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42 persons which commited crime sexual actions were examined in terms of clinical and neurochemical investigations. The sexual behaviours of 31 patients from this group were associated with sexual inclination pathology--with paraphilia. The patients were divided into 2 groups namely with compulsive form of paraphilia (13 individuals) and without compulsive disturbances (18 patients). Both free and conjugated forms of norepinephrine (NA), dopamine (DA), dihyroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihyroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured in serum and daily urine as well as serotonin concentration was estimated in blood plasma and platelets. The rate of 3H-serotonin uptake into platelets (Vmax) was also investigated. It was determined that Vmax, free and especially conjugated forms of NA, DA, DOPAC levels were significantly higher in patients with compulsive forms of paraphilia. It was supposed that monoamine mechanisms may be operated in psychopathological variations of the crime sexual behaviour.

In this paper, we consider theoretically nonlinear ion-cyclotron gradient-drift dissipative structures (oscillitons) in low ionospheric plasmas. Similar to Nonlinear Optics and Condensed Matter Physics, the Ginzburg-Landau equation for the envelope of electric wave fields is derived, and solutions for oscillitons in the form of solitons with chirp are examined. The whole dissipative structure constitutes a soliton with a moving charge-neutral density hump. Conditions for excitation and properties of the structures are considered.

Reconstructive-restorative operations were conducted on the large intestine in 932 patients. Means of optimization of treatment in the early postoperative period in elderly and old-aged patients, who often have concomitant diseases, must be searched for. The dynamics of energy consumption in the early postoperative period was studied in 15 patients. Considerable effectiveness of complex diet including proteins was established during elaboration of individual dosed feeding. The immune status was studied in dynamics in 38 patients; immunomodulation agents lead in most cases to restoration of the reduced immunity indices or have a stabilizing effect on them when used both as a preventive and as a therapeutic measure. Percutaneous electrostimulation in the early postoperative period proved to be highly effective in arresting the pain syndrome, removal of functional intestinal paresis and reflex ischuria.

The expression of the cytochrome P450IIIA4 gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast using the shuttle vector pYeDP1-8/2 has been carried out. The microsomal fraction isolated from the transformed yeast cells was used for biotransformation of the anabolic steroid hormone-methandrostenolone (MA). The microsomal oxidation products were analyzed by HPLC and two-dimensional TLC. It was shown that microsomes of the yeasts expressing human cytochrome P450IIIA4 catalyze the MA conversion into its 6 beta-hydroxy derivative. An identical product is formed via a reaction catalyzed by human liver microsomes. The use of the heterological system of cytochrome P450IIIA4 expression has made it possible to establish its role in MA metabolism. The experimental system simulates the first phase of the drug biotransformation in liver cells.

Plasma catecholamine levels and serum dopamine-beta-hydrolase (D beta H) activity were investigated using high-performance chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively, in 32 patients aged 10-14 with various motor pathology. Group 1 patients (21 children with spastic diplegia and clinical signs of central catecholaminergic neuromediation deficiency) received Nakom in a single daily dose 60 mg in the morning. The treatment produced a good clinical effect. Six children of group 2 with hereditary degenerative cerebral, spinal, nervous diseases and 5 children of group 3 with lower spastic paraplegia consequent to spinal cord trauma inflicted 6-12 months: before received Nakom in a single daily dose 30 mg in the morning for 14 days. The treatment in them resulted in an essential decrease of pelvic dysfunctions. All the children had a high DOPA level in blood plasma irrespective of the group and Nakom administration. Pretreatment dopamine (DA) levels were different: the least in cerebral palsy patients (0.019 +/- 0.01 ng/ml), the highest in group 2 (p0.05), in children with spinal cord pathology it was higher than normal and higher than in group 1 (p0.001). Nakom treatment promoted DA normalization in all the groups. Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were very low in all the patients correlating with the degenerative process degree and did not change in response to Nakom administration. D beta H activity was inhibited in all the groups, especially in the spinal patients. Nakom increased both D beta H activity (p0.01) and motor activity. Thus, an increased DOPA level is plasma is not specific for nervous diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

cDNA encoding human cytochrome P-450IIIA4 was modified by the PCR method to attain maximum expression in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and then recloned in the shuttle vector pYeDP under the control of galactose-sensitive promoter. The strain transformed this plasmid synthesized in the galactose-containing medium a protein authentic to P-450IIA4 in its spectral properties and enzymatic activity. After subcellular fractionation of the yeast the protein was found in the microsomal fraction which displayed a reduced-CO spectrum with maximum absorption at 448 nm typical of all members of the P-450 family. The microsomes from the transformed yeast catalyzed transformation of nifedipine, a specific substrate for P-450IIA4. Thus, transgenic yeast have been constructed mimicking the catabolic activity of human cytochrome P-450IIIA4.

Functionally active human cytochrome P-450IID6 was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells transformed with yeast expression vectors containing a fragment of the 2 mu-plasmid and cytochrome P-450 cDNA. Transcription was regulated by yeast acid phosphatase PHO5 promoter or chimeric GAL10-CYC1 promoter. Induced yeast cells synthesized cytochrome P-450 that was revealed by the optical absorption of the reduced CO form. Intact yeast cells were capable to metabolize the drug sparteine forming biotransformation products usually found in human. Expression of the human cytochromes P-450 seems to be a promising route to investigate new drugs and to screen genotoxic compounds.

Polymerase chain reaction was used to study the expression of the drug metabolism gene. Primers complementary to the 2070-2090 and 2912-2930 sites within exons 4 and 6 of the gene CYP2D6 were synthesized. The amplification of the cDNA from total human liver mRNA was achieved. The length of the fragment obtained (238 bp) was in accordance with the distance between the primers binding sites in cDNA. The amplification of the DNA from the same source led to the longer fragment due to the presence of introns. The total RNA from the blood cells of the extensive metabolizers was shown to contain the mRNA transcribed from the CYP2D6 gene. The Taq polymerase reaction in the presence of cDNA derived from a poor metabolizer did not lead to the synthesis of the 238 bp fragment.

The relationship between the cholesterol (Ch) content and the concentration of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in activated platelets and the effect of these parameters on the structure-function characteristics of platelet membranes were studied. It was found that esterified Ch activates free radical processes occurring in platelets. Nonesterified Ch does not induce the production of primary products of LPO (dienoic conjugates) but promotes the accumulation of a secondary LPO metabolite, malonic dialdehyde, this reaction being mediated via indirect mechanisms. The higher (in comparison with normal) orderliness and orientation of membranes in platelets reflect the increase in the concentration of dienoic conjugates and nonesterified Ch. The observed differences in the aggregability of platelets are due to the changes in the Ch content as well as to the "rigidity" of blood platelets.

Sensitivity of 142 human large bowel malignancies to gastroenteropancreatic hormones (VIP, glucagon and pentogastrin) and calcitonin was studied using in vitro adenylate cyclase reaction of tumor. At least 40-55% of the tumors proved hormone sensitive. Heteroresponse (reaction to calcitonin) was most characteristic for colonic tumors whereas weak reaction to VIP and glucagon-for rectal neoplasms. A certain relationship was established between adenylate cyclase reaction to hormone stimulation, on the one hand, and peculiarities of tumor (degree of cell differentiation) and the body (gender), on the other. In patients who survived over 4 years, tumor adenylate cyclase had initially been more sensitive to hormone stimulation than in those who died over that period. It is concluded that tumor adenylate cyclase reaction to hormone stimulation is quite a reliable test for evaluating hormone sensitivity of large bowel tumors and, possibly, for choosing hormonal therapy.

The paper describes an experience gained in the work of the mixed team of district out-patient physicians and nurses for adult population. The necessity and importance of team contracts are substantiated as the first stage in the transition of health services to cost-accounting activities which are promoting a new economic thinking among medical workers. The conclusions made in the paper indicate that the team form of labour is a good way of solving numerous public health problems in the transition to the improved forms of performance.

The function of platelets and erythrocytes and content of Willebrand's factor in the plasma from 45 patients with exercise-induced or spontaneous angina pectoris were examined before and after ergometrine, 0.1 mg. The patients with a negative ergometrine response showed a lower platelet sensitivity to all the aggregation inductors used in vitro, spontaneous platelet aggregation being absent. The function of erythrocytes and plasma levels of Willebrand's factor remained unchanged. The patients with a significant ischemic response to ergometrine exhibited platelet activation attended by the release of granule contents and formation of blood circulating platelet microaggregates. Concurrently, there was a decrease in erythrocyte deformability, as well as spontaneous blood red cell aggregation, the plasma levels of Willebrand's factor were increased 1.5-2-fold.

A method of plasty of the hip joint with the perforated metallic implant fixed with plastics is proposed. The method was approbated in experiment with 10 adult dogs and used in 3 patients with long-standing marginal fractures of the acetabulum. Morphological and roentgenological examinations have found restored integrity of the acetabulum, the supporting ability of the extremity and sufficient amplitude of movements.

Alpha-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, synthesized in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae without substitution of the signal sequence, is efficiently secreted from yeast cells: 60-70% of the overall amount of the enzyme is found in the culture fluid. In contrast to many yeast secretory proteins, which accumulate in the periplasmic space and in the cell wall, intracellular alpha-amylase is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Obviously, transfer across the cell wall is not a rate-limiting step in alpha-amylase export from the cell. The glycosylated forms of proteins are predominantly found both inside the cell and in the culture medium.

1. Protonated, neutral (mixed), and binuclear Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) iminodisuccinate complexes have been synthesized. 2. Based on the results of IR-spectroscopic, thermal, and other methods of analysis, various conclusions have been drawn concerning the structures of these complexes; for instance, in the case of complexes of composition H2ML·nH2O both carboxyl groups are protonated, and one of them is coordinated to the metal ion.

The data presented below indicate that under certain conditions solutions of organic luminophors transform the radiation of pulse tubes in such a way that the intensity of radiation increases more than twofold in the 550 and 580 nm spectral ranges and 1. 5-fold in the 630 nm range.

An investigation of the conductivity and viscosity of semiconducting compound CdGeP2 in the liquid state has been made. It has been found that the transition of this compound from the solid to the liquid state coincides with the pattern “semiconductor semiconductor”. The value for the activation energy of the conductivity of the melt completely coincides with the energy gap of vitreous CdGeP2. It might be explained with the similar structure of the short-range order. Es wurde eine Untersuchung der Leitfahigkeit und Viskositat von CdGeP2-Verbindungshalbleitern im flussigen Zustand durchgefuhrt. Es wurde gefunden, das der Ubergang vom festen in den flussigen Zustand mit dem Bild „Halbleiter Halbleiter” ubereinstimmt. Der Wert fur die Aktivierungsenergie der Leitfahigkeit der Schmelze stimmt vollig mit der Energielucke des glasartigen CdGeP2 uberein. Dies konnte mit der ahnlichen Struktur des Nahordnungsbereiches erklart werden.

1. INTRODUCTION A most obscure aspect of mitochondrial bio- genesis is the mechanism of assembly of the en- zymic complexes in the mitochondrial inner mem- brane. Early works from the laboratory of Green [l-3] have shown that mixing of concentrated sol- utions of respiratory complexes gives rise to vesi- cles which can perform the functions of an un- coupled respiratory chain. The latter cannot be reconstituted by mixing already diluted solutions of the complexes. Such solutions were supposed [3] to contain vesicles carrying a single species of the complexes, and exchange of complexes between different vesicles to form mixed systems was held to be impossible. The experimental protocol of [4] was not with- out fault. In particular, the assembly of the com- plex was inferred solely from the increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in the mixed prepara- tion. To do away with ambiguity, one should have tried to obtain data on the content of cytochromes au3 as well as to study the enzymic changes in more detail. Such a check reported here shows that the sug- gestion [4] about the assembly of cytochrome ox- idase from subunits harboured by different mitochondrial membranes can hardly hold true. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of special interest in this connexion is a report by Chandrasekaran et al. [4] on the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in yeast mitochondria. This enzyme of the mitochondrial inner membrane is believed to comprise seven subunits, three of which are made on mitochondrial and four on cytoplasmic ribosomes [5]. The authors [4] claimed that catalytically active cytochrome oxidase was assembled from mitochondrial and cytoplasmic subunits upon mixing of two preparations of mito- chondria containing an excess of either mito- chondrial or cytoplasmic subunits accumulated by incubating yeast spheroplasts with inhibitors of either cytoplasmic (cycloheximide, CHI) or mitochondrial (chloramphenicol, CAP) protein synthesis, respectively. In obvious contrast to the above concept [3], this implied an exchange of cytochrome-oxidase subunits between two mem- brane systems.

By the hydrosilylation of diallyl sulfide with trichlorosilane, catalyzed by the Nt(acac)2-tert-phosphine systems, mono- and bis-trichlorosilyl derivatives were obtained. Conditions were found for the preferential preparation of each of these compounds. Besides mono- and bis-adducts, 1-trichlorosilyl-4-thioheptane is also formed.

The role of somatotropic hormone (STH) in the development of hypersensitivity of delayed type (HDT) and immunologic memory was demonstrated in guinea pigs. Injection of human STH (in doses of 0.25 and 1 mg per guinea pig) in the period of sensitization and formation of HDT stimulated the development of cutaneous hypersensitivity. Inhibition of endogenous STH by means of antiserum against guinea pig STH protected the animal against the development of hypersensitivity in the period both of sensitization and of reaction. HDT was restored after the action of the antiserum ceased. Experiments with a model of immunologic memory showed that the sensitization period is the most sensitive, whereas the period of preservation of immunologic memory remained resistant.

It is shown in the paper that implantation in rats of a 5 mg synestrol tablet (equivalent to an average therapeutic dose of the preparation used in treating milk-duct carcinoma in man) eliminates or reduces the growth hormone's capacity of raising the level of free fatty acids in blood serum. The paper discusses at some length the importance of this antagonism phenomenon necessitating a more profound study which would include the development of acromegaloid features with aging, as well as investigating the issues arising from the antagonism to other properties of the growth hormone, the studies involving the use of both the estrogens and the hypophyseal inhibitors.

A truncated form of cytochrome P450IID6 deprived of 22 NH2-terminal amino acids residues (P450IID6 delta 1-22) was found in both the cytosol and the microsomal fraction of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A reduced CO difference spectrum of this form was characterized by the absence of absorption at 448 nm and weak absorption at 420 nm. Another peculiarity of P450IID6 delta 1-22 expression was its reduced content in the yeast cells compared to that of P450IID6, with the intracellular levels of the corresponding mRNAs being the same. We suggest that the deleted form of P450IID6, i.e. lacking 22 NH2-terminal amino acid residues, is not inserted properly in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: it does not take up the proper conformation to enable normal heme binding and is degraded in the yeast cells.

The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of the liver was studied in laboratory noninbred male rats selected according to the intensity of their initial alcohol motivation and the dynamics of these parameters was followed up during 10-day alcoholisation. It was shown that in the animals inclined to the development of alcoholism the activity of the monooxygenase system (cytochrome P-450, B5; enzymes: aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline p-hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase) is higher than in the animals noninclined to the development of this disease. 10-day alcohol consumption in the free-choice situation between water and 15% ethanol solution did not change the parameters investigated. The only exception was NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase: its activity grew in both the groups of the animals by 40-75%.

Peculiarities of hormone-metabolic status in patients with cancer of the rectum and colon consist of 1) symptoms of cancrophilia, 2) disturbances of enteric endocrine system and 3) properties of the tumour tissue, determining first of all its hormone sensitivity. Determination of steroid hormone (estrogens and progesterone) receptors does not appear a sufficiently informative criterion of colorectal cancer tissue hormone sensitivity; the adenylate cyclase reaction to the hormonal stimulators is more informative in this respect. The data obtained may be useful in the working out of adjuvant therapy methods in cancer of colon and rectum (including hormonotherapy and metabolic rehabilitation).

The study was conducted on 40 patients previously operated upon radically for cancer of the mammary gland, uterine body, lung and colon. All patients were explored and treated during 2-14 months. As evidenced by the data obtained, biguanides proved to be mostly effective with regard to normalization of an excessive weight in oncological patients and an impared tolerance to glucose, whereas myscleron-in cases of hyperlipemia with marked hypercholesterinemia, diphenin - in a concomitant excessive production of corticosteroids. Moreover, the pharmacological drugs concerned were shown to influence also the production of gonadotropic, steroid and thyroid hormones.

The study used 3, 7, 16 and 22 month-old male rats bred at the animal farm of the Institute. Identical age-related changes were established in the level of free cholesterol, its esters, free cholesterol/phospholipids and sphingomyelin/lecithin ratios in ascending and descending colon mucosa. Unlike descending colon mucosa, the basal and hormone-stimulating activity of adenylate cyclase and rate of lipid peroxidation in the mucosa of the ascending colon of 22 month-old animals were lower than in 16 month-old rats. The results are compared with the available data on the predominant localization of spontaneous tumors in the proximal (ascending) part of rat's intestine.

Toyopearl media for gel filtration tend to adsorb proteins at high ionic strength, presumably by hydrogen bonding. This is used in the technique proposed here for resolution of crude protein mixtures and initial purification of their components. Proteins can be selectively adsorbed on a column of Toyopearl at high ammonium sulfate concentration and then eluted by decreasing the salt concentration. This single-step procedure can replace the usual salt fractionation of protein mixtures, which is demonstrated with yeast cytochrome oxidase.

Tissues from tumor and normal intestine were examined in 44 patients suffering from colonic and rectal cancer. The study established elevated levels of cholesterol (chiefly, cholesterol esters) and phospholipids, as compared with normal tissue. Two groups were identified among the cancer patients on the basis of the ratio of K = (Formula: see text). Cases with a relatively low value of K revealed higher levels of body fat and hyperlipidemia. That was matched by relatively higher concentrations of cholesterol and its esters, but not phospholipids, in tumor tissue, as compared with normal one. The relationship between cyclic nucleotide metabolism disorders in neoplastic tissue and lipid metabolism in cancer patients is discussed.