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La actividad empresarial en Colombia y su enfoque hacia el desarrollo de emprendimientos se genera en una perspectiva muy básica que generan conflictos y problemas que ponen en riesgo las ideas de negocio llevándolas al fracaso o al estancamiento. Es por esto que se deben tener en cuenta las características que exigen los mercados actuales para los emprendedores y la forma en la que se deben poner en practica, con el fin de generar empresas solidas, de alta proyección y de competitividad robusta para el buen desempeño en los mercados. Business activity in Colombia and its approach to the development of ventures is generated from a very basic perspective that generates conflicts and problems that put business ideas at risk, leading them to failure or stagnation. This is why the characteristics that current markets demand for entrepreneurs must be taken into account and the way in which they must be put into practice, in order to generate solid companies, with high projection and robust competitiveness for good performance. in the markets. Pregrado

In recent years, the emerging fear of an energy crisis in central Europe has caused an increased demand for distributed energy resources (DER), especially small photovoltaic rooftop installations up to 10 kWp. From a technical point of view, distributed PV in low-voltage networks is associated with the risk of power quality violation, overvoltage, voltage unbalance, harmonics, and violation of the thermal limit of phase conductors, neutral conductors, and transformers. Distribution system operators (DSO) are currently in a position to determine the amount of installed PV power for which reliable and safe network operation is ensured, also known as the photovoltaic hosting capacity (PVHC). The presented study describes a stochastic methodology for PVHC estimation and uses it to analyze a typical LV rural network in the Slovak Republic. Detailed and precise calculations are performed on the 4-wire LV model with accurate results. In this study, we, thus, profoundly analyze the problems with voltage violation, unbalanced voltage energy losses, and the thermal loading effect of increasing PV penetration. The results show that overvoltage events are the main factor limiting the PVHC in LV systems. This conclusion is in accordance with the experience of the DSO in the Slovak and Czech Republic. Subsequently, the study focuses on the possibilities of increasing PVHC using those tools typically available for DSO, such as changes in PV inverter power factors and no-load tap changer transformers. The results are compared with those derived from similar analyses, but we ultimately find that the proposed solution is problematic due to the high variability of approaches and boundary conditions. In conclusion, the paper discusses the issue of the acceptable risk of overvoltage violation in the context of PVHC and lowering losses in LV networks.

Background: Increase in lipid levels associated with the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has previously been reported. However, it is unknown if this effect is similar for all IBD drug classes.Aim: To precisely assess the effect of different IBD drug classes on lipid profilesMethods: We performed a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials and observational cohort studies that assessed lipid levels before and after induction (10 weeks) of IBD treatment. Data of 11 studies (1663 patients) were pooled using random effects models. The influence of patient and disease characteristics on treatment effects on total cholesterol levels was analysed in 6 studies (1211 patients) for which individual data were available, using linear mixed models.Results: A statistically significant increase in total cholesterol was observed after induction treatment with corticosteroids (+1.19 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI95] +0.52 to +2.59), and tofacitinib (+0.66 mmol/L, CI95 +0.42 to +0.79), but not after anti-TNF alpha treatment (-0.11 mmol/L, CI95 -0.26 to +0.36 mmol/L). Similar differences were observed after maintenance treatment. Treatment effects were significantly related to age, but not with other factors. Lipid changes were inversely correlated with but not modified by CRP changes.Conclusions: Increase in total cholesterol levels was strongest for corticosteroids followed by tofacitinib but was not observed for anti-TNF alpha agents. Whether total cholesterol change associated with IBD treatment has an effect on cardiovascular risk requires further study.

This report applies the framework to diagnose the opportunities and constraints faced by the rural economy and households and to assess policy options to address these constraints. The approach builds on four steps. The first step consists in examining the socio-demographic profile and living conditions of rural households. The second step assesses opportunities to increase the income of rural households. The third step investigates the key constraints preventing rural households from taking advantage of these opportunities and explores the sequencing and overlap of the constraints. The final step examines the feasible policy actions that would help rural households overcome the key constraints to increasing their income. Details are provided in Figure 9. The analysis selects the key constraints that prevent households from taking advantage of identified opportunities. Prioritization of constraints requires assessing the likely benefits of pursuing the opportunities compared against the costs of relaxing the constraints. There are four criteria suggested by Hill (2018) that are used to identify the priority constraints that need to be address: (1) the constraint limits several important sources of income; (2) strength of evidence that addressing the constraint will help income growth, (3) the constraint has a stronger impact on poorer households or regions, and (4) existing evidence on the need to address the constraint first before other constraints can be addressed. Potential feasible policy solutions are suggested to the prioritized constraints. The potential for the policy solutions to address the constraints, their feasibility, and the size and breadth of their impact is graded based on the review of evidence and discussion with experts and stakeholders operating in the field.

This study investigates solar variability between 650 CE and 1900 based on new and published 14C records with a time resolution of two years or higher. The new high-resolution 14C data presented here are derived from Danish oak and span the period 1058–1250 CE. We determine the durations of past solar minima and periods with moderate solar activity from the solar modulation potential calculated using a carbon-box model with the high-resolution 14C records as input. The observed intervals of solar minima and intermittent periods with moderate activity levels suggest that a Maunder-type minimum occurred in 656–707 CE. We tentatively propose to name this minimum the Horrebow Minimum after Christian Horrebow, an early Danish astronomer who studied the occurrence of sunspots and was the first to propose that they follow a cyclic behaviour. Changes in amplitude and cycle length of the 11-year solar cycle are investigated by bandpass filtering 23 individual 14C records. The filtered 14C data indicate that the length of the 11-year solar cycle may be prolonged before the onset of the Oort, Maunder, and Spörer minima. The amplitude of the 11-year solar cycle associated with solar minima and periods with moderate solar activity between 650 CE and 1900 is estimated to 1.1‰. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test indicates that there is no significant difference between the amplitude distribution of 11-year solar cycles during solar minima and periods of moderate solar activity. A review of the high-resolution 14C records encompassing the near-Earth supernova events that occurred in 1006 CE, 1054, 1181, 1572, and 1604 suggests that these events were not accompanied by distinct changes in the 14C production rate. Nonetheless, an unusual increase of c. 10‰ in Δ14C between 1048 CE and 1055 is observed and discussed.

A recent synthesis study found 54% of the high-latitude peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over the past centuries, illustrating their complex ecohydrological dynamics and highly uncertain responses to a warming climate. High-latitude peatlands are changing rapidly in response to climate change, including permafrost thaw. Here, we reconstruct hydrological conditions since the seventeenth century using testate amoeba data from 103 high-latitude peat archives. We show that 54% of the peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over this period, illustrating the complex ecohydrological dynamics of high latitude peatlands and their highly uncertain responses to a warming climate.

Por medio del presente escrito se relacionan un plan de mejora frente aspectos problemáticos encontrados en el transcurso de las prácticas profesionales empleadas en la empresa; Distribuidora Los Autos de Colombia S.A.S ( Los Coches ), donde se mostrara los procesos encontrados en el área de importaciones de vehículos automotores. Identificando aspectos por medio de una análisis DOFA ( Debilidades, Oportunidades, Fortalezas y Amenazas), determinando ciertos objetivos, para el avance y desarrollo en el área de importaciones de la compañía, por medio de métodos innovadores o estrategias enfocadas en el crecimiento y gestión de procesos en obtención de mejor rendimiento y resultado, así mismo tener enfoque en las deficiencias encontradas, en el flujo de trabajo y los procesos teniendo en cuenta la acumulacion de trabajo, por época de pandemia Covid -19 , y lograr retomar los procesos de la manera más satisfactoria en el principio de la Post-pandemic estableciendo una mejora continua y una mejor gestión de procesos By means of this writing, an improvement plan is related to problematic aspects found in the course of the professional practices used in the company; Distributor Los Autos de Colombia S.A.S (Los Coches), where the processes found in the area of ​​imports of motor vehicles will be shown. Identifying aspects through a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), determining certain objectives, for the advancement and development in the company's import area, through innovative methods or strategies focused on the growth and management of processes to obtain better performance and results, as well as having a focus on the deficiencies found, on the workflow and the processes, taking into account the accumulation of work, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and managing to resume the processes in the way more satisfactory at the beginning of the Post-pandemic by establishing continuous improvement and better process management Profesional en Negocios Internacionales Pregrado

The protection mediated by the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) declines during Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, especially in patients carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) isoform. The drug FTY720 mimics S1P bioactivity, but its efficacy in treating AD is unclear. Two doses of FTY720 (0.1 mg / kg and 0.5 mg / kg daily) were given by oral gavage for 15 weeks to transgenic mouse models of familial AD carrying human apolipoprotein E (APOE) APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). After 12 weeks of treatment, animals were subjected to behavioral tests for memory, locomotion, and anxiety. Blood was withdrawn at different time points and brains were collected for sphingolipids analysis by mass spectrometry, gene expression by RT-PCR and Aβ quantification by ELISA. We discovered that low levels of S1P in the plasma is associated with a higher probability of failing the memory test and that FTY720 prevents memory impairments in E4FAD. The beneficial effect of FTY720 was induced by a shift of the sphingolipid metabolism in the brain towards a lower production of toxic metabolites, like ceramide d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/22:0, and reduction of amyloid-β burden and inflammation. In conclusion, we provide further evidence of the druggability of the sphingolipid system in AD. ispartof: BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY vol:152 ispartof: location:France status: published

Free school meals (FSM) are a well-recognized intervention for tackling food insecurity among school children. National school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic meant that there was a need to rapidly adapt the delivery of FSM. A range of food-assistance policies were implemented, but it is not clear if they were evidence-based. This study aimed to determine the transparency of evidence use and identify other competing influences in the UK’s FSM policy decisions. Thematic content analysis was used to review 50 publicly available policy documents and debate transcripts on FSM policy published between March 2020 and 2021. This period covered the first national school closures (March 2020–July 2020), school holidays, and the second national school closures (January 2021–March 2021). The Evidence Transparency Framework (ETF) was used to assess the transparency of evidence use in policy documents. We found that overall transparency of evidence use was poor but was better for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) program. The Government showed preference for replacing FSM with food parcels, rather than more agentic modes of food assistance, such as cash-vouchers. This preference appeared to be closely aligned with ideological views on the welfare state. With an absence of evidence, value-based reasoning took precedent and was polarized by social media. This article highlights the need for a formal review into FSM, one which includes a comparison of low and high agentic food assistance policies. Such a review would address the evidence gap, improve food assistance policy, and aid policymakers in future periods of uncertainty.

This article synthesizes recent findings on antecedents of healthy eating. We discuss consumer-related and environment-related forces that influence consumers' healthy food choices and emphasize the duality of these forces so that they can facilitate but also prevent healthy eating. Specifically, our review documents how consumer lay beliefs, goals, and habits shape eating patterns. We further document the impact of environment-related forces on healthy consumption-focusing on intervention strategies and environmental changes (i.e., the trend towards online retail channels). Finally, we discuss three salient tensions (i.e., an innate craving for unhealthy food, a focus on single decisions, and a selective focus on self-control dilemmas) that emerge when taking a holistic view on existing research.

Aims Here, we investigated the association between depressive symptoms and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in type 1 diabetes. Methods Data from adult individuals with type 1 diabetes without evidence of diabetic kidney disease or macrovascular complications, participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, were included. Based on a questionnaire, weekly LTPA as metabolic equivalent of task hour was calculated. Activity levels (inactive, moderately active, active), weekly frequencies ( 2), intensities (low, moderate, high), and single session durations ( 60 min) were assessed. Depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We calculated a continuous BDI score and divided participants into those with (BDI score ≥ 16) and without (BDI score Results Of the 1339 participants (41.7% men, median age 41 years), 150 (11.2%) reported symptoms of depression. After adjustments, both higher BDI scores and depressive symptomatology were associated with more inactive lifestyle, and lower frequency and intensity of the LTPA. The BDI score was additionally associated with shorter single session duration. For antidepressant purchases, lower odds were observed in those with higher intensity and longer single session duration of LTPA. Conclusions Depressive mood is harmfully related to LTPA in type 1 diabetes. In order to improve the long-term health of individuals with type 1 diabetes, efforts to increase both mental well-being and physical activity should be taken.

Leases and rent play a key role in agricultural production. Rental payments represent a significant part of production costs. Practice shows that in order not to lose the already occupied areas, producers increase the amount of payments to owners. The aim of the study is to track the dynamics of average prices for lease agreements for the South-Eastern region of Bulgaria. Basic and chain indices of price dynamics were used. There was a continuous growth of increase in rent paymentsТракийски университет - Стара Загора.

This study investigated the spatiotemporal changes, including long-term trends and abrupt changes in the heatwave (HW)-related climatic characteristics of Turkey, such as the heatwave number (HWN), duration (HWD), frequency (HWF), magnitude (HWM), and amplitude (HWA). Heatwave-related indices in Turkey based on 88 meteorological stations were calculated considering the 90th percentile of the daily minimum air temperature (Tn90p) and the 90th percentile of the daily maximum air temperature (Tx90p). Trend analysis of the heatwave characteristics indicated that Turkey has experienced more frequent, longer, and hotter heatwaves since 1950. The most significant increasing trends observed in the series of HWNs, HWFs, and HWDs and the Tn90p series were characterized generally with greater trend values. Geographically, the largest changes in the heatwave characteristics of Turkey were detected to occur after the middle of the 1990s in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean coasts, which are in agreement with previous studies performed for various regions of the Mediterranean basin. Long-term trends in almost all country-based heatwave indices of Turkey, except trends in the Tn90p series of HWM values, particularly the Tn90p and Tx90p time series of HWN, HWF, and HWD, and the Tn90p time series of HWA values are statistically significant at the 0.000 level. Statistical comparisons of the means and variances of the Tn90p and Tx90p time series of HWN, HWF, and HWD between the periods of 1950-1984 and 1985-2018 are statistically significant at the 0.005 level. These results indicate abrupt changes towards increased heatwave conditions after the year 1984.

Background: Longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are seldom studied. Furthermore, data on biomarker gradient between lumbar (L-) and ventricular (V-) compartments seems to be discordant. Objective: To examine alteration of CSF biomarkers reflecting Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related amyloid-beta (A beta) aggregation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and early synaptic degeneration by CSF shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to AD-related changes in brain biopsy. In addition, biomarker levels in L- and V-CSF were compared. Methods: L-CSF was collected prior to shunt placement and, together with V-CSF, 3-73 months after surgery. Thereafter, additional CSF sampling took place at 3, 6, and 18 months after the baseline sample from 26 iNPH patients with confirmed A beta plaques in frontal cortical brain biopsy and 13 iNPH patients without A beta pathology. CSF Amyloid-beta(42) (A beta(42)), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau(181)), neurofilament light (NFL), and neurogranin (NRGN) were analyzed with customized ELISAs. Results: All biomarkers but A beta(42) increased notably by 140-810% in L-CSF after CSF diversion and then stabilized. A beta(42) instead showed divergent longitudinal decrease between A beta-positive and -negative patients in L-CSF, and thereafter increase in A beta-negative iNPH patients in both L- and V-CSF. All five biomarkers correlated highly between V-CSF and L-CSF (A beta(42) R = 0.87, T-tau R = 0.83, P-tau R = 0.92, NFL R = 0.94, NRGN R = 0.9; all p < 0.0001) but were systematically lower in V-CSF (A beta(42) 14 %, T-tau 22%, P-tau 20%, NFL 32%, NRGN 19%). With APOE genotype-grouping, only A beta(42) showed higher concentration in non-carriers of allele epsilon 4. Conclusion: Longitudinal follow up shows that after an initial post-surgery increase, T-tau, P-tau, and NRGN are stable in iNPH patients regardless of brain biopsy A beta pathology, while NFL normalized toward its pre-shunt levels. A beta(42) as biomarker seems to be the least affected by the surgical procedure or shunt and may be the best predictor of AD risk in iNPH patients. All biomarker concentrations were lower in V-than L-CSF yet showing strong correlations.

The subject of the research is theoretical-methodical and practical aspects of formation and ensuring the agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness taking into account the levels, dynamics, and other features of their financial and economic sustainability and economic security. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological principles and practical ways of increasing agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness based on their financial and economic sustainability and security. The methodological bases of the article are general methodological approaches, namely: dialectical, historical, monographic, system-structural analysis, and synthesis to the study of economic phenomena and processes. Legislative and normative-legal regulations for development and formation of agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness, their financial and economic sustainability and security; scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the theory and practice of competitiveness as one of the main categories of market mechanism and management in agriculture; analytical and statistical materials of the State Statistics Service are used in the work. In the work the methods of economic researches are used: abstract and logical – for substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases of agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness formation in the conditions of their financial and economic sustainability and security; in the formation of theoretical generalizations, factors and principles of competitiveness management, critical analysis of other authors’ research; statistical and economic – in determining the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises; marketing –when researching the food market and assessing market conditions for the future; comparative – when comparing indicators of enterprises’ competitiveness of the given region and agro sphere industry with the other ones; graphic – to determine structural changes in the food market; system-structural – to analyze the resource potential of agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness; analytical forecasting – to determine the system of measures of organizational and economic mechanism for its provision; economic and mathematical modelling – to substantiate the increasing of agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness, taking into account the levels of their financial and economic sustainability and security. The results of the article. It is determined that the leading importance in ensuring the agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness belongs to the competitive advantages, as well as their financial and economic sustainability and economic security. The factors and components of providing the latter are determined. A set of measures to increase financial and economic sustainability, ensure economic security as a basis for stable competitiveness, and assurance of its growth in the future is proposed. Field of application of results. The results can be used in the management of agricultural enterprises, in the educational process of higher education institutions, in training the specialists in economics and management. Conclusions. It is determined that the most significant feature of the theory and practice of rural green tourism enterprises in European countries is the expansion of their functions from purely business to more socially necessary and significant – as tools for preservation and reproduction of rural areas, including depressed ones. This provides for their greater support at the level of local communities and government, which is appropriate for all uses. It also makes sense to use the well-tested mechanisms and forms of tourism in the countryside.

Old-growth forests have an important role in maintaining animal and plant diversity, are important carbon (C) reservoirs and are privileged sites to study long-term plant physiological responses, long-term forest dynamics and climate change impact on forest ecosystems. Several studies have highlighted how old-living trees undergo age-related declines with hydraulic limitations and reduction in photosynthesis, though some recent works have suggested that such a decline is not always observed. Our study aims at understanding the role of atmospheric CO2 increase on tree C uptake and stomatal conductance (gs) in old-living trees by analysing the long-term patterns of tree growth and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in three old-growth forests in the Balkans (Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro), using dendrochronology and isotopic analysis. We hypothesised a long-term increase in iWUE in the studied old-growth forests, mostly related to enhanced photosynthesis rather than reduced stomatal conductance. Tree cores were sampled from dominant silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) trees in each forest. Tree-ring widths were measured and basal area increments (BAI) were assessed for each sampled tree and, from the six longest chronologies, five decades were chosen for cellulose extraction, its isotopic analysis (δ13C, δ18O), iWUE and leaf water 18O evaporative enrichment above the source water (Δ18OL) determination. We observed a continuous and significant increase in iWUE from 1800 to 2010 in the sampled dominant trees at all the three old-growth forests. Our BAI data and our estimates of Δ18OL across the study period support the idea that enhanced photosynthesis rather than reduced stomatal conductance is the major driver of the measured iWUE increase. Thus, our results support some recent findings challenging the hypothesis that iWUE in forests is primarily the result of a CO2-induced reduction in stomatal conductance as well as the so called hydraulic limitation hypothesis.

La prevención de riesgos laborales es un derecho básico de los trabajadores, por su evidente conexión con el derecho a la vida y a la salud. Su relevancia y complejidad jurídica merecen conocer cómo se regula el deber de seguridad en el ordenamiento jurídico chileno, cuáles son sus características más relevantes y cuál es el alcance de esta obligación empresarial The prevention of occupational hazards is a basic right of workers, connected with the right to life. It is important to know how it is regulated in the Chilean law, and analyze its most important characteristics. Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Analyzes of multiple explorations and correlations between the variables of the wet mount analysis (degree of condition of hepatopancreas, Gregarines and Epibionts) and the Average Weekly Increase -AWI- of 76 shrimp ponds in Sonora, Mexico, were performed. Although the wet mount analysis variables showed negative correlation trends with the AWI, only the gregarine infestation showed significant evidence with the AWI, suggesting that parasitosis causes negative effects on shrimp growth, even in organisms that are not severely affected., Se realizan análisis estadísticos sobre los resultados de 76 estanques de cultivo de camarones en Sonora, México. En ellos, se evalúa la correlación entre tres variables predictivas propuestas: Grado de condición de hepatopáncreas, Gregarinas y Epibiontes. Estableciendo al Incremento Semanal Promedio (ISP), como variable de respuesta. Se aplica un Análisis de componentes principales, en el cual se observa que estas variables presentaron correlaciones negativas con el ISP. Al realizar análisis de regresión lineal y ANOVA, no se detectan correlaciones a p

La presente idea de negocio surge como respuesta a la alta demanda y al crecimiento del sector gastronómico evidenciado en el sector de La Candelaria en Bogotá, puesto que, la oferta en el sector de restaurantes cómodos, agradables y que ofrezcan servicio de calidad disminuyó como consecuencia de la pandemia. This business idea arises in response to the high demand and growth of the gastronomic sector evidenced in the La Candelaria sector in Bogotá, since the offer in the sector of comfortable, pleasant restaurants that offer quality service decreased as a consequence. of the pandemic. Administrador de empresas Pregrado

El taller tropical es un proyecto arquitectónico planteado para la comunidad del barrio Moravia en la ciudad de Medellín – Antioquia, el cual cuenta con una gran diversidad de culturas dado que su crecimiento se dio en forma de invasión ya que este era el antiguo basurero de la ciudad y los desplazados por la violencia encontraron entre los desechos una luz de esperanza para un nuevo comienzo, pero este crecimiento se dio muy acelerado y sin ningún tipo de planificación, provocando que en estos momentos el sector carezca de espacios adecuados para la interacción social, equipamientos educativos, espacios públicos, zonas verdes entre otras. Es por esto que la comunidad adecuo un lugar provisional en el cual ubicaron un taller tropical en el que desarrollan toda clase de actividades para dar a conocer sus diferentes culturas, pero este se encuentra ubicado en una de las terrazas de una vivienda, la cual no pueden seguir arrendando, además que el lugar es demasiado pequeño para la cantidad de habitantes del sector. Por ello se empieza la búsqueda de un nuevo lote donde ubicarse de forma definitiva y brindarle a los habitantes de Moravia y turistas zonas en las cuales se sientan ajusto y puedan dar a conocer un poquito de sus raíces. Se toma uno de los pocos lotes sin habitar y se plantea un proyecto en el cual se le regale a la comunidad la mayor parte para espacio publico y zonas verdes. Pero igual brindándoles espacios amplios y diversos donde puedan desarrollar toda clase de actividades y muestras culturales. The Taller Tropical is an architectural project proposed for the community of the Moravia neighborhood in Medellin - Antioquia city, which has a great diversity of cultures, since its growth was by invasion since this was the old dump of the city, and those displaced by violence found in the waste a light of hope for a new beginning, but this growth was very accelerated and without any planning, causing that in this time the sector does not have adequate spaces for social interaction, educational facilities, public spaces, green areas and others. That is why the community adapted a provisional place in which they located a Taller Tropical in which they develop all kinds of activities to divulge their different cultures, but this is located on one of the terraces of a house, which cannot continue to pay rent, plus the place is too small for the number of population of the sector. For this reason, we are looking for a new place where we can settle down definitively and offer the population of Moravia and tourists areas in which they feel comfortable and can show a little bit of their cultural roots. One of the few uninhabited places is taken and a project is planned in which the community is given most of the public space and green areas. But in the same way we offer them wide and diverse spaces where they can develop all kinds of activities and show their cultures. Pregrado

Background The current study aims to identify the relationships between coagulation factors and plasma thrombin generation in a large population-based study by comparing individuals with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis to cardiovascular healthy individuals. Methods This study comprised 502 individuals with a history of arterial disease, 195 with history of venous thrombosis and 1402 cardiovascular healthy individuals (reference group) from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Calibrated Automated Thrombography was assessed and coagulation factors were measured by means of BCS XP Systems. To assess the biochemical determinants of TG variables, a multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex and antithrombotic therapy, was conducted. Results The lag time, the time to form the first thrombin, was mainly positively associated with the natural coagulant and anti-coagulant factors in the reference group, i.e. higher factors result in a longer lag time. The same determinants were negative for individuals with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis, with a 10 times higher effect size. Endogenous thrombin potential, or area under the curve, was predominantly positively determined by factor II, VIII, X and IX in all groups. However, the effect sizes of the reported associations were 4 times higher for the arterial and venous disease groups in comparison to the reference group. Conclusion This large-scale analysis demonstrated a stronger effect of the coagulant and natural anti-coagulant factors on the thrombin potential in individuals with a history of arterial or venous thrombosis as compared to healthy individuals, which implicates sustained alterations in the plasma coagulome in subjects with a history of thrombotic vascular disease, despite intake of antithrombotic therapy.

Background In the current century, sleep apnoea has become a significant public health problem due to the obesity epidemic. To increase awareness, improve diagnostics, and improve treatment, Finland implemented a national sleep apnoea programme from 2002 to 2010. Here, we present changes in the societal burden caused by sleep apnoea from 1996 to 2018. Methods National register data were collected from the Care Register for Health Care, Statistics Finland, the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, and the Finnish Centre for Pensions. Disease prevalence, use of healthcare and social services, and societal costs were estimated. Findings The number of sleep apnoea patients increased in secondary care from 8 600 in 1996 to 61 000 in 2018. There was a continuous increase in outpatient visits in secondary care from 9 700 in 1996 to 122 000 in 2018 (1 160%) and in primary care from 10 000 in 2015 to 29 000 in 2018 (190%). Accordingly, the cumulative annual number of days off work for sleep apnoea increased from 1 100 to 46 000. However, disability pensions for sleep apnoea decreased from 820 to 550 (33%) during the observation period. Societal costs per patient decreased over 50% during the observation period ((sic) 2 800 to (sic)1 200). Interpretation The number of sleep apnoea patients in Finland increased remarkably during the observation period. To control this burden, diagnostic methods and treatment were revised and follow up was reorganised. Consequently, there was a significant decrease in societal costs per patient. The decrease in disability pensions suggests earlier diagnosis and improved treatment. The national sleep apnoea programme was one of the initiators for these improved outcomes. Funding The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUH), Helsinki, Finland. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)