet content platforms, intelligent device terminal brands, etc., and the leading players continue to invest in the layout, and the future will show a highly concentrated trend. The combination of hardware and content roles strengthens the synergistic effect of both sides and preempts the core link of the meta‐universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online educational platforms increasingly allow learners to consume content at their own pace with on-demand formats, in contrast to the synchronous content of traditional education. Thus, it is important to understand and model learner engagement within these environments. Using data from four business courses hosted on Coursera, the authors model learner behavior as a two-stage decision process, with the first stage determining across-day continuation (vs. quitting) and the second stage determining within-day choices among lectures, quizzes, and breaks. By modeling the heterogeneity across learners pursuing lecture and quiz completion goals, the authors capture different patterns of consumption that correspond to extant theories of goal progress within an empirical field setting. They find that most individuals exhibit a learning style whereby lecture utility changes as an inverted U-shaped function of current progress. This model may also be used as an early detection system to anticipate changes in engagement, and it enables the authors to relate learning styles to final performance outcomes and enrollment in additional courses. Finally, the authors examine how quiz-taking varies across learners in different courses and between those who have paid versus not paid for the option to earn a course certificate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in technology, particularly smartphones, have unlocked new opportunities for consumers to generate content about experiences while they unfold (e.g., by texting, posting to social media, writing notes), and this behavior has become nearly ubiquitous. The present research examines the effects of generating content during ongoing experiences. Across nine studies, the authors show that generating content during an experience increases feelings of immersion and makes time feel like it is passing more quickly, which in turn enhances enjoyment of the experience. The authors investigate these effects across a broad array of experiences both inside and outside the lab that vary in duration from a few minutes to several hours, including positive and negative videos and real-life holiday celebrations. They conclude with several studies testing marketing interventions that increase content creation and find that consumers who are incentivized or motivated by social norms to generate content reap the same experiential benefits as those who create content organically. These findings illustrate how leveraging content creation to improve experiences can mutually benefit marketers and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this article is to examine whether and to what extent reference to collective responsibility is present in current public discourse, in which contexts it functions, and what are the ways in which it is justified. Project/methodology/approach: The article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the presence of the issue of collective responsibility on the Internet, in the National Library catalogue, the National Corpus of Polish, and public opinion. Findings: The research allows us to conclude that in different segments of public discourse collective responsibility is present with different intensity. It is commonly found in the statements concerning current social and political phenomena, where the existence of a certain ethos of collective responsibility can be observed. In this area it is also widely endorsed and its diverse justifications are formulated. This happens in spite of the prevailing convictions of ethicists as well as in defiance of the principles of law which allow only individual responsibility. Research limitations/implications: The analysis revealed the ubiquitous presence and widespread approval of collective responsibility, hence a little more attention was paid to some current issues present in public discourse. Future research may focus on exploring the limits of reference to collective responsibility. Social implications: By demonstrating the prevalence of the phenomenon of collective responsibility, the results of the study shall help to make public opinion more sensitive to the need to seek the limits of its application. Originality/value: What is original of this study is the thesis about the widespread approval of collective responsibility, demonstration of the ways of justifying it and the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the Internet, the National Library catalogue, the National Corpus of Polish, and public opinion concerning the presence of the explored issue. The conclusions presented in the article are important for ethicists, especially those dealing with the issue of responsibility, as well as for public opinion, as they reveal the dangers of uncritical references to collective responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is very common and yet not well understood within sub-Saharan African countries. There has been growing attention to the use of research evidence to improve social inclusion of persons living with disabilities. This article reports on a process that can be used to monitor and evaluate evidence databases to encourage improvements in website and content accessibility for people with disabilities. We examined five evidence communities' online databases by: (1) assessing the accessibility of these website databases; and (2) assessing the resources within these websites. Finally, we aimed to provide feedback from the evaluation to these evidence databases. We carried out a cross-sectional study of the online evidence databases using the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines - a universal standard for web content accessibility assessment. We assessed access to the databases using a purposive sample of 25 resources within them. Resources are meant to improve practice, policy and decision making for all, including people with disabilities. They include systematic reviews, reports and articles. Accessibility is being able to obtain, understand and use resources; addressing barriers that could hinder this is important. Even though these evidence databases are considered as enabling inclusion and diversity within the evidence ecosystem, their contents are not fully accessible to people with disabilities, and they only partially met the recommendations of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging in-vehicle applications seek to improve travel experiences, but the rising number of vehicles results in more computational tasks and redundant content requests, leading to resource waste. Efficient compute offloading and content caching strategies are crucial for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to optimize performance in time latency and energy consumption. This paper proposes a joint task offloading and content caching optimization method based on forecasting traffic streams, called TOCC. First, temporal and spatial correlations are extracted from the preprocessed dataset using the Forecasting Open Source Tool (FOST) and integrated to predict the traffic stream to obtain the number of tasks in the region at the next moment. To obtain a suitable joint optimization strategy for task offloading and content caching, the multi-objective problem of minimizing delay and energy consumption is decomposed into multiple single-objective problems using an improved Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) via the Tchebycheff weight aggregation method, and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions is obtained. Finally, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the TOCC strategy. Compared with other methods, its latency is up to 29% higher and its energy consumption is up to 83% higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are more than 18 million cancer survivors in the United States. Yet, survivors of color remain under-represented in cancer survivorship research (Saltzman et al. in Contemp Clin Trials Commun 29:100986, 2022; Pang et al. in J Clin Oncol 34:3992–3999, 2016; Lythgoe et al. in Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 24:1208–1211, 2021). Our long-term goal is to enroll and follow a cohort of historically under-represented cancer survivors, to better understand modifiable risk factors that influence clinical and quality of life outcomes in these populations. Towards that goal, we describe herein how we applied community-based participatory research approaches to develop inclusive study materials for enrolling such a cohort. Methods: We implemented community engagement strategies to inform and enhance the study website and recruitment materials for this cohort including: hiring a dedicated engagement coordinator/community health educator as a member of our team; working with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Office of Community Engagement (OCE) and Community Advisory Board members; presenting our educational, research, and study recruitment materials at community events; and establishing a community advisory group specifically for the study (4 individuals). In parallel with these efforts, 20 semi-structured user testing interviews were conducted with diverse cancer survivors to inform the look, feel, and usability of the study website. Results: Engagement with community members was a powerful and important approach for this study's development. Feedback was solicited and used to inform decisions regarding the study name (eat move sleep, EMOVES), logo, study website content and imagery, and recruitment materials. Based on community feedback, we developed additional educational materials on healthy groceries and portion size in multiple languages and created a study video. Conclusions: Including an engagement coordinator as a permanent team member, partnering with the institutional community outreach and engagement resources (i.e., OCE), and allocating dedicated time and financial support for cultivating relationships with stakeholders outside the university were critical to the development of the study website and materials. Our community guided strategies will be tested as we conduct enrollment through community advisor networks and via the state cancer registry. Plain English summary: Under-represented racial and ethnic populations are diagnosed with and die from cancer at higher rates than white Americans but are less likely to be included in research studies. This has resulted in limited data on these populations, especially regarding cancer survivorship and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep. Our aim was to develop inclusive and appealing study materials for enrolling a diverse cancer survivorship cohort by integrating a community engagement coordinator/health educator into the research team and collaborating with our cancer center's office of community engagement community advisory board. An additional bridge was developed between community partners and the research team by establishing a community advisory board specifically for the study. We also conducted 20 user testing interviews with cancer survivors and community stakeholders to inform the look, feel, and usability of the study website during development. Our community partnerships and interviews assisted with decisions on our study name, Eat Move Sleep Study (EMOVES), logo, redesigning the study website, and study format. Our partners also provided guidance that highlighted community need and development of new educational materials for healthy diet (postcard sized grocery list on healthy eating) and a video-based recruitment tool for the study. Incorporation of an engagement coordinator into the research team, building an ongoing relationship with our cancer center's office of community engagement, and adding community advisors onto our study team has greatly impacted our study approach and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Playing video games is one of the most popular leisure activities across the world. Video game music (VGM) is a musical art form prevalent in popular culture, and there is potential to use it for the music education of students. Using informal music learning (Green, 2002) and online participatory culture (Jenkins, 1992/2013) theories as grounds for inquiry, this multicase study explored how musicians used the music of Undertale--a popular 2015 independent video game created by Toby Fox--to inspire music making by publishing YouTube videos. Twelve case studies were conducted using methods outlined by Robert E. Stake (1995; 2006), each centered around a YouTube channel managed by creators who published Undertale music video covers. Data were analyzed around three themes: learning how to create for YouTube, creating covers of Undertale for publication, and interacting with others within the VGM community. By exploring the processes of VGM cover artists who published on YouTube, music educators may be able to better guide students to develop skills for publishing content on the internet and connecting with others in meaningful ways online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of 640 posts from the social media platforms of 14 students at a historically Black university revealed that entertainment accounted for 68% of their social media content, "uplift" 17%, and empowerment 14%. Educators worry that students may be squandering online resources that could help improve their lives when they choose entertainment over uplift and empowerment. The study examines why entertainment trumps uplift and empowerment, and more broadly, how it may serve as a catalyst to combat disinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically investigates how review moderation transparency affects the volume, length, and negativity of reviews. A change to the Yelp platform in 2010, introducing review moderation and displaying filtered reviews, created a natural experiment. We used a panel dataset of online reviews from the same set of restaurants on both the Yelp and TripAdvisor platforms in a difference-in-differences (DID) model to test how review moderation transparency affected our outcome variables. We found that increasing review moderation transparency negatively affects review volume but positively affects review negativity. The results also indicate that providing review moderation transparency reduces review length, especially for reviews with positive sentiment. Our findings suggest that providing review moderation transparency induces users to invest less effort in review contributions, especially when they are submitting positive reviews. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results as they relate to the design and use of online review platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article presents a critical analysis of social media content moderation, arguing colorblind policies obscure and legitimize systems of white supremacy. Through facially neutral content policies, social media platforms conceal deliberate choices that align racial benefits and burdens with corporate interests. These choices connect the profitability of racism, the regulatory benefit of protecting politicians who trade in bigotry, and the racial biases that inform how platforms conceptualize the harms of online speech. The resulting content policies reinforce a hierarchical structure that upholds the dominant social, political, and economic advantages attendant to whiteness. As the primary document governing millions of daily decisions regarding online speech, content policy has the unprecedented ability to shape global norms. Although social media companies purport to treat all groups equally, colorblind content policy protects white bigotry while suppressing antiracist and anticolonial resistance. Dominant racial groups are granted extensive latitude of expression, encompassing everything from racial dog whistles to explicitly racist harassment campaigns. Under the guise of protecting humor or political debate, social media companies foster white vigilantism and authoritarian incitement. In contrast, communities of color are policed as dangerous, violent, and uncivilized. Colorblind hate speech rules restrict the ability of marginalized groups to explicitly denounce white racism, while racialized enforcement of violent extremism policy broadly suppresses political debate and sacrifices everything, from satire to journalism, in the name of public safety. Understanding the asymmetry inherent in content moderation requires an engagement with the history and logics of racism. The illusion of colorblind content policy reinforces racial hierarchies by making them appear natural and inevitable. This Article challenges the discriminatory structure of colorblind content policy and advocates for an alternate approach that incorporates the race-conscious moderation necessary to foster full participation in modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a research aimed towards carrying out an evaluative study of websites of selected library networks of the USA. The study analyses the design and structure, website presentation, availability of links and webpages, accessibility of information content and availability of website aid tools on selected library networks’ websites on the basis of number of checkpoints. A checklist was prepared to evaluate the design and structure of selected library networks’ websites, and the data was collected from the websites. The study examines the type of links (internal links, external links, dofollow links, nofollow links, etc.) used by selected library network’s websites. The result highlights that most of the library networks of the USA have well-structured and properly maintained websites with accurate information and accessible uniform resource locator (URL). It also reveals that most of the library networks’ websites are using website-aid tools (such as search, navigation, comment, feedback, and Web 2.0 tools), which makes it easy to navigate information from different webpages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent research, the task of Owner Named Entity Recognition (ONER) in websites has been proposed as a specific and practical application of Multimodal Named Entity Recognition (MNER). The ONER aims to identify the true owner of websites on the Internet, which plays a crucial role in network security. The existing method involves identifying the website owner's name through the text, image, and domain in the content of the website, where the owner information usually appears. However, most of the previous methods simply extracted features from the image and the domain as two independent modalities and did not fully utilize the text information in them. Additionally, these methods do not consider that different modality features are trained on their respective modality space, which makes it difficult to model cross-modal interactions due to different feature spaces. To address these two issues, this paper proposes a Multidimensional Text Guidance and Space Alignment Co-Attention (MTGSAC) model to realize owner named entity recognition in websites. The MTGSAC model can utilize the text information in the image and the domain modalities to guide the text modality for features extraction. Meanwhile, the model designs a features fusion module based on Transformer and co-attention gate mechanism to effectively model cross-modal interactions. Furthermore, to address the problems of insufficient data samples and poor data diversity in the existing ONER dataset, we extended the ONER dataset and proposed the ONER-2.0 dataset. Experimental results on both the ONER and ONER-2.0 datasets show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instagram serves as a unique platform for businesses to engage consumers, market products, and convert visitors into buyers. While brands typically tailor their visual presentation to align with the brand persona and the sex/gender of their target audience, Axe Indonesia, in contrast, collaborated with Enzy Storia as an influencer on social media and even at off-network events, thereby indicating the presence of the male gaze in this collaboration. This qualitative study, employing a content analysis approach, aims to understand how the male gaze is reflected in Axe Indonesia's advertising content involving Enzy Storia on Instagram to generate engagement. The findings reveal the existence of visual representation, gender construction, and Enzy Storia's contribution to this collaboration. The male gaze in the visuals is further supported by audio elements, captions, and copy that objectify women [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are increasingly seeking complex health information online. However, how they access this information and how influential it is on their health choices remains poorly understood. Google Analytics (GA) is a widely used web analytics tool and it has been used in academic research to study health information-seeking behaviors. Nevertheless, it is rarely used to study the navigation flows of health websites. To demonstrate the usefulness of GA data, we adopted both top-down and bottom-up approaches to study how web visitors navigate within a website delivering complex health information about stem cell research using GA's device, traffic and path data. Custom Treemap and Sankey visualizations were used to illustrate the navigation flows extracted from these data in a more understandable manner. Our methodology reveals that different device and traffic types expose dissimilar search approaches. Through the visualizations, popular web pages and content categories frequently browsed together can be identified. Information on a website that is often overlooked but needed by many users can also be discovered. Our proposed method can identify content requiring improvements, enhance usability and guide a design for better addressing the needs of different audiences. This paper has implications for how web designers can use GA to help them determine users' priorities and behaviors when navigating complex information. It highlights that even where there is complex health information, users may still want more direct and easy-to-understand navigations to retrieve such information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educaniora: Journal of Education & Humanities is the property of Educaniora: Journal of Education & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of web technologies has led to the availability of various multimedia content on the web. In addition to text, images, and videos, transitions, animations and interactivity are increasingly used. Transitions and animations present the content on the page in more interesting, attractive ways and can attract and retain users longer, improving the measurable parameters of page visits as well as the user experience. Animations on the web can be created in many ways. And if the animations are not executed well, they can slow down the page. The goal of this article is to compare the measurable parameters of animations created with different technologies. HTML, CSS, SVG, P5js, WebGL technologies and animations created with a 3D modeling tool were used. The article uses two different examples of animations created with different technologies and then tested on several devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing presence of multimodal content on the web, a specific category of fake news is rampant on popular social media outlets. In this category of fake online information, real multimedia contents (images, videos) are used in different but related contexts with manipulated texts to mislead the readers. The presence of seemingly non-manipulated multimedia content reinforces the belief in the associated fabricated textual content. Detecting this category of misleading multimedia fake news is almost impossible without relevance to any prior knowledge. In addition to this, the presence of highly novel and emotion-invoking contents can fuel the rapid dissemination of such fake news. To counter this problem, in this paper, we first introduce a novel multimodal fake news dataset that includes background knowledge (from authenticate sources) of the misleading articles. Second, we design a multimodal framework using Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCL) based novelty detection and Emotion Prediction tasks for fake news detection. We perform extensive experiments to reveal that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online resources in theatre and performance have increased greatly since even before the pandemic, including those that document process: rehearsals, workshops, training or teaching. In spite of this growth, how to film process is not well understood. The article offers 6 areas and related questions to consider in advance of recording such a film document: how to engage with temporal and spatial aspects of the practice; ethical dimensions in relation to all participants; what needs to be captured live and what could be added/changed post-production; relationships between audio and visual elements, here called the Content Ratio; how the film connects to or reflects the live process; and what the camera and film should focus on. It examines these ideas in practice using specific examples of warm up exercises by Frantic Assembly as well as on the National Theatre YouTube site, amongst others. It analyses what these do well and how they might better capture aspects of the process. The article offers some questions and considerations for those documenting their own or others' process for training and educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomske Ideje i Praksa is the property of Centar za Izdavacku Delatnost Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Beogradu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sextortion (a portmanteau of "sexual" and "extortion") is a relatively new phenomenon of sexual exploitation, which occurs when a person threatens another with the distribution of sexual content on the Internet, to obtain more pictures or videos, money, or have some other demand met. The current study examined how school counselors in Israel perceive the phenomenon of online sextortion. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study based on 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews with school counselors working in middle schools and high schools in Israel, who treated adolescent girls blackmailed over the Internet on sexual grounds. Findings indicate that the school counselors had difficulty in identifying and defining the cases they treated as instances of sextortion, and that in their view the harm was slight. Findings also indicate that school counselors associated the causes of sextortion with the victims and their backgrounds. We found differences between the Arab and secular and national-religious state education in the way Jewish counselors treated the victims and involved additional actors such as the victim's parents and the police. This underscores the importance of providing educational staff with adequate knowledge and tools that are culturally suited to the victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization poses challenges for VET teachers in delivering high-quality, work-oriented education to diverse student populations. It also brings forth new dimensions in VET teachers' pedagogical digital competences, which have not received much research attention despite their crucial role in preparing employees for the future workforce. The aim of this study is to contribute to the research on VET teachers' digital competences by presenting the findings of an international study and having a particular focus on pedagogical digital competences (PDC). This study utilized data gathered through a web-based survey of 218 VET teachers from four European countries: Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain (Catalonia). Convenience sampling was used to gather data and ensure representation from various professional fields. VET teachers' responses were analyzed quantitatively with IBM SPSS Statistics assessing means and sum variables across seven sub-areas based on Likert-scale statements. The results indicate VET teachers self-assessing their PDC in the selected sub-areas above the average level. Out of the seven sub-areas, the building interaction and teamwork for online teaching received the highest score. The sub-areas involving feedback and assessment and web content production were assessed as the lowest. The remaining sub-areas: planning online teaching, guidance in online environments and developing one's digital competences received equal scores. The findings indicate VET teachers, aged 35 or younger, assess their competences higher that their older colleagues, and those with less than 10 years of teaching experience assess their competences higher than more experienced teachers. Also, teachers with two or more years of online teaching experience reported higher competence levels compared to those with less experience. The findings indicate that younger VET teachers (35 years or younger) and those with less than 10 years of teaching experience displayed slightly higher pedagogical digital competences than the other groups, possibly indicating a generational shift among teachers. However, longer experiences in VET does not seem to diminish teachers' competences; instead, they remain at similar levels and can be effectively transferred to online teaching environments even after 20 or more years of teaching. Based on the findings, the most effective approach to enhancing VET teachers' pedagogical digital competence development is to provide them with opportunities to gain experience in online teaching. Therefore, we encourage VET teachers, irrespective of their demographic backgrounds, to build confidence in digital learning environments, for example by pair-teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper set out to test the accuracy of five AI content tools, GPTZero, OpenAI Text Classifier, Writer.com's AI Content Detector, Copyleaks AI Content Detector, and Giant Language model Test Room, to detect AIgenerated content in the responses generated by ChatGPT, YouChat, and Chatsonic. The responses were generated from these three AI chatbots using English prompts related to applied English language studies. Then, the ChatGPT-generated responses were Google-translated into German, French, Spanish, Southern Sotho, and isiZulu, and inputted into GPTZero for it to detect the AI-generated content in them. Additionally, the ChatGPT-generated responses Google-translated into German, French and Spanish were inputted into Copyleaks AI Content Detector for it to detect the AI-generated content in them. For the ChatGPT-, YouChat-, and Chatsonic-generated responses, Copyleaks AI Content Detector emerged as the top-most performing AI content detector among the five AI content detectors. It was followed by OpenAI's AI Text Classifier. Concerning the ChatGPT-generated responses that were Google-translated into five languages, GPTZero misidentified all of them as human-produced. For the ChatGPT-generated responses that were Google-translated into German, French and Spanish, Copyleaks AI Content Detector correctly identified three of the German-translated texts, five of the French-translated texts, and all the Spanish-translated texts as AI-generated. Thus, it is evident from this paper that all five AI content detectors seem not yet fully ready to accurately and convincingly detect AI-generated content from machine-generated texts in different contexts. This has dire consequences for AI-generated plagiarism in academic essay writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a modern person in a digital environment requires a high level of digital literacy, special skills that allow us to perceive, process and use ever-increasing amounts of information. Any information is now available to users, technologies allow viewing and studying various sources of information almost simultaneously. The amount of visual content is increasing, and therefore, cognitive processes are adapting to new conditions. Technologies are changing, and needs are changing, which in turn leads to a new stage of technology development. Technologies are becoming more complex and at the same time becoming more understandable and familiar to users, simplifying the processes of perception and processing of information. Advances in the field of image creation and processing have significantly expanded the possibilities and ways of presenting visual information. There is a need to investigate the features of the processes of human perception of visual information from the standpoint of various theoretical approaches. The article contains the results of a study of the perception of visual information in the digital environment by people of different ages, the features of its processing, memorization, comprehension. Modern digital space forms new perceptual and cognitive styles of information processing, which are associated with the development of awareness of digital content consumption – depending on the goals of online activity – sometimes a thoughtful and contemplative perception and comprehension of data is necessary, and sometimes it is enough to identify keywords or images and, based on them, view certain data and draw conclusions. It is this awareness of digital content consumption that allows you to experience a unique cognitive experience in a digital environment, which allows you to experience emotional satisfaction from studying and perceiving data, and not just from studying them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Patients often search on the Internet information about different medical conditions and procedures. This study aimed to evaluate online health information on colonoscopy, focusing on quantity and comprehensibility of internet resources dedicated to the colonoscopy. This information could be used by European Union (EU) colorectal cancer (CRC) screening providers to address patient's unfilled educational needs, fear of colonoscopy, and other barriers that deter from CRC screening. The term "colonoscopy" translated into 22 official EU languages was searched using the Google search engine. For each translation, generated list of websites was assessed with Google Translate. The first 50 websites in each language were assessed for suitability. Records in other languages were excluded. Included websites were free, focused on patient education, and did not have password. Readability assessments were performed with Lix score. A total of 588 websites in Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, and Swedish were evaluated. The overall mean Lix score was 56 ± 8 and was classified as very hard to comprehend. There were significant differences in mean Lix scores across the included languages (P<.001). There was not significant correlation (R2 = 0.1, P = 0.142) between Lix score and number of search hits. Although there was a wealth of online patient information on colonoscopy, the comprehensibility of the available information is low. Physician guidance to reliable resources could increase patient's willingness to undergo a screening colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The media content shared on the internet has increased tremendously nowadays. The streaming service has major role in contributing to internet traffic all over the world. As the major content shared are in the form of images and rapid increase in computing power a better and complex encryption standard is needed to protect this data from being leaked to unauthorized person. Our proposed system makes use of chaotic maps, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding and ribonucleic acid (RNA) coding technique to encrypt the image. As videos are nothing but collection of images played at the rate of minimum 30 frames/images per second, this methodology can also be used to encrypt videos. The complexity and dynamic nature of chaotic systems makes decryption of content by unauthorized personal difficult. The hybrid usage of chaotic systems along with DNA and RNA sequencing improves the encryption efficiency of the algorithm and also makes it possible to decrypt the images at the same time without consuming too much of computation power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]